真題文章(1994年)
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep .
For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood , as if their immune systems——the self-protecting mechanism against disease——had crashed.
考研核心詞匯
characterize vt. 表現(xiàn)……的特色, 刻畫的……性格
[例] This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.
這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。
[同義] adepict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent
[派生] characterization n. 描述, 人物之創(chuàng)造
assume[/size=4] vt. 假定, 設(shè)想, 采取, 呈現(xiàn)
[例] The queen assumed a velvet robe. 王后穿了一件天鵝絨長(zhǎng)袍
[同義] adopt, believe, presume,put on, suppose, suspect
[反義] conclude v. 結(jié)束, 終止, 決定, 作出結(jié)論
vt. 推斷, 斷定, 締結(jié), 議定
[派生] assumed adj. 假定的, 假裝的, 裝的
[固定搭配]assuming that 假定,若;to assume resposibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任;to assume a leading position 擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)
[熟詞生意]assume vt.假裝 eg.The look of innocence she assumed had us all fooled.
vt.表現(xiàn) eg.The motion of matter always assumes certain forms.
vt.承擔(dān) eg.He assumes his new responsibilities next month.
[size=4]restorative adj. 有助于復(fù)元的 n. 滋補(bǔ)劑
[例] a restorative tonic 有恢復(fù)作用的滋補(bǔ)品
[派生] restore vt. 恢復(fù), 使回復(fù), 歸還, 交還, 修復(fù), 重建
function n. 官能, 功能, 作用, 職責(zé), 典禮, 儀式, [數(shù)]函數(shù)
vi. (器官等)活動(dòng), 運(yùn)行, 行使職責(zé)
[例] Growth is a function of nutrition . 長(zhǎng)身體是由營(yíng)養(yǎng)決定的。
[同義] act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform
[派生] functional adj. 功能的
[固定搭配] public function 盛大的公共集會(huì), 正式社交集會(huì);
social function 盛大的公共集會(huì), 正式社交集會(huì);
[熟詞生意] function n.職務(wù),職責(zé) eg.The function they perform is to maintain the established order of society.
n.重大聚會(huì)(或宴會(huì))eg.The room may be hired for wedding and other functions.
purpose n. 目的, 意圖, 用途, 效果, 決心, 意志
vt. 打算, 企圖, 決心
[例] He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television.
他進(jìn)城的目的是買一臺(tái)新電視機(jī)。
[同義] aim, design, determination, goal, intention, object
[派生] purposeful adj. 有目的的
[固定搭配] on purpose 故意地;有意地; to good purpose 有益地,有成效地;to little purpose or to no purpose幾乎徒勞的,少有成效地;to the purpose 中肯
deprivation n. 剝奪
[例] deprivation of civil rights 剝奪公民權(quán)
[派生] deprival n. 剝奪
deprive / di5praiv / vt. 剝奪, 使喪失
fatal adj. 致命的, 重大的, 命運(yùn)注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毀滅性的
[例] “It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it” (Douglas MacArthur)。
“不抱贏的希望參加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),那是必死無疑的” (道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟)。
[同義] deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing
[派生] fatally adv. 致命地, 宿命地, 不幸地
bacterial adj. 細(xì)菌的
[例] bacterial diseases. 細(xì)菌性疾病
[派生] bacteria n. 細(xì)菌
immune adj. 免疫的
[例] The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.
罪犯被告知說,如果他協(xié)助警方,就可以免受懲罰。
[同義] clear, exempt, free, resistant
[反義] liable adj. 有責(zé)任的, 有義務(wù)的, 易……的, 有……傾向的, 負(fù)有責(zé)任的, 很有可能的
susceptible adj. 易受影響的, 易感動(dòng)的, 容許……的
n. (因缺乏免疫力而) 易得病的人
[派生] immunize v. 使免疫, 賦予免疫性
[熟詞生意] immune a.不受影響的 The president seems to be immune to criticism.
crash n. 碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀, 撞擊聲, 爆裂聲
v. 碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀, (指商業(yè)公司, 政府等)破產(chǎn), 垮臺(tái)
[例] The elephant crashed through the forest. 大象沖進(jìn)森林。
[同義] break, shatter, smash, strike
[派生] crasher n. 猛擊, 不速之客
[固定搭配] on a crash basis 緊[應(yīng)]急地; with a crash 轟隆一聲;
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep. Neither kind of sleep is at all well-understood , but REM sleep is assumed to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious .The new experiments, such as these described for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep .
For example, it has long been known that total sleep deprivation is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet , upon examination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal . A researcher has now cast light on the mystery of why the animals die. The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood , as if their immune systems——the self-protecting mechanism against disease——had crashed.
考研核心詞匯
characterize vt. 表現(xiàn)……的特色, 刻畫的……性格
[例] This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.
這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。
[同義] adepict, describe, distinguish, picture, portray, represent
[派生] characterization n. 描述, 人物之創(chuàng)造
assume[/size=4] vt. 假定, 設(shè)想, 采取, 呈現(xiàn)
[例] The queen assumed a velvet robe. 王后穿了一件天鵝絨長(zhǎng)袍
[同義] adopt, believe, presume,put on, suppose, suspect
[反義] conclude v. 結(jié)束, 終止, 決定, 作出結(jié)論
vt. 推斷, 斷定, 締結(jié), 議定
[派生] assumed adj. 假定的, 假裝的, 裝的
[固定搭配]assuming that 假定,若;to assume resposibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任;to assume a leading position 擔(dān)任領(lǐng)導(dǎo)職務(wù)
[熟詞生意]assume vt.假裝 eg.The look of innocence she assumed had us all fooled.
vt.表現(xiàn) eg.The motion of matter always assumes certain forms.
vt.承擔(dān) eg.He assumes his new responsibilities next month.
[size=4]restorative adj. 有助于復(fù)元的 n. 滋補(bǔ)劑
[例] a restorative tonic 有恢復(fù)作用的滋補(bǔ)品
[派生] restore vt. 恢復(fù), 使回復(fù), 歸還, 交還, 修復(fù), 重建
function n. 官能, 功能, 作用, 職責(zé), 典禮, 儀式, [數(shù)]函數(shù)
vi. (器官等)活動(dòng), 運(yùn)行, 行使職責(zé)
[例] Growth is a function of nutrition . 長(zhǎng)身體是由營(yíng)養(yǎng)決定的。
[同義] act, ceremony, exercise, gathering, operate, perform
[派生] functional adj. 功能的
[固定搭配] public function 盛大的公共集會(huì), 正式社交集會(huì);
social function 盛大的公共集會(huì), 正式社交集會(huì);
[熟詞生意] function n.職務(wù),職責(zé) eg.The function they perform is to maintain the established order of society.
n.重大聚會(huì)(或宴會(huì))eg.The room may be hired for wedding and other functions.
purpose n. 目的, 意圖, 用途, 效果, 決心, 意志
vt. 打算, 企圖, 決心
[例] He went to town with the purpose of buying a new television.
他進(jìn)城的目的是買一臺(tái)新電視機(jī)。
[同義] aim, design, determination, goal, intention, object
[派生] purposeful adj. 有目的的
[固定搭配] on purpose 故意地;有意地; to good purpose 有益地,有成效地;to little purpose or to no purpose幾乎徒勞的,少有成效地;to the purpose 中肯
deprivation n. 剝奪
[例] deprivation of civil rights 剝奪公民權(quán)
[派生] deprival n. 剝奪
deprive / di5praiv / vt. 剝奪, 使喪失
fatal adj. 致命的, 重大的, 命運(yùn)注定的, 不幸的, 致命的, 毀滅性的
[例] “It is fatal to enter any war without the will to win it” (Douglas MacArthur)。
“不抱贏的希望參加戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),那是必死無疑的” (道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟)。
[同義] deadly, destructive, disastrous, fateful, important, killing
[派生] fatally adv. 致命地, 宿命地, 不幸地
bacterial adj. 細(xì)菌的
[例] bacterial diseases. 細(xì)菌性疾病
[派生] bacteria n. 細(xì)菌
immune adj. 免疫的
[例] The criminal was told he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.
罪犯被告知說,如果他協(xié)助警方,就可以免受懲罰。
[同義] clear, exempt, free, resistant
[反義] liable adj. 有責(zé)任的, 有義務(wù)的, 易……的, 有……傾向的, 負(fù)有責(zé)任的, 很有可能的
susceptible adj. 易受影響的, 易感動(dòng)的, 容許……的
n. (因缺乏免疫力而) 易得病的人
[派生] immunize v. 使免疫, 賦予免疫性
[熟詞生意] immune a.不受影響的 The president seems to be immune to criticism.
crash n. 碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀, 撞擊聲, 爆裂聲
v. 碰撞, 墜落, 墜毀, (指商業(yè)公司, 政府等)破產(chǎn), 垮臺(tái)
[例] The elephant crashed through the forest. 大象沖進(jìn)森林。
[同義] break, shatter, smash, strike
[派生] crasher n. 猛擊, 不速之客
[固定搭配] on a crash basis 緊[應(yīng)]急地; with a crash 轟隆一聲;