2、作狀語。分詞和分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、原因、行為方式等意義。表示時(shí)間和原因的分詞短語相當(dāng)于對應(yīng)的狀語從句。
例如：
Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。)學(xué)生們看見老師走進(jìn)房間，都站了起來。 (時(shí)間)
Heated，the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金屬受熱而膨脹。(條件、時(shí)間)
Being excited，I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ，I couldn’t go to sleep。)我興奮得睡不著覺。(原因)
Being a student，he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student，he was interested in sports。)
他是個(gè)學(xué)生，所以對體育運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。(原因)
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李華和他的同學(xué)們受到楊博士講話的鼓舞，決定更加努力學(xué)習(xí)物理。 (原因)
The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子們笑著走開了。(行為方式)
The professor stood there，surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里，許多學(xué)生圍著他。(行為方式)
While reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。)看報(bào)時(shí)，父親不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。(時(shí)間)(分詞前，可加表示時(shí)間的連詞while或when。)
3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
例如：
Can you get the machine going again?你能使機(jī)器再動(dòng)起來嗎?
You should have your hair cut。你該理發(fā)了。
I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看見他來了。
4、作表語。
例如：
The film is very moving。這部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done。你的作業(yè)做得好。
The visitors looked surprised.參觀者看上去很驚訝。
The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看見孩子們在草地上散步。
5、作句子獨(dú)立成分(分詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。)
例如：
Flags flying，the army men marched in the streets。旗幟飄揚(yáng)，軍隊(duì)在街上行進(jìn)。
All his ribs broken，he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折斷，半死不活地躺著。
分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子與莎莉談了很長時(shí)間，解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們在一起玩。(現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語my wife做的動(dòng)作，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better。如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會(huì)長得更好。(過去分詞given表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語the trees承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
We explored the caves，Peter acting as guide。我們到那山洞探險(xiǎn)，彼得做向?qū)А?(獨(dú)立主格)
The train having gone，we had to wait another day。分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and)，因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，而分詞短語只是全句的一個(gè)狀語部分。分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。
例如：
Seeing the teacher entering the room，the students stood up。(=When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。)學(xué)生們看見老師走進(jìn)房間，都站了起來。 (時(shí)間)
Heated，the Metal expands。 (=The metal expands if /when it is heated。)金屬受熱而膨脹。(條件、時(shí)間)
Being excited，I couldn’t go to sleep。(=As I was excited ，I couldn’t go to sleep。)我興奮得睡不著覺。(原因)
Being a student，he was interested in sports。(=As he was a student，he was interested in sports。)
他是個(gè)學(xué)生，所以對體育運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。(原因)
Inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。(=As they were inspired by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder。)李華和他的同學(xué)們受到楊博士講話的鼓舞，決定更加努力學(xué)習(xí)物理。 (原因)
The children went away laughing。=The children went away。They laughed as they went。孩子們笑著走開了。(行為方式)
The professor stood there，surrounded by many students。(=The professor stood there。He was surrounded by many students。)教授站在那里，許多學(xué)生圍著他。(行為方式)
While reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。(=While he was reading the newspaper，father nodded from time to time。)看報(bào)時(shí)，父親不時(shí)地點(diǎn)頭。(時(shí)間)(分詞前，可加表示時(shí)間的連詞while或when。)
3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
例如：
Can you get the machine going again?你能使機(jī)器再動(dòng)起來嗎?
You should have your hair cut。你該理發(fā)了。
I saw him coming last night。我昨天晚上看見他來了。
4、作表語。
例如：
The film is very moving。這部影片很感人。
Your homework is well done。你的作業(yè)做得好。
The visitors looked surprised.參觀者看上去很驚訝。
The boys were seen walking on the grass。有人看見孩子們在草地上散步。
5、作句子獨(dú)立成分(分詞有自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。)
例如：
Flags flying，the army men marched in the streets。旗幟飄揚(yáng)，軍隊(duì)在街上行進(jìn)。
All his ribs broken，he lay half dead。他的肋骨全部折斷，半死不活地躺著。
分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together我妻子與莎莉談了很長時(shí)間，解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們在一起玩。(現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語my wife做的動(dòng)作，它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better。如果對這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會(huì)長得更好。(過去分詞given表示的動(dòng)作是句子主語the trees承受的動(dòng)作，它們之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)
We explored the caves，Peter acting as guide。我們到那山洞探險(xiǎn)，彼得做向?qū)А?(獨(dú)立主格)
The train having gone，we had to wait another day。分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，前面可以加上連詞或介詞，但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞(如but，and)，因?yàn)椴⒘羞B詞接的是兩個(gè)并列成分，而分詞短語只是全句的一個(gè)狀語部分。分詞和主句之間可用逗號(hào)。