解讀“toone’s+情感類名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

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一、該結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能
    “ to +one's + 情感類名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中常用作插入語,表示說話人的態(tài)度、觀點等。一般位于句首,并用逗號將其與句子的主干部分分隔開,其作用相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語,句子的主干部分是引起這一結(jié)果的原因。同學(xué)們?nèi)裟茉跁姹磉_中適當(dāng)運用這一結(jié)構(gòu),可以增強文章的感染力。例如:
    To my surprise, I was the first one to come to the classroom this morning.
    使我感到驚訝的是,今天早上我是第一個來到教室的。
    To his parents' disappointment, he failed in the exam.
    令他父母失望的是,他沒有通過這次考試。
    二、用于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的情感類名詞
    用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞通常是一些表示高興、驚訝、悲傷、滿意、失望、遺憾等表示情感的名詞。常見的主要有: astonishment (驚訝), amazement (驚愕), annoyance (煩惱,惱火), delight (高興), dismay (驚慌、愕然), disappointment (失望), joy (高興), relief (欣慰,釋然), regret (遺憾), surprise (驚訝), satisfaction (滿意), sorrow (悲傷)等。例如:
    To my great relief, the difficulties were all overcome.
    使我感到欣慰的是,困難全都克服了。
    To our amazement, the face of the city keeps on changing every day.
    令我們大為驚異的是,這座城市的面貌每天都在發(fā)生變化。
    三、該結(jié)構(gòu)與其它結(jié)構(gòu)的替換
    這一結(jié)構(gòu)可轉(zhuǎn)換為“ to the + 情感類名詞+ of sb ”。例如:
    “ To the great joy of me, I pick up a lot of passengers during rush hours, ” said the taxi driver. 出租車司機說:“令我開心的是,高峰時期我拉到了很多乘客?!?BR>    To the delight of the teacher, some of his students become engineers.
    令這位老師高興的是,他的一些學(xué)生成為了工程師。
    四、該結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句式
    “ to one's + 情感類名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的強調(diào)句式有兩種: 1. 在介詞 to 前面加 much 來加強程度; 2. 在情感類名詞前用 great, deep 等形容詞修飾。例如:
    Much to my annoyance, he kept silent about some of the things that happened at school.
    令我大為惱火的是,他對在學(xué)校發(fā)生的一些事情保持沉默。
    To his deep sorrow, his grandfather died in a car accident yesterday.
    令他悲痛萬分的是,他爺爺昨天死于車禍。