98年4月section 1
1．【中文釋義】盡管很多十九世紀(jì)的俄羅斯作曲家支持新出現(xiàn)的民族風(fēng)格，但其他作曲家并不放棄傳統(tǒng)的俄羅斯音樂風(fēng)格，相反擴(kuò)增了傳統(tǒng)西歐浪漫音樂語(yǔ)言的數(shù)量。
【解題分析】many Russian composers和other composers構(gòu)成對(duì)比，故上句為 contributed to emerging national style 簡(jiǎn)單理解為“支持新事物”，而下句為idiomatic Russian musical elements 簡(jiǎn)單理解為"傳統(tǒng)的老的事物“，與上句對(duì)比，可以選c,d。第二空格是分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，重復(fù)前文的”不反對(duì)老事物“，又由于它的賓語(yǔ)是”traditional musical vocabulary"故應(yīng)該填“支持老事物”以重復(fù)前文，答案選d。請(qǐng)注意原文中的emerging ,idiomatic,traditimal的三次轉(zhuǎn)換。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】idiomatic 1: of, relating to, or conforming to idiom 2: peculiar to a particular group, individual, or style —— id.i.o.mat.i.cal.ly adv —— id.i.o.mat.ic.ness n
emerging 1: to become manifest 2: to rise from or as if from an enveloping fluid: come out into view 3: to rise from an obscure or inferior position or condition 4: to come into being through evolution
contribute 1: to give or supply in common with others 2: to supply (as an article) for a publication ~ vi 1 a: to give a part to a common fund or store b: to play a significant part in bringing about an end or result 2: to submit articles to a publication —— con.trib.u.tor n
2．【中文釋義】因?yàn)楫嫾野柌?皮郝姆.雷達(dá)沉浸在他對(duì)完美的追求中，所以他很少對(duì)一幅畫滿意，總是在同一張帆布上創(chuàng)作出同一個(gè)場(chǎng)景的無(wú)休無(wú)止的不同表達(dá)，一個(gè)覆蓋著另外一個(gè)。
【解題分析】第二空格后為分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，重復(fù)第二空格的內(nèi)容，意為一次又一次地重新畫一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，可以得出他對(duì)剛完成的畫立刻不滿意，又重新畫一遍這個(gè)推論，故選a。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】obsess obsessus, pp. of obsidere to frequent, besiege, fr. ob- against sedere to sit——more at ob-, sit] vt (1531): to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of ~ vi: to engage in obsessive thinking: become obsessed with an idea
3.【中文釋義】客觀公正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以起到對(duì)醫(yī)生的保護(hù)傘的作用，為他們提供當(dāng)遭受不公正的誤診控告時(shí)的保護(hù)措施。
【解題分析】providing是分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，重復(fù)前文它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是objectively set standards 故可以理解為“客觀的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為醫(yī)生提供了一個(gè)”。請(qǐng)注意空格動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是unjustified malpractice.正好出現(xiàn)了“unjustified”這個(gè)objective的反義詞。故問題迎刃而解，客觀公正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)然反對(duì)不公正的指控，故選e。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】claim 1 a: to ask for esp. as a right <~ed the inheritance> b: to call for: require c: take 16b 2: to take as the rightful owner 3 a: to assert in the face of possible contradiction: maintain <~ed that he'd been cheated> b: to claim to have c: to assert to be rightfully one's own <~ed responsibility for the attack>
safeguard 1 a: pass, safe-conduct b: convoy, escort 2 a: a precautionary measure, stipulation, or device b: a technical contrivance to prevent accident 2safeguard vt (15c) 1: to provide a safeguard for 2: to make safe: protect syn see defend
4．【中文釋義】盡管報(bào)紙的評(píng)論無(wú)精打采，這次戲劇演出卻被熱情的觀眾們從被人遺忘中拯救出來，這些觀眾的洞察力總是強(qiáng)于那些評(píng)論家。
【解題分析】第二個(gè)空格的by 短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)常見的解題點(diǎn)，熱情的聽眾永遠(yuǎn)熱情，當(dāng)然不會(huì)淡忘這部分作品，故可選a,c,e。后半句的比較結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上就在提示著評(píng)論家和觀眾是對(duì)立的，所以第一空格填評(píng)論家們的態(tài)度，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該填不好的態(tài)度，c正確。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】acumen n (ca. 1580): keenness and depth of perception, discernment, or discrimination esp. in practical matters: shrewdness syn see discernment
lukewarm 1: moderately warm: tepid 2: lacking conviction: halfhearted —— luke.warm.ly adv —— luke.warm.ness n
lackluster adj (1600): lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality: dull, mediocre —— lackluster n
5.【中文釋義】愛和傲慢的情緒通常會(huì)在同一人身上發(fā)現(xiàn)，但卻毫無(wú)共同之處。即使不是相互摧毀，它們通常也是相互削弱的。
【解題分析】having little in common是其后句子的句首狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故選d ，答案b錯(cuò)在和緊隨其后的分隔相沖突。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】embrase 1 a: to clasp in the arms: hug b: cherish, love 2: encircle, enclose 3 a: to take up esp. readily or gladly <~ a cause> b: to avail oneself of: welcome 4 a: to take in or include as a part, item, or element of a more inclusive whole b: to be equal or equivalent to ~ vi: to participate in an embrace syn see adopt, include —— embrace.able adj —— em.brace.ment n —— em.brac.er n —— em.brac.ing.ly adv 2embrace n (1592) 1: a close encircling with the arms and pressure to the bosom esp. as a sign of affection: hug 2: grip, encirclement 3: acceptance
passion n (13c) 1 often cap a: the sufferings of Christ between the night of the Last Supper and his death b: an oratorio based on a gospel narrative of the Passion 2 obs: suffering 3: the state or capacity of being acted on by external agents or forces 4 a (1): emotion (2) pl: the emotions as distinguished from reason b: intense, driving, or overmastering feeling or conviction c: an outbreak of anger 5 a: ardent affection: love b: a strong liking or desire for or devotion to some activity, object, or concept c: sexual desire d: an object of desire or deep interest —— pas.sion.less adj
annihilate1 a: to cause to be of no effect: nullify b: to destroy the substance or force of 2: to regard as of no consequence 3: to cause to cease to exist; esp: kill 4 a: to destroy a considerable part of b: to vanquish completely: rout ~ vi, of a particle and its antiparticle: to vanish or cease to exist by coming together and changing into other forms of energy (as radiation or particles) —— an.ni.hi.la.tion n —— an.ni.hi.la.tor n —— an.ni.hi.la.to.ry adj
6【中文釋義】建立觀察時(shí)所需的分類目錄的必然性往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)企圖來作絕對(duì)的分類，而現(xiàn)實(shí)中往往只是漸變現(xiàn)象。
【解題分析】leads to 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)在No.7第一套section 1的第六題就出現(xiàn)過，與這一題的考法完全一致，continue,remain ,lead to都會(huì)產(chǎn)生同義詞; become,trasition,change都會(huì)導(dǎo)致反義詞。應(yīng)該將discrete填到第一空格，答案為c。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】discrete 1: constituting a separate entity: individually distinct 2 a: consisting of distinct or unconnected elements: noncontinuous b: taking on or having a finite or countably infinite number of values <~ probabilities> syn see distinct —— dis.crete.ly adv
digression ) 1: the act or an instance of digressing in a discourse or other usu. organized literary work 2 archaic: a going aside —— di.gres.sion.al adj —— di.gres.sion.ary adj
gradation 1 a: a series forming successive stages b: a step or place in an ordered scale 2: an advance by regular degrees 3: a gradual passing from one tint or shade to another 4: the act or process of grading 5: ablaut —— gra.da.tion.al adj —— gra.da.tion.al.ly adv
ambiguity 1 a: the quality or state of being ambiguous esp. in meaning b: an ambiguous word or expression 2: uncertainty
7．【中文釋義】在phaistos的Minoan 遺址所發(fā)現(xiàn)的獨(dú)特的泥板通常被學(xué)者們舉證為最早的印刷的例子，這些學(xué)者支持這泥板（第一塊印刷品）的權(quán)利，盡管有很多同等的觀點(diǎn)支持其它印刷的人工制品。
【解題分析】by的解題方法又一次出現(xiàn)，by 前要填學(xué)者的動(dòng)作，而by后告訴這個(gè)動(dòng)作"defened its claim to this status"。its指代的是clay disk, claim的意思是“特性”, this status 指上文的"as the earliest example", 故下句明確說明學(xué)者們defend即支持clay disk 具有這種特征。所以上句仍應(yīng)為學(xué)者們認(rèn)可支持這種看法。事實(shí)上despite之后說得更明確，轉(zhuǎn)折之后支持other printing artifacts, 所以上文的學(xué)者當(dāng)然是支持上文的clay disk為earliest example.正確答案為c。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】adduce : to offer as example, reason, or proof in discussion or analysis —— ad.duc.er n
concede 1: to grant as a right or privilege 2 a: to accept as true, valid, or accurate b: to acknowledge grudgingly or hesitantly ~ vi: to make concession: yield syn see grant —— con.ced.ed.ly adv —— con.ced.er n
98年4月section 4
1．【中文釋義】違反道德準(zhǔn)則的懲罰比遵守道德準(zhǔn)則的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)更普遍，因此，遵守準(zhǔn)則在社會(huì)中總是不被人注意。
【解題分析】分號(hào)句上句談到了破壞和遵守道德準(zhǔn)則兩種行為，所以分號(hào)句下半句重復(fù)時(shí)，只有這兩種可能性，可選b,d ,e；d 和e這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是講破壞道德準(zhǔn)則，所以應(yīng)該遭受到懲罰，而第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)都未能表達(dá)出這個(gè)意思，b選項(xiàng)表達(dá)只遵守準(zhǔn)則但卻不受到表?yè)P(yáng)，也就是 unnoticed. 正確答案是b。
2【中文釋義】同情心是對(duì)正義的一個(gè)巨大的關(guān)懷：我們往往同情那些遭受無(wú)辜苦難的人。
【解題分析】冒號(hào)后表示重復(fù)，pity即重復(fù)上文的compassion ,空格應(yīng)該針對(duì)justise這個(gè)概念，故選e。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】unwittingly 1: not knowing: unaware 2: not intended: inadvertent —— un.wit.ting.ly adv vicariously 1 a: serving instead of someone or something else b: that has been delegated <~ authority> 2: performed or suffered by one person as a substitute for another or to the benefit or advantage of another: substitutionary 3: experienced or realized through imaginative or sympathetic participation in the experience of another 4: occurring in an unexpected or abnormal part of the body instead of the usual one —— vi.car.i.ous.ly adv —— vi.car.i.ous.ness n
3【中文釋義】他的論文地展示了他對(duì)系統(tǒng)研究方法的鄙夷不屑，他的論文被廣為反對(duì)主要就是因?yàn)樗膮⒖紩疃嘀皇菢?gòu)成了對(duì)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的主要著作的隨機(jī)的研究。
【解題分析】分析主干可知空格應(yīng)和disdain for a systematic approach吻合，答案為e。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】meticulous : marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details syn see careful —— me.tic.u.los.i.ty n —— me.tic.u.lous.ly adv —— me.tic.u.lous.ness n
haphazard : chance 2haphazard adj (1671): marked by lack of plan, order, or direction syn see random —— haphazard adv —— hap.haz.ard.ly adv —— hap.haz.ard.ness n —— hap.haz.ard.ry n
4【中文釋義】與人們過去對(duì)待兒童學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言行為的漠不關(guān)心構(gòu)成了強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比，這種學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生的過程現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為仔細(xì)研究的對(duì)象。
【解題分析】第一空格后的with和regard構(gòu)成詞組regard with, 故第一空格填某種態(tài)度，第二空格填一種相反態(tài)度。構(gòu)成一組相反態(tài)度的為b。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】acquisition 1: the act of acquiring 2: something acquired or gained —— ac.qui.si.tion.al adj —— ac.quis.i.tor n
scrutiny 1: a searching study, inquiry, or inspection: examination 2: a searching look 3: close watch: surveillance
5【中文釋義】這位議員的聲明 她對(duì)是否參加第二屆連任競(jìng)選仍未下決心 是很可信的，考慮到她的競(jìng)選委員會(huì)的極為冷淡的集資活動(dòng)。
【解題分析】given 表示因果關(guān)系，答案為 d 。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】clandestine : marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy: surreptitious syn see secret —— clan.des.tine.ly adv —— clan.des.tine.ness n —— clan.des.tin.i.ty n
apathetic 1: having or showing little or no feeling or emotion: spiritless 2: having little or no interest or concern: indifferent syn see impassive —— ap.a.thet.i.cal.ly adv
straight.for.ward adj (1806) 1 a: free from evasiveness or obscurity: exact, candid b: clear-cut, precise 2: proceeding in a straight course or manner: direct, undeviating —— straight.for.ward.ly adv —— straight.for.ward.ness n 2straightforward also straight.for.wards adv (1809): in a straightforward manner enerdetic
6【中文釋義】直到最近，對(duì)糖尿病的研究一直作為一種抑制疾病的手段，嘗試改進(jìn)治療效果，主要因?yàn)楦緵]有預(yù)防性的方案看上去是可行的。
【解題分析】as a kind of holding action修飾下文，holding action為抑制作用的意思。與下文的 preventive strategy相比：一個(gè)是疾病發(fā)生前的預(yù)防措施，另一個(gè)則應(yīng)為疾病發(fā)生后的抑制疾病危害的治療手段。第一空格為 d 。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】
1hold
hold back vt (1535) 1: to hinder the progress or achievement of: restrain 2: to refrain from revealing or parting with ~ vi 1: to keep oneself in check 2: to refrain from revealing or parting with something
hold-down n (1888) 1: something used to fasten an object in place 2 a: an act of holding down b: limit
hold down vt (1533) 1: to keep within limits 2: to assume the responsibility for
hold off vt (15c) 1: to block from an objective: delay 2: to defer action on: postpone 3: to fight to a standoff: withstand ~ vi: to defer or temporarily stop doing something
hold over vi (1647): to continue (as in office) for a prolonged period ~ vt 1 a: postpone, defer b: to retain in a condition or position from an earlier period 2: to prolong the engagement of
hold up vt (1851) 1: to rob at gunpoint 2: delay, impede 3: to call attention to: single out ~ vi: to continue in the same condition without failing or losing effectiveness or force
hold on vi (13c) 1 a: to maintain a condition or position: persist b: to maintain a grasp on something: hang on 2: to await something (as a telephone connection) desired or requested; broadly: wait —— hold on to : to maintain possession of or adherence to
hold out vi (1585) 1: to remain unsubdued or operative: continue to cope or function 2: to refuse to go along with others in a concerted action or to come to an agreement ~ vt 1: to present as something realizable: proffer 2: to represent to be —— hold out on : to withhold something (as information) from
7【中文釋義】大多數(shù)植物在地理分布上展示了不連續(xù)性：通常一個(gè)物種可以在很大的地理區(qū)域中找到，但是在那個(gè)地域范圍內(nèi)，一個(gè)個(gè)植物群落卻是非常分散的。
【解題分析】第一空格后的介詞短語(yǔ)為in their geographical distribution，故空格中所填的詞為某種分布特征，進(jìn)一步可知冒號(hào)后應(yīng)從分布特征的角度去閱讀。冒號(hào)前后表達(dá)的分布特征相同的是答案a。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】uniformity 1: the quality or state of being uniform 2: an instance of uniformity
1．【中文釋義】盡管很多十九世紀(jì)的俄羅斯作曲家支持新出現(xiàn)的民族風(fēng)格，但其他作曲家并不放棄傳統(tǒng)的俄羅斯音樂風(fēng)格，相反擴(kuò)增了傳統(tǒng)西歐浪漫音樂語(yǔ)言的數(shù)量。
【解題分析】many Russian composers和other composers構(gòu)成對(duì)比，故上句為 contributed to emerging national style 簡(jiǎn)單理解為“支持新事物”，而下句為idiomatic Russian musical elements 簡(jiǎn)單理解為"傳統(tǒng)的老的事物“，與上句對(duì)比，可以選c,d。第二空格是分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，重復(fù)前文的”不反對(duì)老事物“，又由于它的賓語(yǔ)是”traditional musical vocabulary"故應(yīng)該填“支持老事物”以重復(fù)前文，答案選d。請(qǐng)注意原文中的emerging ,idiomatic,traditimal的三次轉(zhuǎn)換。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】idiomatic 1: of, relating to, or conforming to idiom 2: peculiar to a particular group, individual, or style —— id.i.o.mat.i.cal.ly adv —— id.i.o.mat.ic.ness n
emerging 1: to become manifest 2: to rise from or as if from an enveloping fluid: come out into view 3: to rise from an obscure or inferior position or condition 4: to come into being through evolution
contribute 1: to give or supply in common with others 2: to supply (as an article) for a publication ~ vi 1 a: to give a part to a common fund or store b: to play a significant part in bringing about an end or result 2: to submit articles to a publication —— con.trib.u.tor n
2．【中文釋義】因?yàn)楫嫾野柌?皮郝姆.雷達(dá)沉浸在他對(duì)完美的追求中，所以他很少對(duì)一幅畫滿意，總是在同一張帆布上創(chuàng)作出同一個(gè)場(chǎng)景的無(wú)休無(wú)止的不同表達(dá)，一個(gè)覆蓋著另外一個(gè)。
【解題分析】第二空格后為分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，重復(fù)第二空格的內(nèi)容，意為一次又一次地重新畫一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，可以得出他對(duì)剛完成的畫立刻不滿意，又重新畫一遍這個(gè)推論，故選a。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】obsess obsessus, pp. of obsidere to frequent, besiege, fr. ob- against sedere to sit——more at ob-, sit] vt (1531): to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of ~ vi: to engage in obsessive thinking: become obsessed with an idea
3.【中文釋義】客觀公正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以起到對(duì)醫(yī)生的保護(hù)傘的作用，為他們提供當(dāng)遭受不公正的誤診控告時(shí)的保護(hù)措施。
【解題分析】providing是分隔結(jié)構(gòu)，重復(fù)前文它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是objectively set standards 故可以理解為“客觀的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為醫(yī)生提供了一個(gè)”。請(qǐng)注意空格動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是unjustified malpractice.正好出現(xiàn)了“unjustified”這個(gè)objective的反義詞。故問題迎刃而解，客觀公正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)然反對(duì)不公正的指控，故選e。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】claim 1 a: to ask for esp. as a right <~ed the inheritance> b: to call for: require c: take 16b 2: to take as the rightful owner 3 a: to assert in the face of possible contradiction: maintain <~ed that he'd been cheated> b: to claim to have c: to assert to be rightfully one's own <~ed responsibility for the attack>
safeguard 1 a: pass, safe-conduct b: convoy, escort 2 a: a precautionary measure, stipulation, or device b: a technical contrivance to prevent accident 2safeguard vt (15c) 1: to provide a safeguard for 2: to make safe: protect syn see defend
4．【中文釋義】盡管報(bào)紙的評(píng)論無(wú)精打采，這次戲劇演出卻被熱情的觀眾們從被人遺忘中拯救出來，這些觀眾的洞察力總是強(qiáng)于那些評(píng)論家。
【解題分析】第二個(gè)空格的by 短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)常見的解題點(diǎn)，熱情的聽眾永遠(yuǎn)熱情，當(dāng)然不會(huì)淡忘這部分作品，故可選a,c,e。后半句的比較結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上就在提示著評(píng)論家和觀眾是對(duì)立的，所以第一空格填評(píng)論家們的態(tài)度，當(dāng)然應(yīng)該填不好的態(tài)度，c正確。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】acumen n (ca. 1580): keenness and depth of perception, discernment, or discrimination esp. in practical matters: shrewdness syn see discernment
lukewarm 1: moderately warm: tepid 2: lacking conviction: halfhearted —— luke.warm.ly adv —— luke.warm.ness n
lackluster adj (1600): lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality: dull, mediocre —— lackluster n
5.【中文釋義】愛和傲慢的情緒通常會(huì)在同一人身上發(fā)現(xiàn)，但卻毫無(wú)共同之處。即使不是相互摧毀，它們通常也是相互削弱的。
【解題分析】having little in common是其后句子的句首狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故選d ，答案b錯(cuò)在和緊隨其后的分隔相沖突。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】embrase 1 a: to clasp in the arms: hug b: cherish, love 2: encircle, enclose 3 a: to take up esp. readily or gladly <~ a cause> b: to avail oneself of: welcome 4 a: to take in or include as a part, item, or element of a more inclusive whole b: to be equal or equivalent to ~ vi: to participate in an embrace syn see adopt, include —— embrace.able adj —— em.brace.ment n —— em.brac.er n —— em.brac.ing.ly adv 2embrace n (1592) 1: a close encircling with the arms and pressure to the bosom esp. as a sign of affection: hug 2: grip, encirclement 3: acceptance
passion n (13c) 1 often cap a: the sufferings of Christ between the night of the Last Supper and his death b: an oratorio based on a gospel narrative of the Passion 2 obs: suffering 3: the state or capacity of being acted on by external agents or forces 4 a (1): emotion (2) pl: the emotions as distinguished from reason b: intense, driving, or overmastering feeling or conviction c: an outbreak of anger 5 a: ardent affection: love b: a strong liking or desire for or devotion to some activity, object, or concept c: sexual desire d: an object of desire or deep interest —— pas.sion.less adj
annihilate1 a: to cause to be of no effect: nullify b: to destroy the substance or force of 2: to regard as of no consequence 3: to cause to cease to exist; esp: kill 4 a: to destroy a considerable part of b: to vanquish completely: rout ~ vi, of a particle and its antiparticle: to vanish or cease to exist by coming together and changing into other forms of energy (as radiation or particles) —— an.ni.hi.la.tion n —— an.ni.hi.la.tor n —— an.ni.hi.la.to.ry adj
6【中文釋義】建立觀察時(shí)所需的分類目錄的必然性往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)企圖來作絕對(duì)的分類，而現(xiàn)實(shí)中往往只是漸變現(xiàn)象。
【解題分析】leads to 這個(gè)短語(yǔ)在No.7第一套section 1的第六題就出現(xiàn)過，與這一題的考法完全一致，continue,remain ,lead to都會(huì)產(chǎn)生同義詞; become,trasition,change都會(huì)導(dǎo)致反義詞。應(yīng)該將discrete填到第一空格，答案為c。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】discrete 1: constituting a separate entity: individually distinct 2 a: consisting of distinct or unconnected elements: noncontinuous b: taking on or having a finite or countably infinite number of values <~ probabilities> syn see distinct —— dis.crete.ly adv
digression ) 1: the act or an instance of digressing in a discourse or other usu. organized literary work 2 archaic: a going aside —— di.gres.sion.al adj —— di.gres.sion.ary adj
gradation 1 a: a series forming successive stages b: a step or place in an ordered scale 2: an advance by regular degrees 3: a gradual passing from one tint or shade to another 4: the act or process of grading 5: ablaut —— gra.da.tion.al adj —— gra.da.tion.al.ly adv
ambiguity 1 a: the quality or state of being ambiguous esp. in meaning b: an ambiguous word or expression 2: uncertainty
7．【中文釋義】在phaistos的Minoan 遺址所發(fā)現(xiàn)的獨(dú)特的泥板通常被學(xué)者們舉證為最早的印刷的例子，這些學(xué)者支持這泥板（第一塊印刷品）的權(quán)利，盡管有很多同等的觀點(diǎn)支持其它印刷的人工制品。
【解題分析】by的解題方法又一次出現(xiàn)，by 前要填學(xué)者的動(dòng)作，而by后告訴這個(gè)動(dòng)作"defened its claim to this status"。its指代的是clay disk, claim的意思是“特性”, this status 指上文的"as the earliest example", 故下句明確說明學(xué)者們defend即支持clay disk 具有這種特征。所以上句仍應(yīng)為學(xué)者們認(rèn)可支持這種看法。事實(shí)上despite之后說得更明確，轉(zhuǎn)折之后支持other printing artifacts, 所以上文的學(xué)者當(dāng)然是支持上文的clay disk為earliest example.正確答案為c。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】adduce : to offer as example, reason, or proof in discussion or analysis —— ad.duc.er n
concede 1: to grant as a right or privilege 2 a: to accept as true, valid, or accurate b: to acknowledge grudgingly or hesitantly ~ vi: to make concession: yield syn see grant —— con.ced.ed.ly adv —— con.ced.er n
98年4月section 4
1．【中文釋義】違反道德準(zhǔn)則的懲罰比遵守道德準(zhǔn)則的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)更普遍，因此，遵守準(zhǔn)則在社會(huì)中總是不被人注意。
【解題分析】分號(hào)句上句談到了破壞和遵守道德準(zhǔn)則兩種行為，所以分號(hào)句下半句重復(fù)時(shí)，只有這兩種可能性，可選b,d ,e；d 和e這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是講破壞道德準(zhǔn)則，所以應(yīng)該遭受到懲罰，而第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)都未能表達(dá)出這個(gè)意思，b選項(xiàng)表達(dá)只遵守準(zhǔn)則但卻不受到表?yè)P(yáng)，也就是 unnoticed. 正確答案是b。
2【中文釋義】同情心是對(duì)正義的一個(gè)巨大的關(guān)懷：我們往往同情那些遭受無(wú)辜苦難的人。
【解題分析】冒號(hào)后表示重復(fù)，pity即重復(fù)上文的compassion ,空格應(yīng)該針對(duì)justise這個(gè)概念，故選e。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】unwittingly 1: not knowing: unaware 2: not intended: inadvertent —— un.wit.ting.ly adv vicariously 1 a: serving instead of someone or something else b: that has been delegated <~ authority> 2: performed or suffered by one person as a substitute for another or to the benefit or advantage of another: substitutionary 3: experienced or realized through imaginative or sympathetic participation in the experience of another 4: occurring in an unexpected or abnormal part of the body instead of the usual one —— vi.car.i.ous.ly adv —— vi.car.i.ous.ness n
3【中文釋義】他的論文地展示了他對(duì)系統(tǒng)研究方法的鄙夷不屑，他的論文被廣為反對(duì)主要就是因?yàn)樗膮⒖紩疃嘀皇菢?gòu)成了對(duì)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的主要著作的隨機(jī)的研究。
【解題分析】分析主干可知空格應(yīng)和disdain for a systematic approach吻合，答案為e。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】meticulous : marked by extreme or excessive care in the consideration or treatment of details syn see careful —— me.tic.u.los.i.ty n —— me.tic.u.lous.ly adv —— me.tic.u.lous.ness n
haphazard : chance 2haphazard adj (1671): marked by lack of plan, order, or direction syn see random —— haphazard adv —— hap.haz.ard.ly adv —— hap.haz.ard.ness n —— hap.haz.ard.ry n
4【中文釋義】與人們過去對(duì)待兒童學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言行為的漠不關(guān)心構(gòu)成了強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比，這種學(xué)習(xí)發(fā)生的過程現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為仔細(xì)研究的對(duì)象。
【解題分析】第一空格后的with和regard構(gòu)成詞組regard with, 故第一空格填某種態(tài)度，第二空格填一種相反態(tài)度。構(gòu)成一組相反態(tài)度的為b。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】acquisition 1: the act of acquiring 2: something acquired or gained —— ac.qui.si.tion.al adj —— ac.quis.i.tor n
scrutiny 1: a searching study, inquiry, or inspection: examination 2: a searching look 3: close watch: surveillance
5【中文釋義】這位議員的聲明 她對(duì)是否參加第二屆連任競(jìng)選仍未下決心 是很可信的，考慮到她的競(jìng)選委員會(huì)的極為冷淡的集資活動(dòng)。
【解題分析】given 表示因果關(guān)系，答案為 d 。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】clandestine : marked by, held in, or conducted with secrecy: surreptitious syn see secret —— clan.des.tine.ly adv —— clan.des.tine.ness n —— clan.des.tin.i.ty n
apathetic 1: having or showing little or no feeling or emotion: spiritless 2: having little or no interest or concern: indifferent syn see impassive —— ap.a.thet.i.cal.ly adv
straight.for.ward adj (1806) 1 a: free from evasiveness or obscurity: exact, candid b: clear-cut, precise 2: proceeding in a straight course or manner: direct, undeviating —— straight.for.ward.ly adv —— straight.for.ward.ness n 2straightforward also straight.for.wards adv (1809): in a straightforward manner enerdetic
6【中文釋義】直到最近，對(duì)糖尿病的研究一直作為一種抑制疾病的手段，嘗試改進(jìn)治療效果，主要因?yàn)楦緵]有預(yù)防性的方案看上去是可行的。
【解題分析】as a kind of holding action修飾下文，holding action為抑制作用的意思。與下文的 preventive strategy相比：一個(gè)是疾病發(fā)生前的預(yù)防措施，另一個(gè)則應(yīng)為疾病發(fā)生后的抑制疾病危害的治療手段。第一空格為 d 。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】
1hold
hold back vt (1535) 1: to hinder the progress or achievement of: restrain 2: to refrain from revealing or parting with ~ vi 1: to keep oneself in check 2: to refrain from revealing or parting with something
hold-down n (1888) 1: something used to fasten an object in place 2 a: an act of holding down b: limit
hold down vt (1533) 1: to keep within limits 2: to assume the responsibility for
hold off vt (15c) 1: to block from an objective: delay 2: to defer action on: postpone 3: to fight to a standoff: withstand ~ vi: to defer or temporarily stop doing something
hold over vi (1647): to continue (as in office) for a prolonged period ~ vt 1 a: postpone, defer b: to retain in a condition or position from an earlier period 2: to prolong the engagement of
hold up vt (1851) 1: to rob at gunpoint 2: delay, impede 3: to call attention to: single out ~ vi: to continue in the same condition without failing or losing effectiveness or force
hold on vi (13c) 1 a: to maintain a condition or position: persist b: to maintain a grasp on something: hang on 2: to await something (as a telephone connection) desired or requested; broadly: wait —— hold on to : to maintain possession of or adherence to
hold out vi (1585) 1: to remain unsubdued or operative: continue to cope or function 2: to refuse to go along with others in a concerted action or to come to an agreement ~ vt 1: to present as something realizable: proffer 2: to represent to be —— hold out on : to withhold something (as information) from
7【中文釋義】大多數(shù)植物在地理分布上展示了不連續(xù)性：通常一個(gè)物種可以在很大的地理區(qū)域中找到，但是在那個(gè)地域范圍內(nèi)，一個(gè)個(gè)植物群落卻是非常分散的。
【解題分析】第一空格后的介詞短語(yǔ)為in their geographical distribution，故空格中所填的詞為某種分布特征，進(jìn)一步可知冒號(hào)后應(yīng)從分布特征的角度去閱讀。冒號(hào)前后表達(dá)的分布特征相同的是答案a。
【重點(diǎn)詞條】uniformity 1: the quality or state of being uniform 2: an instance of uniformity