英語詞匯
中文釋義
詳細(xì)注解
absorption approach
吸收論
國際收支吸收分析法的簡稱，是詹姆士.愛德華.米德（James Edward Meade)和亞歷山大（S.S.Alexander)于1952年在凱恩斯的國民收入方程式的基礎(chǔ)上提出來的一種分析方法。
absorption rate
吸收比率
The rate at which properties are able to be leased or sold in a given area.
abstract of title
產(chǎn)權(quán)契約摘要
A set of documents which record the ownership through time of a property.
abusive tax shelter
違規(guī)避稅
A tax shelter which the IRS feels is being used to claim illegal deductions, such as inflating the value of acquired property above its market value.
Abusive trading practice
違規(guī)交易操作
泛指證券或期貨交易違反交易所制定的規(guī)則；例如內(nèi)線交易。
Academic arbitrage
理論套利
指投資人利用相同證券或商品，在不同市場上價(jià)格的差異，買高賣低賺取利潤，而投資人并不須要實(shí)際投入資金就可完成該套利交易。
accelerated amortization
加速攤銷
以快與正常水平的速度攤銷成本，由此可減少稅收。同樣，通過特殊規(guī)定可以加速債務(wù)的還款日期。
accelerated benefits
加速受益
In some life insurance policies, benefits available before death, in such events as long-term, catastrophic or terminal illness. This benefit first became available when companies offering viatical settlements purchased the life insurance policies of terminally ill individuals from the insurance companies which issued the policies. After extracting a portion of the value of the policy for costs and profits, these companies offered the remainder of the death benefit to terminally ill policy holders. Insurance companies have different rules about how much money can be extracted and how close to death the holder must be to receive benefits early. The remainder of the value of the policy, minus interest charges, is awarded to the beneficiaries upon the death of the holder. also called living benefits.
Accelerated cost recovery system (ACRS)
加速成本回收制
1.根據(jù)1986年美國的賦稅改革法案（TAX REFORM ACT OF 1986），對于一些符合規(guī)定的資產(chǎn)，提列折舊時(shí)可以加速折舊方式處理，因而這類資產(chǎn)的折舊提列年限得以短于其耐用年限，并于資產(chǎn)使用初期可以享有較高的節(jié)稅利益。
2.Accelerated Cost Recovery System. Depreciation methods applied to limited partnership assets placed in service in 1986 or before. Replaced by the less-favorable Modified ACRS.
Accelerated Depreciation
加速折舊
1.以比直線折舊法更快的速度注銷固定資產(chǎn)的成本。資產(chǎn)使用年限后期的高維修費(fèi)用被早期的稅收好處所抵消，由此使得該資產(chǎn)所產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流更為平穩(wěn)。企業(yè)可以通過這種方式得到稅收好處。加速折舊法優(yōu)化了資本支出，促進(jìn)了企業(yè)的發(fā)展。
2.A depreciation method which allows faster write-offs than the straight line method. These methods provide a greater tax shield effect than straight line depreciation, and so companies with large tax burdens might like to use accelerated depreciation methods, even if it reduces the income shown on financial statement. Accelerated depreciation methods are popular for writing-off equipment that might be replaced before the end of its useful life since the equipment might be obsolete (e.g. computers). One example of an accelerated depreciation method is the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS).
acceleration
加速到期
由于債務(wù)人或合約一方的違約，債務(wù)比事先約定的期限提前到期或是衍生性交易因而中止的現(xiàn)象。加速到期也可能由信用等級的下降或其他原因引起。
acceleration clause
加速償還條款
1.指債務(wù)契約上所記載的一種條款，該條款指明當(dāng)債務(wù)人發(fā)生無法按期支付本息的情況下，債務(wù)人的未到期債務(wù)自動到期，應(yīng)立即償還。
2該條款是說，如果債務(wù)人無法償還利息、本金或支付沉淀成本，或者喪失償付能力，或者無力承擔(dān)抵押財(cái)產(chǎn)的稅收負(fù)擔(dān)，那么該抵押合同未償付的余額或其他相關(guān)合同將被視為到期。
3.A provision that allows a lender to demand payment of the total outstanding balance or demand additional collateral under certain circumstances, such as failure to make payments, bankruptcy, nonpayment of taxes on mortgaged property, or the breaking of loan covenants.
acceleration theory
加速理論
消費(fèi)水平的變動將導(dǎo)致購買力和生產(chǎn)水平的更大變動。這被視為造成某種形式通貨膨脹的推動力。
Acceptance
承兌
1.在遠(yuǎn)期匯票上簽署，正式確認(rèn)按時(shí)支付匯票金額之責(zé)任，稱之為承兌。簽署人即為承兌人。承兌人若為一般工商企業(yè)，該承兌匯票稱為商業(yè)承兌匯票（trade acceptance bill）,若承兌人為銀行，該匯票稱為銀行承兌匯票（banker’s acceptance）。
2.The contractual agreement entered into when the drawee of a time draft writes "accepted" on the document and specifies a payment date. The drawee, thereby known as the acceptor, is responsible for making the payment at maturity.
acceptance bank
承兌銀行
保證匯票付款責(zé)任的銀行。
Acceptance bill
承兌匯票
經(jīng)工商企業(yè)或銀行承兌，確認(rèn)如期支付之匯票。一般而言，銀行承兌匯票之信用程度較商業(yè)承兌匯票為佳，在貨幣市場發(fā)達(dá)的國家，銀行承兌匯票可于公開市場轉(zhuǎn)讓貼現(xiàn)，是一種較為普遍的短期融資工具。
acceptance credit
承兌信用安排
國際貿(mào)易融資的信用安排之一。銀行可允許客戶發(fā)出匯票讓銀行承兌，然后在市場轉(zhuǎn)讓貼現(xiàn)來獲得資金。開證行或指定的付款行收到符合信用證條款規(guī)定的單據(jù)時(shí)，并不立即付款，只有在承兌人承兌后，并且在匯票到期時(shí)才履行付款義務(wù)。根據(jù)承兌人的不同，承兌信用證可分為：（1）銀行承兌信用證。（2）商號承兌信用證。
Acceptance fee
承兌費(fèi)
銀行對匯票進(jìn)行承兌時(shí)，所收取的手續(xù)費(fèi)。
acceptance market
承兌市場
貨幣市場的一部分。匯票經(jīng)紀(jì)人等用貼現(xiàn)的辦法對承兌過的匯票進(jìn)行買賣。
Acceptance risk
承兌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
遠(yuǎn)期匯票的持票人向受票人要求付款承兌時(shí)，遭到受票人拒絕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。