四、GRE作文的結(jié)構(gòu)性(第二性)
很多考生都有這樣的深刻體會，從開始寫作文到后基本入門，總是被一條條無形的“規(guī)則”或“套路”把持著，寫得多了之后自己看著也難受，蒼白無力。而且，要突破這些往往變得不現(xiàn)實(shí)，因?yàn)橛刑嗟臇|西失去了她的維系之后，便恍然像斷了線的風(fēng)箏，越飄越遠(yuǎn)?，F(xiàn)在市面上包括廣大考生手里視為“至寶”的書(主要是我剛才一開始品評過的那些)
，其實(shí)都是把大家的思路框在一個狹窄的籠子里，題目一來，就雞、鴨、兔分分類，關(guān)到特定的籠子里，然后塞點(diǎn)修飾，就算完成。無可否認(rèn)，對于很多考生來說，靠這些能夠保證一定程度的“高分”無可厚非，但是就寫作宗旨而言是極其“反動”的，許多培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)講義及書籍上列出的提綱，“閃光句”，模板，都是導(dǎo)致今天許許多多考生作文雷同的根源，且直接需為他們思維的“僵化”負(fù)全責(zé)。大量的不經(jīng)過仔細(xì)思索和推敲便背誦大量模式化的開頭，正文及結(jié)尾套路既費(fèi)時又收效不盡人意，是時候該丟掉那些所謂的“權(quán)威”論斷，重新思索一下作文的“結(jié)構(gòu)性”對策了。那么，我們先解決這樣一個前提：作文要不要套路？要，一定要！所謂“不成規(guī)矩，無以成方圓”，作文的章法套路是一篇文章成功的保障。與前面論述的不同，我這里要提出的“章法”不在于“形”，而在于“神”。說的挺玄，是不？看下去就明白了。
1.ISSUE結(jié)構(gòu)性指導(dǎo)
ISSUE是種開放性話題，涉及的題材多樣及覆蓋面廣是GRE作文的一個特色，而正是這點(diǎn)使得整體的“萬能套路”往往穿戴得極其勉強(qiáng)，于是我們可以分類處之。分類流行的有兩種，一種是按題材分，可以分為11大類(作者主張“飛躍”分類)：學(xué)習(xí)，科技，歷史，傳媒，文化，國際，教育，社會，政治，行為，藝術(shù)。這種分類旨在讓你按照題材去閱讀背誦相應(yīng)的文章或資料來擴(kuò)充論據(jù)，嚴(yán)密論證過程，但是就這里要談的套路結(jié)構(gòu)而言，沒有任何實(shí)質(zhì)性的幫助。于是我推崇第二種分類，話題擬制類型分類，可以分為極其簡單粗糙的3類：should, which one, single。我著重要分析入手的就是這三類題型的寫作“套路”。在這之前，首先提出兩個前提：第一，本文完全贊成“五段式”作文，即正文保持“3段”，故模式也是“3段論法”；第二，開頭結(jié)尾統(tǒng)一自由化。開頭的作用就是點(diǎn)題和正確回應(yīng)，是告訴閱卷人切題的宣言，所以保險的開頭往往比較固定，有三種常見模式：
(1)開門見山：直接回應(yīng)話題觀點(diǎn)，表明態(tài)度
(2)談古論今：從古代到現(xiàn)代來引出話題內(nèi)容
(3)故做深沉：間接涉及相關(guān)話題內(nèi)容，一步一步引出自己的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。這種開頭往往被諸多考生所采用，但是由于一上來就沒有直接回應(yīng)，使得寫到后來，原來的話題內(nèi)容很容易被遺忘而陶醉在自我新構(gòu)建的話題之中，造成“跑題”。
因此，議論文中，開門見山永遠(yuǎn)是“首選”，忌諱的就是許多考生自以為要“推陳出新”，而盲目創(chuàng)新，結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出連基本的寫作常識都沒有，只有從基本練起，才能逐步創(chuàng)新，切記！
而結(jié)尾的任務(wù)與模式也基本有兩條：
(1)總結(jié)上文自己與話題的觀點(diǎn)，勾勒全文論證概貌。
(2)提出尚待履行的措施，建議等，并點(diǎn)描這樣的后果。
但是，結(jié)尾的失誤也不在少數(shù)，主要是大多數(shù)考生有結(jié)尾的“意識”，卻沒有結(jié)尾的認(rèn)識，為作結(jié)論而作結(jié)論，勉強(qiáng)地作結(jié)論，即將重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容重復(fù)一遍就算做結(jié)論。我們說，結(jié)論在精神、內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)上應(yīng)該與前文論述一致，然而不能是簡單的重復(fù)，應(yīng)該至少有以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別：
(1)結(jié)論部分提出的內(nèi)容比前面的主體論述更具體、實(shí)在。
(2)為了給讀者留下深刻的印象，應(yīng)將精辟、美妙的詞匯、句段等留到結(jié)論處。
如此，開頭與結(jié)尾可以有意識地往這些思路靠去，漸漸就會形成自己獨(dú)特的模式而使自己的“首尾”部分變得有“個性”。下面我們重點(diǎn)分類探討上面3種正文模式：
(1) SHOULD類：題干中明確出示標(biāo)志詞“should”或意為“應(yīng)該”如何如何的話題。比如：
214."Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped."
Should類話題一般都是采取“贊成”或“反對”，很少要“中和”的，因而基本的“套路”相當(dāng)簡單：1、闡述自己如此認(rèn)為的基本理由；2、如果自己的觀點(diǎn)正確，那么有什么良好的后果；3、這樣做同時要注意的某些問題(或者可能帶來的副作用)。下面就以上題附以范文說明：
(范文)
There are some children do indeed have some gift perhaps cannot be made sense properly by scientists and educators aggregating around ourselves and needing some special care especially for their cultivation regarding the education process. Some experts ever declared against separating the talented children from the ordinary group after quite a substantial cogitation involving the impact of such seclusion, the influence exerted on their germinal heart, and the probable arrogance may it produce lacerate their later lives. However, weighing the benefits of the special care, I am apt to support the idea of providing special education to those who embrace great potentials on some subjects like arts, music, and natural science, in moral principles.
What impels and shocks me most onto such suggestion is the great waste reported thousands of times on journals and television media, which almost every time took place under the background of the innate special children performing exceptionally the first year staying with the ordinary packs but when came the graduation ceremony as far as the rear of the arrangement of transcripts he may stands, who, somebody ultimately scorned as, was a“mediocre”man. That should be, in my thought, the greatest blasphemy to these gifted children, who ought to be showed adequate respect and attention far different from other scanty of these brilliance. Most of them would surely be aggrieved just in that they step by step follow what the teacher told and instructed they lost the precious self-probity opportunities and make themselves awash under the surface of the ordinary and the banal. On the contrary, another report recently seen from yesterday's evening paper now come into my memory is an elated story about a poor boy who was imbued with the supernal talent of playing violin was disinterred from the poor district by an experienced professor and then he was taken to the college for free and given the special face-to-face personally instruction from the best maestro group. With the auspicious chance, finally he now has grown up as a shining star above the music territory. All of these, albeit may still not enough to make any authoritative assertion, can to some extent reflect the fresh fact that the potential covered under the soul stone of our cherubic talented children are somewhat like the natural fuel source, once exhumed in the sun, it can produce astounding power but while keeping it dormant, no good but a dead wish of the god.
Taken some experiment schools adopting such children for instance, the splendid records elucidate nothing but the beneficial recommendation. In China, the famous“teenage class”constituted inside the eminent Chinese Scientific Technology University founded in Anhui province have cultivated hundreds of prodigies to be the pundits of what they excel in. As well known to the world, most of the gold medals of the Mathematic Olympic Games and other similar scientific tournaments are obtained by our Chinese teenage prodigies derived from this class. Also, quit a few top academician of the national scientific institution are the graduates of it, the immense function can be evinced from this academician's speech,”I gained what I am looking for and the priceless courage of fumbling in the dark here, the tribute complemented to my talent and the honor paid off back to my gift refinery.”
Meanwhile, we should take care of the well-rounded education towards those gifted children avoiding the formation of the ill and biased personality. Special educations do mean some extent to distinguish from the ordinary routine but do not necessarily cut down the communication with the ordinary world we confront with every breath. Even the best technicians should also be the good civilian of the community, no exclusive person can survive longer and normally no matter how intelligent he or she is, the reason is so simple that once deprived of the opportunity of communication no exchange of emotional feels and academic ideas will consequently take place, which is essential for the sense of alive. Hence, possibly more important to appeal people's approbation, the normal channel for communication should not be barricaded by human's deliberately benevolent actions.
In sum, the phenomenon of the treatments to these gifted children is such a controversial one that certainly some of us, of course, might still cast some doubt on my analysis, but at least what I discussed above to some degree shake the adamantly held reverse belief, which is one of my main purposes writing such a frank issue. The other one is something naïve that I hope more and more experts should excise to discern the talented ones and emancipate them out of the tragic drop, just because every one should share the same sense that they are no doubt the unique resources the God bestowed to us and once missed no measure can be compensated for the huge loss, left only silent cries. (809 words)
評析：范文采用“故做深沉”的開頭方式，從社會上某些專家的爭議引出話題，并在首段末作出明確回應(yīng)，從而確保切題，值得考生引以為鑒。緊接著作者按上述“三段論”模式一一就“理由”、“后果”與“問題”采取不同方式的論證來實(shí)現(xiàn)，從而使文章在結(jié)構(gòu)上呈現(xiàn)出多元化和周到性，給閱卷人一種“堅(jiān)不可摧”的震懾力，保證了論證的嚴(yán)密和條理。同時，本文的“因果論證”和“事例論證”也是堪稱一絕的，讀者可以反復(fù)體會一下如何實(shí)現(xiàn)多方位，多角度的論證手段來加固自己的長城。
(2) WHICH ONE類：題干中明確要求考生做“二選一”的選擇，比如：
99."In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political-the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."
由于是“二選一”，因而作文者有三種回應(yīng)傾向：選A，選B或A，B中和。那么我們可以提煉出兩種基本模式：
1、單選：1、選A(或B)的基本理由；2、選A的好處；3、相較之A，選B有什么壞處。
2、雙選：1、選A的基本理由和好處；2、選B的基本理由和好處；3、A和B同時兼?zhèn)涞暮锰帯?BR> 由于GRE作文開放式的話題，很少有東西“全壞”或“全好”，所以奉勸考生盡量學(xué)會使用“雙選”模式，但是有志于“創(chuàng)新”的同學(xué)可以嘗試用“單選”，它往往讓你的作文“另類而出彩”，前面已有范文作過示范，請予以參照。下面的范文選用重點(diǎn)掌握的“雙選”模式，讀者注意其論證構(gòu)思的過程。
(范文)
As one of the famous philosophers ever writes,“the dream leads our sights toward the future, and the practice make our sense recognize how far away we still have to strive for.”During the recent decades, experts gradually have been divided into two opposite cults respectively holds their own belief of idealism and empiricism, and through thousands of fervid controversies the latter seems having dominated the optimal status after showing the corroborative evidence stems from the practical exemplar in the process of society constructions. But, in my point of view, in this practical and competitive world, being practical is essential to one's survival, yet ideals give us a direction in our pursuit of success.
We can with no difficulty to find out the obvious fact that any human undertaking irrespective of the hard facts and rules of reality is destined to failure. Under the nib of Cervantes，the well known Spanish fiction writer, we clearly see the antic portrait of an eccentric man named Don Quixote equipped with mid-aged sword and lance just like a cavalier following by his allegiant servant. Severe fantasy of warfare separated from the bucolic reality drives him to the desirous aspiration to shape himself to be a hero, which ultimately catalyzes his ingenuous thoughts into the abysmal hallucination that cannot be dispelled by anything directly results in his tragedy. The similar case also can be found in the early time of last century, when the efficient use of energy has been evolved to the most popular issue and its immense profits prospect incites thousands of top scientists devoted their life-long research into the study of“permanent mobile machine”, something that once being given even a minor ignorable energy can it operate eternally to produce endless energy as feedback, which at last after a long-range frustrated trials scientists find immediately contradicts the energy-permanence law, the natural principles applied to any existence in the world. Having realized the source of the failure, more attention should be threw onto the disciplines of action that focus on the conditional reality.
However, ideals give us hope and enthusiasm, lifting us to new heights and helping us to overcome self-imposed limitations. Today, most of the nations who embrace the world's most sophisticated scientific technology ought to, in a sense, thank for the scientifically idealistic writers' sharing their affluent wisdom and imagination with the vast populace. The super-acoustic airplanes, the man-seated spaceship, and the artificial intelligence now all steps out of the exotic episodes of fictions into our everyday life, in that inspirations themselves cannot automatically drop off from the empyrean but be quarried from the deep soul of everyone, not just only the scientists because that's the common obligation for all members of community who are equal to them at this point of exploration. Scientists' contribution lies with the gift that using those descriptive originally materials in their efforts in trying to put them into actuality. Without the idealistic raw materials given by our writers or even ordinary citizens, I believe that even though we had much more experienced scientists no break-neck innovations would be worked out abruptly change every facets of human life.
Since the both paths surely in certain directions overlap, the theory castle filled with a person or a nation can be both idealistic and pragmatic at the same time is thus surrounded by the untenable fosse. As a student, as soon as the beginning day of the semester my tutor always inculcate the pedagogy to me that any successful student should establish a further progress goal according to his or her own actual situation then you will know where you are intended to go and how much you have to go through for this attainment, as a typical case in point.
In sum, idealism and pragmatism cannot be arbitrarily secluded as absolute contrary but indeed the seemly explicit boundary between them is somewhat flexible rather than unutterably rigid. The most effective measure we should take in our practical action is then taking the former as the fundamental blueprint while the latter as the conditional base on which the former design can fulfill. (685 words)
(3) SINGLE類：單一結(jié)論類，或者頂多后面附加背景或原因，讓考生自己定奪的話題。這類是ISSUE多難的題，而且在這里沒有上述那么簡單可行的模式可以“僵硬”的套用，可以說這類文章才是考驗(yàn)?zāi)闼嫁q能力的東西。那么，是不是對于這種類型就無計(jì)可施，只能死背提綱？不絕對是，筆者自己潛心領(lǐng)悟練筆及與參詳諸“前輩”的真經(jīng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管到了高境界，是“無招勝有招”，但是容易上手的潛在規(guī)律還是有的，總結(jié)下來，有以下三種：
1、方方面面式：分別就時空，地域或文明領(lǐng)域選3個不同性質(zhì)的方面配合事例論證來實(shí)現(xiàn)。具體如何實(shí)現(xiàn)筆者提供一篇范文供讀者參考：
4."No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
(范文)
Nowadays quite a lot colleges and universities have designed some humanistic curriculum providing as something compulsory to the scientific major students while to the literary major also a modest quantity of scientific courses have been given in order to balance the proportion of both knowledge ken. It certainly symbols a sign that different academic disciplines are gradually coming to across and the billow of the information currents is now blushing the explicit boundaries separating the major confluence, making them more and more ambiguous and impel them into the position of interrelated in that the knowledge of one field can sometimes shed beams of twilight on the studies of other fields.
As what is now more popular and acceptable by many successful entrepreneurs, the fresh idea of borrowing the dealing methods from mathematics to compensate the drawbacks of the traditional evaluation approaches used in the field of economy is displaying a unique glamorous charisma. For instance, ancient merchants nearly always had the headache to cope with the data treatment, which can help them to make clearly the trend of the offer-need relationship instructing them to adjust the weight of this relationship into approximately balanced avoiding the loss of the largely instilled investment. Obviously primitive arithmetical approaches like simple counting, enumerating, or assorted fundamental calculation including the plus, minus, multiply and divide must be far not enough, they were eager to conduce to a new convenient weapon specially trenchant to tamp this gap, so the quantitative methods accordingly born to dislodge the stranded commercial ship owing to generations of endless trials. Today's shrewd businessmen can easily deal with these problems just constitute a data repository in their own computers installed with the powerful exploited quantitative procedure software, no sooner do they enter the fluctuated data into the storehouse than a mobile accurate diagram immediately folded out in front of your sight, transforming with the change pace of the economy heart, surely the glamour of the collaboration of the two fields is.
If literary critics intend to put up a bulletin filled with some abstruse theory with their own unique clairvoyance, the principles of philosophy accumulated through several centuries are the best things they should consider to resort to further their study domain. As a famous American literary critic ever wrote in his latest book“Literature against Philosophy”, that both the subjects here concerned acts the roles of the brothers share in some common like the features of genes and attitudes towards outer evaluations, yet fight each other for the predominance of his own thinking rules in that the existence of the common and concordance mentioned above. Many literary works inevitable dips into the field of philosophy in the form of further exploring the deep ground of the hero or heroine's heart by depicting the countenance or the behavior deriving from his or her natural revelation, one of the eminent examples is the Mary Shelley's appealing fiction "Frankenstein", the adept almost near the surface of perfect description and metaphorical expression fixed thousands of reader's eyes and souls onto the monster's fate and the hero's imminent manic psyche, the philosophical analysis told us how it produces so hallucinating effect and weird atmosphere.
By the way, when biology and chemistry met, biochemistry came into being as a strong hybrid of the two independent parents. One of my best friends happens to be an excellent graduates major in bio-pharmacology, who once told me before entering the total systematic study of this newborn popular course, he must prepare the rationales of chemistry indispensable and necessary in later research assignments. After the collection of the blood samples, we should certainly not directly put them under the micro-instruments to observe and then make out the papers about analysis of the results, as a prerequisite our researchers have to import some chemical reagents as an additive instilling into the specimens to function with the blood ingredients, only after the process can we take them into analysis. Without the chemistry, biology is just a pond of backwater and vice versa, any bio-chemical scholar ought to taste the exceptional favor.
So much have been discussed in details covering three particular domains, in a sense, illustrates the interrelationship is the guarantee of the breakthrough of some certain academic topics, possibly in some special circumstances can also be generalized to a more broaden range. No field after all, I believe, can survive well surrounded by the asphyxiating academic buttress; the only escape is breaking it from outside. (744 words)
點(diǎn)評：范文分別就經(jīng)濟(jì)、文學(xué)及自然科學(xué)3個不同領(lǐng)域展開論證，實(shí)現(xiàn)了有效而全面的論證。
2、層層深入式：首先樹立起自己論證的對象，然后通過論證手段披露對象的特點(diǎn)，后進(jìn)行全面進(jìn)攻。請參考以下范文：
161."In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
(范文)
Hero, the elites of our human groups, are all time alive in any level of social stages. But, following the break-neck development of various fields of technology, a serial of problems accordingly come to bog us, one of them is the exclamation of the phenomenon-dilution of the concept "hero". As what is asserted at top line, heroes are not vacant at any time, so what's the root of this dramatic fact? Media, the media; just as a result of this modern product exorcises the long inherited convention of hero idolization.
In our childhood, what we most like to hear about is the splendid experiences of our famous predecessors, like George Washington, the primary president of United States, who also contributes large amount out of assessment to the final independence of the nation. Almost hardly to remember how many times having acclaimed for this or that miracle in his war life, and the ambition illuminated from his encouraging stories, we still, however, remain the tepid admiration even until today. While, let us have a look at today's conditions, heroes have been drawn by huge piles of information garbage, and the real ones deserved our fervid accolade even finally loses his favor by the collision of fashionable value-evaluate trend, such as the currents of idolization towards those film stars.
No deniably, the unique price of hero is now decrying, which never can be evaluated at the same scale as ever before, owing to the overwhelming power to concoct crowds of meretricious "heroes" by media. Information, the fundamental source of people have to every day rely on, is the major products like other commodities of the media corporation; then as a result, the quality and reality extent is wholly mastered under the control of the media propaganda, so long as the publication is strong enough, even sun can someday legitimately rise from the west horizon. How can citizens tolerate such rules of operation to be compliant to these absurd tricks and consequently become their allegiant followers?
And taking the instance of those who really could be responsible for the entitled appellation of "hero", due to the overexposure of nearly each dimension of their lives (such as privacy, ordinary schedule, the sum of his property, so on and so forth), no singularity can he or she gives to us to enable us to respect them at all. Most of our primordial respects stems from the presumption of their particularity or characteristics, which always occluded to public as an abstruse mystery, but once the born of media and the authorization for it to freely reveal every corner of everything, the mysterious ages are destined to not drive back again. Just like awakening from a sweet dream, people will find the hero idolized so many years is merely a person too ordinary to be absolutely discriminated from we these similarly ordinary ones. And with the disappearance of these veiled dreams, "hero" eternally eludes into the history of past.
From the principles of natural laws, not a single type of species can be originated as personal will, nor with the extinction of certain phylum, while the media is trying their best to challenge against these "gold laws" to evince his revolutionary magic. Nevertheless, real hero will never miss his merited title of hero if he equips the quality, I always believe, no matter what is he under the embellishment of the magical media and how lonely he might taste. (572 words)
點(diǎn)評：該模式關(guān)鍵在于有心逐步深入的披露，從表及里，一波強(qiáng)過一波，在“反對”中用的比較普遍。
3、因果論證式：首先說明對象造成的一個原因，然后引出對于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的影響和作用，后對上述論證進(jìn)行加固或者補(bǔ)充(對于論證中的可能漏洞進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ))。同樣我們用范文向大家示范：
235."Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force."
(范文)
Once I participated a speech given by a famous local entrepreneur, who rose from exactly bare hands. The word brands me most is "loyalty", the very one we hardly dabble and almost reaches the edge of oblivion but instead no negligence is deserve. How can this concept bridge the relation with the huge lope of his life? Loyalty makes one stick to a goal without any fickleness until achievement, which has won a lot much for him including friendship, dependability and love. Ironically, today's people is becoming more and more "sagacious" to plan for themselves better, holding the principles of choosing best, moving fastest, and snatching most; in other words, loyalty is degenerated into a totem of stubborn stereotype inadaptable for the society of profits first.
Is that modern theory "true"? And what about the success of that admiring entrepreneur? Something people primarily should understand is the indispensability of credence active among human community for the perpetuity of humanistic relationship, which to a large extent stems from this loyalty. No exaggeration I have made to emphasize its paramount function to personal survival, either from the fable or history we can learn the lesson. But now I would like to continue to elicit the example of that manager upstairs. When he is still an employee working for this consult company (before he climbed up to the top rung of the company committee), there was a huge recession leading to a total profits declination in this operating domain, in the end results almost all elites of the company to make a job exchange except him. His persistent determination was for nothing but loyalty, of his indebtedness form his boss, of his enamored undertaking tolerating for no intermittence, of his adherence to goal successful for sure. And fact tells us everything, as each audience can see, he did.
Not only to individual the quality of loyalty can push one into the acme of his career following with winsome reputation, but also to community the crucial pillar to support the sculpture of serenity goddess. Once separated from the loyalty, credence also accordingly right away being crushed under the wheels of history cart, and then the concomitant condition can be imagined as this: various associations would be certainly collapsed under the circumstance deprived of dependability, each one discredits the motive of action from anyone else, talking is evolved into a serial of satirical assaults, compassion sounds more like a snicker, and ultimately ineluctably the human society is degraded into a state of depravity. Is this the community we each of us want to live in? Is this the situation we each of us want to make realized? If your answer is negative-just like mine-then please retrospect your conscience to retrieve this precious virtue of "loyalty".
While the merits of loyalty have been corroborated here so strongly, admittedly, however, loyalty applied only to the legitimate partner or purpose, not involves the malign ones, somehow or other the effect will surely arrive at the surprising reverse. For instance, from the point of penal law, excluding the major miscreants who abet the underlings to commit guilt, the adherent to follow his felony, even if he never directly join in the crime doing on the spot, but as a result of his ancillary work, he should also assume a certain quantity of the great responsibility, which might mean him a ferocity of being disenfranchised, or at the same time to enjoy his later few years' prime time in the jail. The tragedy is so natural for most of us that admonishing clock is being struck; the high time for us to wake up from the sequacious loyalty is coming.
Overall, the virtue of loyalty is one of the fundamental factor heading for our prosperous tomorrow, despite its contain of some potential stygian side effect turning to the malicious dimension, yet no doubt it deserves to be advocated to learn for the brace of the beneficial development of both single person and gross society. Like the rationale of any medicine we take normally, no one of us will stop to ingest pills of penicillin just because its possible allergy to some particular patients, after all its application and efficacy is indelible. (700 words)
點(diǎn)評：這篇文章二段直接闡述原因，三段論述必要性，四段對其中的例外進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)，客觀地指出非通用性，從而保證了全文強(qiáng)大的說服力。
很多考生都有這樣的深刻體會，從開始寫作文到后基本入門，總是被一條條無形的“規(guī)則”或“套路”把持著，寫得多了之后自己看著也難受，蒼白無力。而且，要突破這些往往變得不現(xiàn)實(shí)，因?yàn)橛刑嗟臇|西失去了她的維系之后，便恍然像斷了線的風(fēng)箏，越飄越遠(yuǎn)?，F(xiàn)在市面上包括廣大考生手里視為“至寶”的書(主要是我剛才一開始品評過的那些)
，其實(shí)都是把大家的思路框在一個狹窄的籠子里，題目一來，就雞、鴨、兔分分類，關(guān)到特定的籠子里，然后塞點(diǎn)修飾，就算完成。無可否認(rèn)，對于很多考生來說，靠這些能夠保證一定程度的“高分”無可厚非，但是就寫作宗旨而言是極其“反動”的，許多培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)講義及書籍上列出的提綱，“閃光句”，模板，都是導(dǎo)致今天許許多多考生作文雷同的根源，且直接需為他們思維的“僵化”負(fù)全責(zé)。大量的不經(jīng)過仔細(xì)思索和推敲便背誦大量模式化的開頭，正文及結(jié)尾套路既費(fèi)時又收效不盡人意，是時候該丟掉那些所謂的“權(quán)威”論斷，重新思索一下作文的“結(jié)構(gòu)性”對策了。那么，我們先解決這樣一個前提：作文要不要套路？要，一定要！所謂“不成規(guī)矩，無以成方圓”，作文的章法套路是一篇文章成功的保障。與前面論述的不同，我這里要提出的“章法”不在于“形”，而在于“神”。說的挺玄，是不？看下去就明白了。
1.ISSUE結(jié)構(gòu)性指導(dǎo)
ISSUE是種開放性話題，涉及的題材多樣及覆蓋面廣是GRE作文的一個特色，而正是這點(diǎn)使得整體的“萬能套路”往往穿戴得極其勉強(qiáng)，于是我們可以分類處之。分類流行的有兩種，一種是按題材分，可以分為11大類(作者主張“飛躍”分類)：學(xué)習(xí)，科技，歷史，傳媒，文化，國際，教育，社會，政治，行為，藝術(shù)。這種分類旨在讓你按照題材去閱讀背誦相應(yīng)的文章或資料來擴(kuò)充論據(jù)，嚴(yán)密論證過程，但是就這里要談的套路結(jié)構(gòu)而言，沒有任何實(shí)質(zhì)性的幫助。于是我推崇第二種分類，話題擬制類型分類，可以分為極其簡單粗糙的3類：should, which one, single。我著重要分析入手的就是這三類題型的寫作“套路”。在這之前，首先提出兩個前提：第一，本文完全贊成“五段式”作文，即正文保持“3段”，故模式也是“3段論法”；第二，開頭結(jié)尾統(tǒng)一自由化。開頭的作用就是點(diǎn)題和正確回應(yīng)，是告訴閱卷人切題的宣言，所以保險的開頭往往比較固定，有三種常見模式：
(1)開門見山：直接回應(yīng)話題觀點(diǎn)，表明態(tài)度
(2)談古論今：從古代到現(xiàn)代來引出話題內(nèi)容
(3)故做深沉：間接涉及相關(guān)話題內(nèi)容，一步一步引出自己的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。這種開頭往往被諸多考生所采用，但是由于一上來就沒有直接回應(yīng)，使得寫到后來，原來的話題內(nèi)容很容易被遺忘而陶醉在自我新構(gòu)建的話題之中，造成“跑題”。
因此，議論文中，開門見山永遠(yuǎn)是“首選”，忌諱的就是許多考生自以為要“推陳出新”，而盲目創(chuàng)新，結(jié)果表現(xiàn)出連基本的寫作常識都沒有，只有從基本練起，才能逐步創(chuàng)新，切記！
而結(jié)尾的任務(wù)與模式也基本有兩條：
(1)總結(jié)上文自己與話題的觀點(diǎn)，勾勒全文論證概貌。
(2)提出尚待履行的措施，建議等，并點(diǎn)描這樣的后果。
但是，結(jié)尾的失誤也不在少數(shù)，主要是大多數(shù)考生有結(jié)尾的“意識”，卻沒有結(jié)尾的認(rèn)識，為作結(jié)論而作結(jié)論，勉強(qiáng)地作結(jié)論，即將重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容重復(fù)一遍就算做結(jié)論。我們說，結(jié)論在精神、內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)上應(yīng)該與前文論述一致，然而不能是簡單的重復(fù)，應(yīng)該至少有以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別：
(1)結(jié)論部分提出的內(nèi)容比前面的主體論述更具體、實(shí)在。
(2)為了給讀者留下深刻的印象，應(yīng)將精辟、美妙的詞匯、句段等留到結(jié)論處。
如此，開頭與結(jié)尾可以有意識地往這些思路靠去，漸漸就會形成自己獨(dú)特的模式而使自己的“首尾”部分變得有“個性”。下面我們重點(diǎn)分類探討上面3種正文模式：
(1) SHOULD類：題干中明確出示標(biāo)志詞“should”或意為“應(yīng)該”如何如何的話題。比如：
214."Society should identify those children who have special talents and abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can eventually excel in their areas of ability. Otherwise, these talents are likely to remain undeveloped."
Should類話題一般都是采取“贊成”或“反對”，很少要“中和”的，因而基本的“套路”相當(dāng)簡單：1、闡述自己如此認(rèn)為的基本理由；2、如果自己的觀點(diǎn)正確，那么有什么良好的后果；3、這樣做同時要注意的某些問題(或者可能帶來的副作用)。下面就以上題附以范文說明：
(范文)
There are some children do indeed have some gift perhaps cannot be made sense properly by scientists and educators aggregating around ourselves and needing some special care especially for their cultivation regarding the education process. Some experts ever declared against separating the talented children from the ordinary group after quite a substantial cogitation involving the impact of such seclusion, the influence exerted on their germinal heart, and the probable arrogance may it produce lacerate their later lives. However, weighing the benefits of the special care, I am apt to support the idea of providing special education to those who embrace great potentials on some subjects like arts, music, and natural science, in moral principles.
What impels and shocks me most onto such suggestion is the great waste reported thousands of times on journals and television media, which almost every time took place under the background of the innate special children performing exceptionally the first year staying with the ordinary packs but when came the graduation ceremony as far as the rear of the arrangement of transcripts he may stands, who, somebody ultimately scorned as, was a“mediocre”man. That should be, in my thought, the greatest blasphemy to these gifted children, who ought to be showed adequate respect and attention far different from other scanty of these brilliance. Most of them would surely be aggrieved just in that they step by step follow what the teacher told and instructed they lost the precious self-probity opportunities and make themselves awash under the surface of the ordinary and the banal. On the contrary, another report recently seen from yesterday's evening paper now come into my memory is an elated story about a poor boy who was imbued with the supernal talent of playing violin was disinterred from the poor district by an experienced professor and then he was taken to the college for free and given the special face-to-face personally instruction from the best maestro group. With the auspicious chance, finally he now has grown up as a shining star above the music territory. All of these, albeit may still not enough to make any authoritative assertion, can to some extent reflect the fresh fact that the potential covered under the soul stone of our cherubic talented children are somewhat like the natural fuel source, once exhumed in the sun, it can produce astounding power but while keeping it dormant, no good but a dead wish of the god.
Taken some experiment schools adopting such children for instance, the splendid records elucidate nothing but the beneficial recommendation. In China, the famous“teenage class”constituted inside the eminent Chinese Scientific Technology University founded in Anhui province have cultivated hundreds of prodigies to be the pundits of what they excel in. As well known to the world, most of the gold medals of the Mathematic Olympic Games and other similar scientific tournaments are obtained by our Chinese teenage prodigies derived from this class. Also, quit a few top academician of the national scientific institution are the graduates of it, the immense function can be evinced from this academician's speech,”I gained what I am looking for and the priceless courage of fumbling in the dark here, the tribute complemented to my talent and the honor paid off back to my gift refinery.”
Meanwhile, we should take care of the well-rounded education towards those gifted children avoiding the formation of the ill and biased personality. Special educations do mean some extent to distinguish from the ordinary routine but do not necessarily cut down the communication with the ordinary world we confront with every breath. Even the best technicians should also be the good civilian of the community, no exclusive person can survive longer and normally no matter how intelligent he or she is, the reason is so simple that once deprived of the opportunity of communication no exchange of emotional feels and academic ideas will consequently take place, which is essential for the sense of alive. Hence, possibly more important to appeal people's approbation, the normal channel for communication should not be barricaded by human's deliberately benevolent actions.
In sum, the phenomenon of the treatments to these gifted children is such a controversial one that certainly some of us, of course, might still cast some doubt on my analysis, but at least what I discussed above to some degree shake the adamantly held reverse belief, which is one of my main purposes writing such a frank issue. The other one is something naïve that I hope more and more experts should excise to discern the talented ones and emancipate them out of the tragic drop, just because every one should share the same sense that they are no doubt the unique resources the God bestowed to us and once missed no measure can be compensated for the huge loss, left only silent cries. (809 words)
評析：范文采用“故做深沉”的開頭方式，從社會上某些專家的爭議引出話題，并在首段末作出明確回應(yīng)，從而確保切題，值得考生引以為鑒。緊接著作者按上述“三段論”模式一一就“理由”、“后果”與“問題”采取不同方式的論證來實(shí)現(xiàn)，從而使文章在結(jié)構(gòu)上呈現(xiàn)出多元化和周到性，給閱卷人一種“堅(jiān)不可摧”的震懾力，保證了論證的嚴(yán)密和條理。同時，本文的“因果論證”和“事例論證”也是堪稱一絕的，讀者可以反復(fù)體會一下如何實(shí)現(xiàn)多方位，多角度的論證手段來加固自己的長城。
(2) WHICH ONE類：題干中明確要求考生做“二選一”的選擇，比如：
99."In any realm of life—whether academic, social, business, or political-the only way to succeed is to take a practical, rather than an idealistic point of view. Pragmatic behavior guarantees survival, whereas idealistic views tend to be superceded by simpler, more immediate options."
由于是“二選一”，因而作文者有三種回應(yīng)傾向：選A，選B或A，B中和。那么我們可以提煉出兩種基本模式：
1、單選：1、選A(或B)的基本理由；2、選A的好處；3、相較之A，選B有什么壞處。
2、雙選：1、選A的基本理由和好處；2、選B的基本理由和好處；3、A和B同時兼?zhèn)涞暮锰帯?BR> 由于GRE作文開放式的話題，很少有東西“全壞”或“全好”，所以奉勸考生盡量學(xué)會使用“雙選”模式，但是有志于“創(chuàng)新”的同學(xué)可以嘗試用“單選”，它往往讓你的作文“另類而出彩”，前面已有范文作過示范，請予以參照。下面的范文選用重點(diǎn)掌握的“雙選”模式，讀者注意其論證構(gòu)思的過程。
(范文)
As one of the famous philosophers ever writes,“the dream leads our sights toward the future, and the practice make our sense recognize how far away we still have to strive for.”During the recent decades, experts gradually have been divided into two opposite cults respectively holds their own belief of idealism and empiricism, and through thousands of fervid controversies the latter seems having dominated the optimal status after showing the corroborative evidence stems from the practical exemplar in the process of society constructions. But, in my point of view, in this practical and competitive world, being practical is essential to one's survival, yet ideals give us a direction in our pursuit of success.
We can with no difficulty to find out the obvious fact that any human undertaking irrespective of the hard facts and rules of reality is destined to failure. Under the nib of Cervantes，the well known Spanish fiction writer, we clearly see the antic portrait of an eccentric man named Don Quixote equipped with mid-aged sword and lance just like a cavalier following by his allegiant servant. Severe fantasy of warfare separated from the bucolic reality drives him to the desirous aspiration to shape himself to be a hero, which ultimately catalyzes his ingenuous thoughts into the abysmal hallucination that cannot be dispelled by anything directly results in his tragedy. The similar case also can be found in the early time of last century, when the efficient use of energy has been evolved to the most popular issue and its immense profits prospect incites thousands of top scientists devoted their life-long research into the study of“permanent mobile machine”, something that once being given even a minor ignorable energy can it operate eternally to produce endless energy as feedback, which at last after a long-range frustrated trials scientists find immediately contradicts the energy-permanence law, the natural principles applied to any existence in the world. Having realized the source of the failure, more attention should be threw onto the disciplines of action that focus on the conditional reality.
However, ideals give us hope and enthusiasm, lifting us to new heights and helping us to overcome self-imposed limitations. Today, most of the nations who embrace the world's most sophisticated scientific technology ought to, in a sense, thank for the scientifically idealistic writers' sharing their affluent wisdom and imagination with the vast populace. The super-acoustic airplanes, the man-seated spaceship, and the artificial intelligence now all steps out of the exotic episodes of fictions into our everyday life, in that inspirations themselves cannot automatically drop off from the empyrean but be quarried from the deep soul of everyone, not just only the scientists because that's the common obligation for all members of community who are equal to them at this point of exploration. Scientists' contribution lies with the gift that using those descriptive originally materials in their efforts in trying to put them into actuality. Without the idealistic raw materials given by our writers or even ordinary citizens, I believe that even though we had much more experienced scientists no break-neck innovations would be worked out abruptly change every facets of human life.
Since the both paths surely in certain directions overlap, the theory castle filled with a person or a nation can be both idealistic and pragmatic at the same time is thus surrounded by the untenable fosse. As a student, as soon as the beginning day of the semester my tutor always inculcate the pedagogy to me that any successful student should establish a further progress goal according to his or her own actual situation then you will know where you are intended to go and how much you have to go through for this attainment, as a typical case in point.
In sum, idealism and pragmatism cannot be arbitrarily secluded as absolute contrary but indeed the seemly explicit boundary between them is somewhat flexible rather than unutterably rigid. The most effective measure we should take in our practical action is then taking the former as the fundamental blueprint while the latter as the conditional base on which the former design can fulfill. (685 words)
(3) SINGLE類：單一結(jié)論類，或者頂多后面附加背景或原因，讓考生自己定奪的話題。這類是ISSUE多難的題，而且在這里沒有上述那么簡單可行的模式可以“僵硬”的套用，可以說這類文章才是考驗(yàn)?zāi)闼嫁q能力的東西。那么，是不是對于這種類型就無計(jì)可施，只能死背提綱？不絕對是，筆者自己潛心領(lǐng)悟練筆及與參詳諸“前輩”的真經(jīng)，發(fā)現(xiàn)盡管到了高境界，是“無招勝有招”，但是容易上手的潛在規(guī)律還是有的，總結(jié)下來，有以下三種：
1、方方面面式：分別就時空，地域或文明領(lǐng)域選3個不同性質(zhì)的方面配合事例論證來實(shí)現(xiàn)。具體如何實(shí)現(xiàn)筆者提供一篇范文供讀者參考：
4."No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study."
(范文)
Nowadays quite a lot colleges and universities have designed some humanistic curriculum providing as something compulsory to the scientific major students while to the literary major also a modest quantity of scientific courses have been given in order to balance the proportion of both knowledge ken. It certainly symbols a sign that different academic disciplines are gradually coming to across and the billow of the information currents is now blushing the explicit boundaries separating the major confluence, making them more and more ambiguous and impel them into the position of interrelated in that the knowledge of one field can sometimes shed beams of twilight on the studies of other fields.
As what is now more popular and acceptable by many successful entrepreneurs, the fresh idea of borrowing the dealing methods from mathematics to compensate the drawbacks of the traditional evaluation approaches used in the field of economy is displaying a unique glamorous charisma. For instance, ancient merchants nearly always had the headache to cope with the data treatment, which can help them to make clearly the trend of the offer-need relationship instructing them to adjust the weight of this relationship into approximately balanced avoiding the loss of the largely instilled investment. Obviously primitive arithmetical approaches like simple counting, enumerating, or assorted fundamental calculation including the plus, minus, multiply and divide must be far not enough, they were eager to conduce to a new convenient weapon specially trenchant to tamp this gap, so the quantitative methods accordingly born to dislodge the stranded commercial ship owing to generations of endless trials. Today's shrewd businessmen can easily deal with these problems just constitute a data repository in their own computers installed with the powerful exploited quantitative procedure software, no sooner do they enter the fluctuated data into the storehouse than a mobile accurate diagram immediately folded out in front of your sight, transforming with the change pace of the economy heart, surely the glamour of the collaboration of the two fields is.
If literary critics intend to put up a bulletin filled with some abstruse theory with their own unique clairvoyance, the principles of philosophy accumulated through several centuries are the best things they should consider to resort to further their study domain. As a famous American literary critic ever wrote in his latest book“Literature against Philosophy”, that both the subjects here concerned acts the roles of the brothers share in some common like the features of genes and attitudes towards outer evaluations, yet fight each other for the predominance of his own thinking rules in that the existence of the common and concordance mentioned above. Many literary works inevitable dips into the field of philosophy in the form of further exploring the deep ground of the hero or heroine's heart by depicting the countenance or the behavior deriving from his or her natural revelation, one of the eminent examples is the Mary Shelley's appealing fiction "Frankenstein", the adept almost near the surface of perfect description and metaphorical expression fixed thousands of reader's eyes and souls onto the monster's fate and the hero's imminent manic psyche, the philosophical analysis told us how it produces so hallucinating effect and weird atmosphere.
By the way, when biology and chemistry met, biochemistry came into being as a strong hybrid of the two independent parents. One of my best friends happens to be an excellent graduates major in bio-pharmacology, who once told me before entering the total systematic study of this newborn popular course, he must prepare the rationales of chemistry indispensable and necessary in later research assignments. After the collection of the blood samples, we should certainly not directly put them under the micro-instruments to observe and then make out the papers about analysis of the results, as a prerequisite our researchers have to import some chemical reagents as an additive instilling into the specimens to function with the blood ingredients, only after the process can we take them into analysis. Without the chemistry, biology is just a pond of backwater and vice versa, any bio-chemical scholar ought to taste the exceptional favor.
So much have been discussed in details covering three particular domains, in a sense, illustrates the interrelationship is the guarantee of the breakthrough of some certain academic topics, possibly in some special circumstances can also be generalized to a more broaden range. No field after all, I believe, can survive well surrounded by the asphyxiating academic buttress; the only escape is breaking it from outside. (744 words)
點(diǎn)評：范文分別就經(jīng)濟(jì)、文學(xué)及自然科學(xué)3個不同領(lǐng)域展開論證，實(shí)現(xiàn)了有效而全面的論證。
2、層層深入式：首先樹立起自己論證的對象，然后通過論證手段披露對象的特點(diǎn)，后進(jìn)行全面進(jìn)攻。請參考以下范文：
161."In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
(范文)
Hero, the elites of our human groups, are all time alive in any level of social stages. But, following the break-neck development of various fields of technology, a serial of problems accordingly come to bog us, one of them is the exclamation of the phenomenon-dilution of the concept "hero". As what is asserted at top line, heroes are not vacant at any time, so what's the root of this dramatic fact? Media, the media; just as a result of this modern product exorcises the long inherited convention of hero idolization.
In our childhood, what we most like to hear about is the splendid experiences of our famous predecessors, like George Washington, the primary president of United States, who also contributes large amount out of assessment to the final independence of the nation. Almost hardly to remember how many times having acclaimed for this or that miracle in his war life, and the ambition illuminated from his encouraging stories, we still, however, remain the tepid admiration even until today. While, let us have a look at today's conditions, heroes have been drawn by huge piles of information garbage, and the real ones deserved our fervid accolade even finally loses his favor by the collision of fashionable value-evaluate trend, such as the currents of idolization towards those film stars.
No deniably, the unique price of hero is now decrying, which never can be evaluated at the same scale as ever before, owing to the overwhelming power to concoct crowds of meretricious "heroes" by media. Information, the fundamental source of people have to every day rely on, is the major products like other commodities of the media corporation; then as a result, the quality and reality extent is wholly mastered under the control of the media propaganda, so long as the publication is strong enough, even sun can someday legitimately rise from the west horizon. How can citizens tolerate such rules of operation to be compliant to these absurd tricks and consequently become their allegiant followers?
And taking the instance of those who really could be responsible for the entitled appellation of "hero", due to the overexposure of nearly each dimension of their lives (such as privacy, ordinary schedule, the sum of his property, so on and so forth), no singularity can he or she gives to us to enable us to respect them at all. Most of our primordial respects stems from the presumption of their particularity or characteristics, which always occluded to public as an abstruse mystery, but once the born of media and the authorization for it to freely reveal every corner of everything, the mysterious ages are destined to not drive back again. Just like awakening from a sweet dream, people will find the hero idolized so many years is merely a person too ordinary to be absolutely discriminated from we these similarly ordinary ones. And with the disappearance of these veiled dreams, "hero" eternally eludes into the history of past.
From the principles of natural laws, not a single type of species can be originated as personal will, nor with the extinction of certain phylum, while the media is trying their best to challenge against these "gold laws" to evince his revolutionary magic. Nevertheless, real hero will never miss his merited title of hero if he equips the quality, I always believe, no matter what is he under the embellishment of the magical media and how lonely he might taste. (572 words)
點(diǎn)評：該模式關(guān)鍵在于有心逐步深入的披露，從表及里，一波強(qiáng)過一波，在“反對”中用的比較普遍。
3、因果論證式：首先說明對象造成的一個原因，然后引出對于現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的影響和作用，后對上述論證進(jìn)行加固或者補(bǔ)充(對于論證中的可能漏洞進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ))。同樣我們用范文向大家示范：
235."Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force."
(范文)
Once I participated a speech given by a famous local entrepreneur, who rose from exactly bare hands. The word brands me most is "loyalty", the very one we hardly dabble and almost reaches the edge of oblivion but instead no negligence is deserve. How can this concept bridge the relation with the huge lope of his life? Loyalty makes one stick to a goal without any fickleness until achievement, which has won a lot much for him including friendship, dependability and love. Ironically, today's people is becoming more and more "sagacious" to plan for themselves better, holding the principles of choosing best, moving fastest, and snatching most; in other words, loyalty is degenerated into a totem of stubborn stereotype inadaptable for the society of profits first.
Is that modern theory "true"? And what about the success of that admiring entrepreneur? Something people primarily should understand is the indispensability of credence active among human community for the perpetuity of humanistic relationship, which to a large extent stems from this loyalty. No exaggeration I have made to emphasize its paramount function to personal survival, either from the fable or history we can learn the lesson. But now I would like to continue to elicit the example of that manager upstairs. When he is still an employee working for this consult company (before he climbed up to the top rung of the company committee), there was a huge recession leading to a total profits declination in this operating domain, in the end results almost all elites of the company to make a job exchange except him. His persistent determination was for nothing but loyalty, of his indebtedness form his boss, of his enamored undertaking tolerating for no intermittence, of his adherence to goal successful for sure. And fact tells us everything, as each audience can see, he did.
Not only to individual the quality of loyalty can push one into the acme of his career following with winsome reputation, but also to community the crucial pillar to support the sculpture of serenity goddess. Once separated from the loyalty, credence also accordingly right away being crushed under the wheels of history cart, and then the concomitant condition can be imagined as this: various associations would be certainly collapsed under the circumstance deprived of dependability, each one discredits the motive of action from anyone else, talking is evolved into a serial of satirical assaults, compassion sounds more like a snicker, and ultimately ineluctably the human society is degraded into a state of depravity. Is this the community we each of us want to live in? Is this the situation we each of us want to make realized? If your answer is negative-just like mine-then please retrospect your conscience to retrieve this precious virtue of "loyalty".
While the merits of loyalty have been corroborated here so strongly, admittedly, however, loyalty applied only to the legitimate partner or purpose, not involves the malign ones, somehow or other the effect will surely arrive at the surprising reverse. For instance, from the point of penal law, excluding the major miscreants who abet the underlings to commit guilt, the adherent to follow his felony, even if he never directly join in the crime doing on the spot, but as a result of his ancillary work, he should also assume a certain quantity of the great responsibility, which might mean him a ferocity of being disenfranchised, or at the same time to enjoy his later few years' prime time in the jail. The tragedy is so natural for most of us that admonishing clock is being struck; the high time for us to wake up from the sequacious loyalty is coming.
Overall, the virtue of loyalty is one of the fundamental factor heading for our prosperous tomorrow, despite its contain of some potential stygian side effect turning to the malicious dimension, yet no doubt it deserves to be advocated to learn for the brace of the beneficial development of both single person and gross society. Like the rationale of any medicine we take normally, no one of us will stop to ingest pills of penicillin just because its possible allergy to some particular patients, after all its application and efficacy is indelible. (700 words)
點(diǎn)評：這篇文章二段直接闡述原因，三段論述必要性，四段對其中的例外進(jìn)行彌補(bǔ)，客觀地指出非通用性，從而保證了全文強(qiáng)大的說服力。