考研英語(yǔ)摘要題型寫(xiě)作是難度非常大的一種寫(xiě)作形式，隨著考生英語(yǔ)水平的不斷提高，這種題型應(yīng)引起考生的重視。在2006年考研英語(yǔ)又出現(xiàn)該題型，盡管這種題型真正考到的概率不是很大，但是本人覺(jué)得各位網(wǎng)友還是要熟悉這種題型，以背急時(shí)之需。
1、摘要題型寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：
① 動(dòng)筆之前，考生一定要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀所給原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要點(diǎn)。
② 摘要的長(zhǎng)度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考試時(shí)應(yīng)遵守規(guī)定的字?jǐn)?shù)限制。
③ 在做摘要時(shí)考生切忌照搬原文。
④ 摘要應(yīng)與原文的觀點(diǎn)保持一致，并且仍按原文的邏輯順序排列。
⑤ 重點(diǎn)反映主要觀點(diǎn)，刪除細(xì)節(jié)。
⑥ 簡(jiǎn)化從句，用簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句代替冗長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)句。
⑦ 檢查與修改時(shí)，考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)檢查是否遺漏了原文的要點(diǎn)或包含了細(xì)節(jié)。
2、摘要題型寫(xiě)作實(shí)例
① 試題題目
Directions： Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words.
We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death,despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology.We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it;it is an indelicacy,like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days.Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way： we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war,involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths,as though we were talking about bad weather;we can watch abrupt bloody death every day,in color,on films and television,without blinking back a tear.It is when the numbers of dead are very small,and very close,that we begin to think in scurrying circles.At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one''s own self,the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty,and it is unmentionable,unthinkable.We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away.We like to think,hiding the thought,that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose,perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become,next year,say,a bit smarter.（246 words）
3.talk about death when millions of people die
4.become confused and anxious when each time the dead people are very few and the death rates are almost equal
5.people''s fearfulness
6.seem to control nature
7.avoid death
② 原文要點(diǎn)：
1.continue to have the most confused ideas of death like predecessors
2.avoid talking about death
③ 參考摘要：
People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue.They talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in war.When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal,they become very anxious,thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom.Therefore,they fear very much.However,they have a hope that when they control nature,they can avoid death.（84 words）
用實(shí)例講解考研英語(yǔ)摘要的寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)
本文談?wù)勗鯓訉?xiě)英語(yǔ)概要（Precis）。要寫(xiě)好一篇文章的概要應(yīng)考生應(yīng)具備兩種基本能力。首先應(yīng)具備理解原文，掌握全文中心思想的能力；其次應(yīng)具有用簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言將原文的中心思想表達(dá)出來(lái)的能力。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，概要的篇幅為原文的1/3至1/4，因此在寫(xiě)概要時(shí)務(wù)必注意語(yǔ)言的概括和精練。概要寫(xiě)作一般按下列步驟進(jìn)行：
1.認(rèn)真仔細(xì)地閱讀原文兩遍，理解和掌握全文的內(nèi)容。
2.仔細(xì)地閱讀考題指令，明確了解考題要求，在原文上標(biāo)出重點(diǎn)，如議論文中的論點(diǎn) 、論據(jù)；記敘文中的發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局等。
3.再一次閱讀原文，并將所需要采用的要點(diǎn)列出。要點(diǎn)的記錄應(yīng)盡可能簡(jiǎn)潔明了。
4.根據(jù)記錄的要點(diǎn)寫(xiě)出概要的初稿，并盡可能不參照原文，除非當(dāng)你需要核實(shí)某個(gè)要點(diǎn)。這將十分有益于用自己的語(yǔ)言組織內(nèi)容，而不是照抄原文中的某些詞句。完成初稿后應(yīng)數(shù)一數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)，但千萬(wàn)不可在寫(xiě)完每一句句子即數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)。這樣不僅浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間，而且會(huì)攪亂寫(xiě)作的思路。
5.進(jìn)行一些必要的修改和調(diào)整后，謄清完稿，并在最后注明具體字?jǐn)?shù)。
應(yīng)考生在重讀謄清稿時(shí)，有兩點(diǎn)還應(yīng)牢記：首先，你寫(xiě)出的概要內(nèi)容必須忠實(shí)于原文，或者說(shuō)精確（accurate）。概要中所有的內(nèi)容和信息必須來(lái)源于原文，既不可篡改原文內(nèi)容也不能包括原文未涉及到的內(nèi)容。其次，概要讀起來(lái)應(yīng)是一完整連貫的段落。要取得這一完整連貫，就應(yīng)該使用一些連接詞（link－words），如but，and，however，also等連接要點(diǎn)；同樣，也可使用諸如since，though，even if，when，after，before等詞。請(qǐng)看下面一例子：
The sentry watched a hawk that hovered overhead,looking for some unsuspecting prey to pounce upon.Then he heard the distant,muffled roar of planes,then silence.For the past week he had been told to take note of everything that happened on the hill within his range of vision,and to report anything suspicious.The hill led to an experimental factory,where new and secret weapons were tested.There was a threat of war and the factory would be invaluable to the enemy.So the approaches to it were watched day in,and day out.
He shifted his position；he felt that he had been crouching in the heather since the beginning of the time,but only a couple of hours of the day''s duty had passed.Suddenly he saw something falling from the sky like snow,only it was not snow.He put out his hand and caught bits of that were drifting near him.They were thin strips of metal to confuse delicate instruments,so that it would not be possible to detect the landing of enemy craf.Next he heard a long,low,continuous roar from the east and saw bundles descending from the sky which looked like umbrellas opening,but which be knew to be parachutes with men hanging from them.He wanted to go at once to give the alarm,but he had to be sure that the parachutes were not his own men out on an exercise.The men were on ground now.One of them pointed in the direction of secret factory and they all began marching toward it.He had no more doubts and set off at once down the hill.He crawled slowly,sometimes on his stomach,sometimes on his side ,weaving decided that he had ample cover and started to run.But he had erred,for bullets were soon whistling past him.He drooped flat on the ground.Nobody came to search for him,so he counted up to a hundred and then began crawling again.He moved tortuously and as silently as he could to his camp at the foot of the hill.
Describe in not more than 80 words what the sentry saw and did from the moment when the strips of metal fell from the sky until he got back to his camp.Use your own words as far as possible.Do not include anything that is not in the passage.
1.Points（Saw and Did）
1）Put out hands；caught strip metal.
2）Saw bundles.
3）Waited.
4）Saw men on ground.
5）One pointed；all marched.
6）Went downhill.
7）Crawled-stomach,side-to stream.
8）Started running.
9）Dropped flat（why？-bullets）。
10）Counted 100；crawled.
11）Silently to camp.
2.Rough Draft （Linking of Points） （寫(xiě)得不好的摘要）
When the sentry held out his hand to catch what was falling out of the sky ,he found that it was strips of metal.The bundles began coming down.The sentry waited until men appeared on the ground.One of them pointed and the sentry saw them march towards the factory.Crawling on his stomach and on his side,the sentry moved downhill.He began running when he came to a stream,but dropped down when he was shot at .After counting up to a hundred to himself,he began crawling silently again downhill.（95 words）
3.Fair Copy （Corrected Draft） （寫(xiě)锝比較的摘要）
After catching hold of metal strips falling out of the sky,the sentry saw bundles descending and,after a time,some men appeared on the ground.One of them pointed and they all began marching towards the factory.The sentry crawled downhill on his stomach and on his side.When he came to a stream,he began running but dropped down when the men shot at him.He counted up to a hundred,then silently started crawling again towards his camp.（80 words）