參考答案
It takes ten minutes to walk there.
What to do next is not decided / hasn't been decided.
It is impossible for us to catch the first bus.
It is necessary for a student of English to have a good dictionary.
He is the only one in our class to speak English.
He speaks too fast for us to follow.
The hall is large enough to hold one hundred people.
My mother will remind me to wash my face after I get up.
You must keep your promise in order not to let us down.
改正下列句子中的語法錯(cuò)誤：
1、He gave me a piece of paper to write on it.
2、How many people are there for you to interview them？
3、Do you think a preposition（介詞）is a good word to end a sentence with it？
4、I've got several telephone calls to make them this morning.
5、This is a difficult to put it into English.
（二）動(dòng)名詞（doing）
1、動(dòng)名詞的語法功能
（1）作主語
Swimming is never as fast as running.
注意：動(dòng)名詞（或動(dòng)名詞短語）作主語時(shí)，有時(shí)句中使用形式主語it，如：
It is no use talking about it.
談?wù)摯耸虏o用處。
注意：
不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以做主語，在意義上區(qū)別不大。
例如：
It is impossible to get there before dark.
It is impossible getting there before dark.
但在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用動(dòng)名詞做主語，不能用不定式：
It is no good doing…
It is no use doing…
It is worthwhile doing…
It is a waste of time doing…
例如：
It is no good objecting反對(duì)沒有用。
It is no use crying哭沒有用。
It's worthwhile reading the book.讀這本書很值。
（2）作賓語（動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語）
Would you mind waiting for a moment？
有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如下所示：
acknowledge承認(rèn) admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 感激
avoid避免 delay延遲 deny否認(rèn)
escape逃避 keep保持 mind 介意
permit 允許 postpone延遲 resist抵抗
risk冒險(xiǎn) prevent阻止 quit放棄停止
recommend 推薦 suggest建議
注意：
有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別
①forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）
②remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）
remember doing記得做過某事（已做）
③regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾
regret doing對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔
④try to do努力、企圖做某事
try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法
⑤mean to do打算，有意要…
mean doing意味著
⑥go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）
⑦propose to do 打算（要做某事）
propose doing建議（做某事）
⑧stop to do 停下來去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事
⑨be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于…
used to do過去曾經(jīng)…
2、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語
一般情況下，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的主語；如果動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是謂語動(dòng)詞的主語時(shí)，則需要有自己的邏輯主語。用作動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語的詞類有：物主代詞和名詞所有格。試比較：
Tom insisted on going with them.（He went with them）
湯姆堅(jiān)持要和他們一起去。（他去了）
Tom insisted on my going with them.（I went with them）
湯姆堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。
His taking part in the work will help us a lot.
他參加這項(xiàng)工作對(duì)我們有很大幫助。（物主代詞）
但是，如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語相同，則不應(yīng)再有主語：
She regrets_____idle when young.
A.To have been
B.her being
C.her having been
D.having been
答案：D
注：
動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，?？梢杂萌朔Q代詞賓格或名詞的普通格，如：
He doesn't like my father and me interfering in her affairs.
她不愿意我父親和我干涉她的事情。（名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格）
3、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
（1）完成式：
如果表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)，形式為：having done。例如：
He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.
His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us.
（2）被動(dòng)式
當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是該動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，該動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)式。形式為：being done。例如：
He did it without being asked.
We insisted on being given the task.
考試重點(diǎn)：
動(dòng)名詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用
1、have difficulty /trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time + （in）+doing
例如：
We had difficulty （in）carrying out the plan.
這一結(jié)構(gòu)變化一下后，形成“There is +difficulty/trouble + pleasure+（in）doing”。
例如：
Will there be any difficulty （in）getting a driving license？
There was some trouble （in）reading her handwriting.
2、feel like + 名詞/動(dòng)名詞 “想要” （=would like to +原形動(dòng)詞）
例如：
I feel like a newborn baby.
Do you feel like going to a movie？
3、spend/waste time doing sth.
例如：
They spent a lot time （in）making preparations.
4、cannot help doing sth.忍不住（做什么）
例如：
I cannot help laughing，once I see john in that big trouser.
注意：
這一句型要和can not help but do（不得不）以及can not but do（不得不）區(qū)分開來。
5、something need/want/deserve +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義；+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要（修、清理等）”意思。
例如：
Your bike needs repairing.
（= Your bike needs to be repaired）
6、be busy doing sth.忙于干某事
例如：
I am busy doing my homework.
7、be worth doing sth.值得…
例如：
The plan is worth considering.
8、What about/how about doing …怎么樣？
例如：
What about having a game of table tennis？
How about going on a picnic？
動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)
翻譯下列句子：
強(qiáng)迫孩子學(xué)習(xí)是沒有好處的。（考查動(dòng)名詞做主語的固定句型）
明天去看電影怎么樣？（考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型）
那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)值得參觀。（考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型）
沒有必要查閱每個(gè)生詞。（考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型）
請(qǐng)醫(yī)生沒用，已經(jīng)太晚了。（考查動(dòng)名詞做主語的固定句型）
參考答案：
It's no good forcing children to learn.
How about seeing a movie tomorrow？
The little town is worth visiting.
There is no need/point in looking up every new word.
It is no use sending for the doctor，for it is too late.
It takes ten minutes to walk there.
What to do next is not decided / hasn't been decided.
It is impossible for us to catch the first bus.
It is necessary for a student of English to have a good dictionary.
He is the only one in our class to speak English.
He speaks too fast for us to follow.
The hall is large enough to hold one hundred people.
My mother will remind me to wash my face after I get up.
You must keep your promise in order not to let us down.
改正下列句子中的語法錯(cuò)誤：
1、He gave me a piece of paper to write on it.
2、How many people are there for you to interview them？
3、Do you think a preposition（介詞）is a good word to end a sentence with it？
4、I've got several telephone calls to make them this morning.
5、This is a difficult to put it into English.
（二）動(dòng)名詞（doing）
1、動(dòng)名詞的語法功能
（1）作主語
Swimming is never as fast as running.
注意：動(dòng)名詞（或動(dòng)名詞短語）作主語時(shí)，有時(shí)句中使用形式主語it，如：
It is no use talking about it.
談?wù)摯耸虏o用處。
注意：
不定式和動(dòng)名詞都可以做主語，在意義上區(qū)別不大。
例如：
It is impossible to get there before dark.
It is impossible getting there before dark.
但在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，只能用動(dòng)名詞做主語，不能用不定式：
It is no good doing…
It is no use doing…
It is worthwhile doing…
It is a waste of time doing…
例如：
It is no good objecting反對(duì)沒有用。
It is no use crying哭沒有用。
It's worthwhile reading the book.讀這本書很值。
（2）作賓語（動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語）
Would you mind waiting for a moment？
有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如下所示：
acknowledge承認(rèn) admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 感激
avoid避免 delay延遲 deny否認(rèn)
escape逃避 keep保持 mind 介意
permit 允許 postpone延遲 resist抵抗
risk冒險(xiǎn) prevent阻止 quit放棄停止
recommend 推薦 suggest建議
注意：
有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別
①forget to do 忘記要去做某事（此事未做）
forget doing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）
②remember to do 記住去做某事（未做）
remember doing記得做過某事（已做）
③regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾
regret doing對(duì)做過的事遺憾、后悔
④try to do努力、企圖做某事
try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法
⑤mean to do打算，有意要…
mean doing意味著
⑥go on to do 繼而（去做另外一件事情）
go on doing 繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）
⑦propose to do 打算（要做某事）
propose doing建議（做某事）
⑧stop to do 停下來去做另一件事
stop doing 停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事
⑨be used to doing sth.習(xí)慣于…
used to do過去曾經(jīng)…
2、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語
一般情況下，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是謂語動(dòng)詞的主語；如果動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是謂語動(dòng)詞的主語時(shí)，則需要有自己的邏輯主語。用作動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語的詞類有：物主代詞和名詞所有格。試比較：
Tom insisted on going with them.（He went with them）
湯姆堅(jiān)持要和他們一起去。（他去了）
Tom insisted on my going with them.（I went with them）
湯姆堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。
His taking part in the work will help us a lot.
他參加這項(xiàng)工作對(duì)我們有很大幫助。（物主代詞）
但是，如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語相同，則不應(yīng)再有主語：
She regrets_____idle when young.
A.To have been
B.her being
C.her having been
D.having been
答案：D
注：
動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，?？梢杂萌朔Q代詞賓格或名詞的普通格，如：
He doesn't like my father and me interfering in her affairs.
她不愿意我父親和我干涉她的事情。（名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格）
3、動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)
（1）完成式：
如果表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，要用動(dòng)名詞的完成時(shí)，形式為：having done。例如：
He was praised for having made a great contribution to his country.
His having been elected chairman of the club surprised us.
（2）被動(dòng)式
當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語是該動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，該動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)式。形式為：being done。例如：
He did it without being asked.
We insisted on being given the task.
考試重點(diǎn)：
動(dòng)名詞在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的使用
1、have difficulty /trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time + （in）+doing
例如：
We had difficulty （in）carrying out the plan.
這一結(jié)構(gòu)變化一下后，形成“There is +difficulty/trouble + pleasure+（in）doing”。
例如：
Will there be any difficulty （in）getting a driving license？
There was some trouble （in）reading her handwriting.
2、feel like + 名詞/動(dòng)名詞 “想要” （=would like to +原形動(dòng)詞）
例如：
I feel like a newborn baby.
Do you feel like going to a movie？
3、spend/waste time doing sth.
例如：
They spent a lot time （in）making preparations.
4、cannot help doing sth.忍不住（做什么）
例如：
I cannot help laughing，once I see john in that big trouser.
注意：
這一句型要和can not help but do（不得不）以及can not but do（不得不）區(qū)分開來。
5、something need/want/deserve +動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義；+不定式被動(dòng)態(tài)表示“要（修、清理等）”意思。
例如：
Your bike needs repairing.
（= Your bike needs to be repaired）
6、be busy doing sth.忙于干某事
例如：
I am busy doing my homework.
7、be worth doing sth.值得…
例如：
The plan is worth considering.
8、What about/how about doing …怎么樣？
例如：
What about having a game of table tennis？
How about going on a picnic？
動(dòng)名詞練習(xí)
翻譯下列句子：
強(qiáng)迫孩子學(xué)習(xí)是沒有好處的。（考查動(dòng)名詞做主語的固定句型）
明天去看電影怎么樣？（考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型）
那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)值得參觀。（考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型）
沒有必要查閱每個(gè)生詞。（考查關(guān)于動(dòng)名詞的固定句型）
請(qǐng)醫(yī)生沒用，已經(jīng)太晚了。（考查動(dòng)名詞做主語的固定句型）
參考答案：
It's no good forcing children to learn.
How about seeing a movie tomorrow？
The little town is worth visiting.
There is no need/point in looking up every new word.
It is no use sending for the doctor，for it is too late.