Unit 2
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a text about geology, followed by a list of explanations or facts. Choose the best explanation or fact from the list A - F for each numbered subheading（21 - 25）. There is one extra choice which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Geology is the study of the earth. That we live on the earth is reason enough to study it. The more we know about our planet, especially its environment and resources, the better we can understand, use, and appreciate it. To us earth is the most important body in the universe.
（21） What degrades the earth's importance?
In the broader view, however, the importance of the earth shrinks.
（22） What enable the earth to maintain life?
However, at least in the solar system, the earth is unique in having abundant water, exemplified by the oceans, and an atmosphere that can support life.
（23） The interaction of sciences of the earth and of life:
The origin and development of life is part of geology.
（24） What does physical geology chiefly deal with?
The development and history of life are important aspects of historical geology. The space program has also revealed that the earth is unique among the earthlike planets so far studied in having a magnetic field. The earth's magnetic field is believed to be caused by a liquid iron core that may also store the energy which causes the formation of such surface features as mountain ranges.
（25） Geology is crucial to modern society:
Geology has contributed a great deal to civilization both intellectually and economically. The economic contributions of geology to civilization show that in many ways, too, geology is a very practical science.
Geologists have discovered the deposits of metal and energy-producing minerals on which our civilization is based. We take these things for granted now, but a hundred years ago, when the American West was opening up and the industrial revolution was occurring, these mineral deposits were being discovered at a rapid rate and geologists were the most influential scientists of the day. At this time, too, the principles of geology were being formulated.
［A］ The earth's surface temperature, controlled largely by its distance from the sun, makes these features possible, and these features, in turn, make life possible on the earth.
［B］ Geology knowledge is used to locate and to exploit our mineral resources. Except for water and soil, all mineral resources, such as sand and gravel（small stories）, petroleum, coal, and metals, are nonrenewable. Once mined, they are gone, and new deposits must be found.
［C］ The fundamental principle that underlies most of geology is simply that the present processes occurring on the earth have occurred throughout geologic time. Thus ancient rocks can be interpreted in terms of present processes.
［D］ It is closely related to the history and development of the earth's surface and thus cannot be separated from the physical history of the earth. Geology shows that, in the broadest sense, all life is related. Biologists share this concern with life, but much of the evidence is geologic in nature. Thus geology and biology overlap in part.
［E］ At least a half dozen stars are known to have faint, unseen companions, but it is not known whether these companions are very faint stars or massive planets revolving about the observed star. Thus the earth appears to be an average planet in the cosmos.
［F］ These features, which, as far as we know, are unique to the earth, are central to the processes of erosion and deformation of the earth's surface that are the main aspects of physical geology. Thus geology is in large part the study of the consequences of the earth's unique features.
Notes: deformation 形變，變形
21._____
22._____
23._____
24._____
25._____
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a text about geology, followed by a list of explanations or facts. Choose the best explanation or fact from the list A - F for each numbered subheading（21 - 25）. There is one extra choice which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Geology is the study of the earth. That we live on the earth is reason enough to study it. The more we know about our planet, especially its environment and resources, the better we can understand, use, and appreciate it. To us earth is the most important body in the universe.
（21） What degrades the earth's importance?
In the broader view, however, the importance of the earth shrinks.
（22） What enable the earth to maintain life?
However, at least in the solar system, the earth is unique in having abundant water, exemplified by the oceans, and an atmosphere that can support life.
（23） The interaction of sciences of the earth and of life:
The origin and development of life is part of geology.
（24） What does physical geology chiefly deal with?
The development and history of life are important aspects of historical geology. The space program has also revealed that the earth is unique among the earthlike planets so far studied in having a magnetic field. The earth's magnetic field is believed to be caused by a liquid iron core that may also store the energy which causes the formation of such surface features as mountain ranges.
（25） Geology is crucial to modern society:
Geology has contributed a great deal to civilization both intellectually and economically. The economic contributions of geology to civilization show that in many ways, too, geology is a very practical science.
Geologists have discovered the deposits of metal and energy-producing minerals on which our civilization is based. We take these things for granted now, but a hundred years ago, when the American West was opening up and the industrial revolution was occurring, these mineral deposits were being discovered at a rapid rate and geologists were the most influential scientists of the day. At this time, too, the principles of geology were being formulated.
［A］ The earth's surface temperature, controlled largely by its distance from the sun, makes these features possible, and these features, in turn, make life possible on the earth.
［B］ Geology knowledge is used to locate and to exploit our mineral resources. Except for water and soil, all mineral resources, such as sand and gravel（small stories）, petroleum, coal, and metals, are nonrenewable. Once mined, they are gone, and new deposits must be found.
［C］ The fundamental principle that underlies most of geology is simply that the present processes occurring on the earth have occurred throughout geologic time. Thus ancient rocks can be interpreted in terms of present processes.
［D］ It is closely related to the history and development of the earth's surface and thus cannot be separated from the physical history of the earth. Geology shows that, in the broadest sense, all life is related. Biologists share this concern with life, but much of the evidence is geologic in nature. Thus geology and biology overlap in part.
［E］ At least a half dozen stars are known to have faint, unseen companions, but it is not known whether these companions are very faint stars or massive planets revolving about the observed star. Thus the earth appears to be an average planet in the cosmos.
［F］ These features, which, as far as we know, are unique to the earth, are central to the processes of erosion and deformation of the earth's surface that are the main aspects of physical geology. Thus geology is in large part the study of the consequences of the earth's unique features.
Notes: deformation 形變，變形
21._____
22._____
23._____
24._____
25._____