六級(jí)漢譯英講義
一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序
（一）漢譯英應(yīng)試原則
手法靈活（如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達(dá)）
語法正確（避免時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語法錯(cuò)誤）
內(nèi)容忠實(shí)（必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪）
語言閃光（譯文符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣）
（二）漢譯英基本程序
1．理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義
2．翻譯 確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞
3．審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯；其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，及時(shí)改正。
二、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
2) This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
4) The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
5) They _______________(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).
二、時(shí)態(tài)
1) Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).
2) When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).
5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).
6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).
2) The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
3) Computer models _______________(可以用來演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).
4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).
5) _______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).
2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢(mèng)見什么可怕的東西了).
4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
5) _______________(其實(shí)我沒必要穿上我好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虛擬語氣
1) I wish _______________(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).
2) If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).
4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).
5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說似的).
6) We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).
7) It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).
8) His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)來檢查這個(gè)問題).
9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)總是下雨的國家還缺水).
11) It is essential that _______________(每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).
12) _______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).
14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會(huì)濕的).
15) _______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now.
16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
17) But for his help, _______________(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).
18) I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會(huì)花更長的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).
19) Were I in your place, _______________(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).
20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項(xiàng)法案早就通過了).
21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).
22) He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).
六、不定式
1) It was a great achievement _______________(10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).
2) It is necessary _______________(我們?cè)诳荚嚽昂煤玫厮煌砩嫌X).
3) It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).
4) The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).
5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).
6) The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
7) We _______________(請(qǐng)他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
8) He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席).
9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).
10) The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們?cè)诼短旆烹娪暗挠?jì)劃).
11) The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).
12) Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空間的美國婦女).
13) They lifted a rock _______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).
14) He was surprised _______________(在這個(gè)山村遇見一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).
15) I am sorry _______________(占用了您這么多時(shí)間).
16) I happened _______________(在他沖進(jìn)來的時(shí)候站在門口).
17) She doesn’t like _______________(被當(dāng)作客人).
18) If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校園書店買舊書).
19) We did nothing _______________(除了整天打橋牌).
20) We were made _______________(進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).
七、分詞
1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利語唱“祝你生日快樂”).
2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
3) The war went on for years, _______________(奪去了成千上萬人的生命).
4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).
5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).
6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書), we stopped talking and began to study.
7) _______________(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for his education.
8) _______________(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
9) _______________(好久沒有收到父母的來信了), he was worried about them.
八、動(dòng)名詞
1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
2) They tried to avoid _______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).
3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場(chǎng)).
4) It is no use _______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).
5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).
6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).
九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別
1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
2) John meant _______________(開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障).
3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母親談話).
4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).
5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).
6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔斷了雙腿).
7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
8) _______________(看到父母安然無恙), he issued a sigh of relief.
9) _______________(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
10) The pop, _______________(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢), came to meet his fans.
十、名詞從句
1) _______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.
2) _______________(讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
3) _______________(這么做是故意的) became obvious.
4) It is not clear yet _______________(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).
5) It is none of your business _______________(瑪麗與誰訂婚).
6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在尋找的).
8) It is not yet known _______________(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).
9) _______________(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物) is not clear to me.
10) My main problem right now is _______________(我是否應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求另一筆貸款).
11) It all depends on _______________(他們是否會(huì)支持我們).
12) You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).
13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事來提高他們工資).
14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席會(huì)同意他的提議).
十一、定語從句
1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).
2) The old lady died _______________(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).
3) This is _______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).
4) Let ABC be _______________(一個(gè)三邊不等長的三角形).
5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).
6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他們大部分是英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生).
7) _______________(眾所周知), water is a liquid.
十二、狀語從句
1) _______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings polities into the discussion.
2) _______________(不管哪一方獲勝), I shall be satisfied.
3) _______________(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
4) We climbed high _______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).
5) The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決).
6) You can go out _______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來).
7) I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).
十三、比較級(jí)高級(jí)
1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?
2) The buildings look _______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).
3) This is _______________(他畫的好的畫之一).
4) The higher you climb, _______________(空氣就越稀薄).
十四、倒裝句
1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).
2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也沒說一句歡迎的話).
4) Only then _______________(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).
5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我們才能做成這筆買賣).
十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1) _______________(正是Jefferson寫下了)the Declaration of Independence.
2) _______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praises all that is progressive.
3) _______________(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)we could not cross the river.
4) _______________(人們聽見正是Jim 這個(gè)無情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
5) _______________(直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.
一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序
（一）漢譯英應(yīng)試原則
手法靈活（如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達(dá)）
語法正確（避免時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語法錯(cuò)誤）
內(nèi)容忠實(shí)（必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪）
語言閃光（譯文符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣）
（二）漢譯英基本程序
1．理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義
2．翻譯 確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞
3．審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯；其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，及時(shí)改正。
二、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)
一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法
1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
2) This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).
3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).
4) The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).
5) They _______________(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).
二、時(shí)態(tài)
1) Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達(dá)教堂時(shí)婚禮就已經(jīng)結(jié)束了).
2) When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).
3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).
4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).
5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).
6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).
三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).
2) The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).
3) Computer models _______________(可以用來演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).
4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).
5) _______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.
四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).
2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).
3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢(mèng)見什么可怕的東西了).
4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).
5) _______________(其實(shí)我沒必要穿上我好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.
五、虛擬語氣
1) I wish _______________(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).
2) If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.
3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?
—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).
4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).
5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說似的).
6) We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).
7) It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).
8) His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)來檢查這個(gè)問題).
9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).
10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)總是下雨的國家還缺水).
11) It is essential that _______________(每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).
12) _______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.
13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).
14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會(huì)濕的).
15) _______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now.
16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).
17) But for his help, _______________(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).
18) I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會(huì)花更長的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).
19) Were I in your place, _______________(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).
20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項(xiàng)法案早就通過了).
21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).
22) He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).
六、不定式
1) It was a great achievement _______________(10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).
2) It is necessary _______________(我們?cè)诳荚嚽昂煤玫厮煌砩嫌X).
3) It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).
4) The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).
5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).
6) The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).
7) We _______________(請(qǐng)他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).
8) He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席).
9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們?cè)谡n堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).
10) The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們?cè)诼短旆烹娪暗挠?jì)劃).
11) The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).
12) Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空間的美國婦女).
13) They lifted a rock _______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).
14) He was surprised _______________(在這個(gè)山村遇見一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).
15) I am sorry _______________(占用了您這么多時(shí)間).
16) I happened _______________(在他沖進(jìn)來的時(shí)候站在門口).
17) She doesn’t like _______________(被當(dāng)作客人).
18) If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校園書店買舊書).
19) We did nothing _______________(除了整天打橋牌).
20) We were made _______________(進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).
七、分詞
1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利語唱“祝你生日快樂”).
2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.
3) The war went on for years, _______________(奪去了成千上萬人的生命).
4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).
5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).
6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書), we stopped talking and began to study.
7) _______________(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for his education.
8) _______________(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.
9) _______________(好久沒有收到父母的來信了), he was worried about them.
八、動(dòng)名詞
1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.
2) They tried to avoid _______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).
3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場(chǎng)).
4) It is no use _______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).
5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).
6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).
九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別
1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).
2) John meant _______________(開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障).
3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母親談話).
4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).
5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).
6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔斷了雙腿).
7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).
8) _______________(看到父母安然無恙), he issued a sigh of relief.
9) _______________(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.
10) The pop, _______________(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢), came to meet his fans.
十、名詞從句
1) _______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.
2) _______________(讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.
3) _______________(這么做是故意的) became obvious.
4) It is not clear yet _______________(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).
5) It is none of your business _______________(瑪麗與誰訂婚).
6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).
7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在尋找的).
8) It is not yet known _______________(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).
9) _______________(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物) is not clear to me.
10) My main problem right now is _______________(我是否應(yīng)該請(qǐng)求另一筆貸款).
11) It all depends on _______________(他們是否會(huì)支持我們).
12) You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).
13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事來提高他們工資).
14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席會(huì)同意他的提議).
十一、定語從句
1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).
2) The old lady died _______________(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).
3) This is _______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).
4) Let ABC be _______________(一個(gè)三邊不等長的三角形).
5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).
6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他們大部分是英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生).
7) _______________(眾所周知), water is a liquid.
十二、狀語從句
1) _______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings polities into the discussion.
2) _______________(不管哪一方獲勝), I shall be satisfied.
3) _______________(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.
4) We climbed high _______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).
5) The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決).
6) You can go out _______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來).
7) I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).
十三、比較級(jí)高級(jí)
1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?
2) The buildings look _______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).
3) This is _______________(他畫的好的畫之一).
4) The higher you climb, _______________(空氣就越稀薄).
十四、倒裝句
1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).
2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).
3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也沒說一句歡迎的話).
4) Only then _______________(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).
5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我們才能做成這筆買賣).
十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
1) _______________(正是Jefferson寫下了)the Declaration of Independence.
2) _______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praises all that is progressive.
3) _______________(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)we could not cross the river.
4) _______________(人們聽見正是Jim 這個(gè)無情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.
5) _______________(直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.