Lesson Two Four Choices for Young People 1.Jim Binns……wrote me about some of his misgivings. misgiving ：worry ，concern （常用復數(shù)）（對未來之事）疑慮不安，懷疑。如：I like your scheme in principle；my only misgiving is that it may require too large a sum of money.我原則上喜歡你的計劃，擔心的是花銷可能太大。
2 ……our generation views the adult world with great skepticism……
skepticism：doubt ，suspicion 懷疑（態(tài)度）；懷疑主義be skeptical about：對……持懷疑太度；不相信。如：He is skeptical about everything .他對一切事物都抱懷疑態(tài)度。
with a skeptical expression 帶著懷疑的表情。
3.Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. contemprary adj.同時代的，當代；n.同時代的人。如：our contemporaries和我們同時代的人同義詞：peer同等的人，同輩。如：
without a peer無匹敵的
4.The people responsible are， presumably ， the adults who ……
a.responsible ：1 ）（放在名詞后面）應(yīng)負責任的。如：I hold you responsible for the safety of her family. 我就把她家的安全交給你了。2 ）（放在名詞前面）（工作、地為等）責任重的，有責任的。
如：a responsible position要職。3 ）（人）可靠的，可信賴的，如：a responsible person有責任心的人。
b.presumably：perhpas 大概，推測起來，可能。
5.These conclusions strike me as reasonable ，……strike sb.+adj. （or n. ）：使…
…感覺（是）。如：At first the idea struck me as stupid.起初，這個主意讓我覺得很愚蠢。
He strikes me as an houest man .他讓我覺得是個誠實的人。
6.The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect （we can take that for granted），but ……
a.relevant：有關(guān)的。如：relevant information有關(guān)信息。若作表語，后面通常跟由介詞to引導的短語。
如；The judge ruled that the evidence was not relevant to the case .法官認定證據(jù)與本案無關(guān)。
b. imperfect：不完美，由perfect （完美）加否定前綴im- 構(gòu)成。
另如：pemissible-impermissible， possible-impossible， proper-improper， pureimpure，mobile-immobile， mortal-immortal. c. take for granted ：視……為當然。
如： You should not take his help for granted . 你不應(yīng)該認為他的幫忙是當然的事。
7. For all is harshness and irrationality ， it is the only world we‘ve got . a. for all ……盡管。
如：For all his learning， he is not wise . 他盡管滿腹經(jīng)綸，處世并不聰明。 For all his efforts ， he didn‘t succeed .他還是個正派的人。
b. harsh：殘酷的；無情的；刻薄的。
如：She was very harsh with her servant . 她對用人非?？瘫?。
We have to face harsh realities . 我們得面對殘酷的現(xiàn)實。
c. rational ：有理性的，通情達理的。
如：Man is a rational thing . 人是有理性的動物。
Do you consider it a rational explanation ？你覺得這種解釋合理嗎？
irrational：不理智， ir-為否定前綴。
另如：irreducible ， irrregular ， irreparble ， irreversible .
8. Choosing a strategy to cope with it， then ， is ……
a. strategy ：戰(zhàn)略，與之相對的是tactics （戰(zhàn)術(shù)）
b. cope with： to struggle or contend ， esp . with some degree of success應(yīng)付，處理。
如：They proposed several possibilities for coping with the crisis. 他們提出了對付危機的幾種可能方案。
He is unable to cope with the duties of her new position .他不能應(yīng)付新崗位的職責。
9. So far as I have been able to discover ， there are four basic alternatives. a. so far as ： =as far as ， to the extent that 就……而言，從……來看。
如：His conduct ， so far as I can see， is unjustifiable . 就我看來，他憑一已之力將不可能完成這樣巨大的項目。
b. alternative： one of more than two possibilities 數(shù)種可能之一，可代替的。
如：There are alternative answer to this question . 這個問題有幾種可能的答案。
An alternative plan is to apply for a loan. 另一種可能的方案就是申請貸款。
10. Drop Out drop out ： to withdraw from 退出。
如：He has decided to drop out of politics .他已經(jīng)決定退出政壇。
Seven students dropped out of university last year .去年有七個學生從大學里退了學。
11. This is one of the oldest expedient ，……=expedient： a temporary means to an end 權(quán)宜之計如：resort to an expedient采取權(quán)宜之計
12. In one way or another ， its practitioners batten on the society which……
a.（in） one way or another ：以這樣或那樣的方式；在某方面。
如：The project must be completed by the end of this month（in） one way or another。 不管用什么方式，這個項目必須在這個月底結(jié)束。
b. batten on： thrive ， or prosper ， or live in luxury（on）（esp. at the expoense of others ）
（靠他人犧牲而）興旺，過奢侈的生活，（損人）肥飽私囊
13. Some of us find this distasteful -an undignified kind of life . distasteful ：
disagreeable； unpleasant 討厭的，令人不愉快的。
如：Jazz is distasteful to me . 我討厭爵士樂。（爵士樂不合我的口味）
14. But for the poor in spirit， with low levels of both energy and pride ， it may be the least intolerable choice available . avaible ： ready for use； readily obtainable a.（立即）可利用的；可得到的。
如：employ all means available采用一切可能的方法。
The dress is available in all sizes . 這種款式的服裝大小尺寸都有。
b.（人）有空的。
如：I‘ll be available tomorrow morning .我明天早上有空。
15. This strategy has ancient antecedents . antecedent： preceding thing or circumstance ，esp.（pl. ）past history of a person前事，前情；（復數(shù)）身世，經(jīng)歷，人的過去歷史。
如； a woman of shady antecedent一個來歷可疑的女人
16. …… that is， the city ， with all its ugliness and tension . tension： mental strain緊張。
如：under extreme tension 處于極度緊張/ （復數(shù)-s）緊張（狀態(tài)）。
如：the tension between labor and mangement 勞資間關(guān)系的緊張
17. The trouble with the solution is that it no longer is on a large scale . on a large scale ：大規(guī)模。
另如：on a tremendous scale 極大的規(guī)模。
The project was undertaken on a grand scale . 這個項目規(guī)模很大。
The reform is carried out on an enormous scale .改革的幅度極大。
18. Out planet， unfortunately， is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes. run out of： become short of， become exhausted 用完。
如； We ran out of petrol the other day . 那一天我們汽油用光了。
We are running out of time .我們已經(jīng)沒有時間了。
19. Plot a Revolution plot： plan secretly密謀。
如：They plotted how to kill him .他們密謀如何殺死他。
The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.犯罪密謀搶銀行。
20. …… those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process and who believe that the institytion can only be changed by force . a. tedious： long and tiresome冗長乏味的。
如：a tedious lecture 冗長的演講；tedious work乏味的工作b. working（s ）： action ，operation 工作，運作。
如：the workings of the mind， the workings of the nature 自然的運作
21. To them it offers a romantic appeal ， usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure . a. a romantic appeal ： appeal n.： the power to attract the mind or emotions吸引力。
如：Such life has no appeal for me .這種生活對我沒有吸引力。
That sort of music has lost its appeal for me . 這種音樂已經(jīng)失去了對我的吸引力。
v. appeal to：吸引。
如：Does the menu appeal to me？菜單吸引我了嗎？
The novel appeals to women .這本小說吸引女性讀者。
b. dashing： vigorously lovely； brilliant or showy 精力充沛的；華麗的c. charismatic名詞形式為charisma（使大眾信服的）領(lǐng)袖魅力
22. Let‘s smash it and build something better on the ruins . on the ruins ： the remains of destroyed or decaying or town廢墟，遺跡，殘骸。
如：the ruins of a castle 一座城堡的廢墟
23. These are the ones whose revolution did not come off，……
come off： happen ， occur發(fā)生。
如：The invasion came off last week . 入侵是上星期發(fā)生的。
To be effective or successful 生效，成功。
如：She didn‘t come off well in the interview . 她的面試不很成功。
24. I am not， of course， suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing . accomplish： bring to a successful conclusion ； achievement完成。
如：accomplish something / a great deal / miracles實現(xiàn)某種目標/ 取得很大成就/ 實現(xiàn)奇跡accomplish： skilled， expert 熟練的，內(nèi)行的。
如：an accomplish golf player 技術(shù)精湛的高爾夫運動員accomplishment（s ）修養(yǎng)，才藝。
如：a woman of many accomplishment多才多藝的女人
25. For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of， cleansed of all human meanness . cleanse ： make clean 清洗。
如：She cleansed the wound with alcohol . 她用酒精清洗傷口。
cleanse sin from the soul = cleanse the soul of sin 清洗靈魂的罪惡
26. At first glance ， this course is far from inviting. inviting ： temptingly attractive誘人的。
如：an inviting smile 迷人的微笑/an inviting dish 誘人的菜肴
27. It depends on the exasperting and uncertain instruments of persuasion ……
exasperate： annoy extremely令人怒不可遏如：Constant interruptions exasperate me .不斷的中斷讓我怒火中燒。
28. It demands patience ， always in short supply . （be） in short supply：供應(yīng)不足，短缺。
如：Food is in short supply . 食物供應(yīng)不足。
Honesty is in short supply .缺乏誠實（的人）。
29. …… as soon as you capture one mountain range， another one looms just ahead。 loom： come into view in indistint and enlarged form忽隱忽現(xiàn)。
如：The iceberg loomed out of the mist .冰山在迷霧中忽隱忽現(xiàn)。
Dangers are looming ahead . 危險陰森森地逼近。
30. …… of coping with war in unfamiliar guises . guise： a false or assumed appearance or disguise 外貌，偽裝。
如：an old idea in a new guise老觀念新面貌（新瓶裝舊酒）
in the guise of 打扮成……的樣子。
如：the king in the guise of a beggar 裝扮成乞丐的國王under the guise of以……為借口。
如：under the guise of friendship 以友誼為幌子
31. It dawned on us rather suddenly that……
dawn on ： begin to be known， or realized常用先行詞it，表示“ 明白過來”。如：It has slowly dawned upon me that he will not lend a helping hand to us when we are in trouble.我慢慢明白，當我們碰到麻煩的時候，他是不會伸出援手的。
2 ……our generation views the adult world with great skepticism……
skepticism：doubt ，suspicion 懷疑（態(tài)度）；懷疑主義be skeptical about：對……持懷疑太度；不相信。如：He is skeptical about everything .他對一切事物都抱懷疑態(tài)度。
with a skeptical expression 帶著懷疑的表情。
3.Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. contemprary adj.同時代的，當代；n.同時代的人。如：our contemporaries和我們同時代的人同義詞：peer同等的人，同輩。如：
without a peer無匹敵的
4.The people responsible are， presumably ， the adults who ……
a.responsible ：1 ）（放在名詞后面）應(yīng)負責任的。如：I hold you responsible for the safety of her family. 我就把她家的安全交給你了。2 ）（放在名詞前面）（工作、地為等）責任重的，有責任的。
如：a responsible position要職。3 ）（人）可靠的，可信賴的，如：a responsible person有責任心的人。
b.presumably：perhpas 大概，推測起來，可能。
5.These conclusions strike me as reasonable ，……strike sb.+adj. （or n. ）：使…
…感覺（是）。如：At first the idea struck me as stupid.起初，這個主意讓我覺得很愚蠢。
He strikes me as an houest man .他讓我覺得是個誠實的人。
6.The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect （we can take that for granted），but ……
a.relevant：有關(guān)的。如：relevant information有關(guān)信息。若作表語，后面通常跟由介詞to引導的短語。
如；The judge ruled that the evidence was not relevant to the case .法官認定證據(jù)與本案無關(guān)。
b. imperfect：不完美，由perfect （完美）加否定前綴im- 構(gòu)成。
另如：pemissible-impermissible， possible-impossible， proper-improper， pureimpure，mobile-immobile， mortal-immortal. c. take for granted ：視……為當然。
如： You should not take his help for granted . 你不應(yīng)該認為他的幫忙是當然的事。
7. For all is harshness and irrationality ， it is the only world we‘ve got . a. for all ……盡管。
如：For all his learning， he is not wise . 他盡管滿腹經(jīng)綸，處世并不聰明。 For all his efforts ， he didn‘t succeed .他還是個正派的人。
b. harsh：殘酷的；無情的；刻薄的。
如：She was very harsh with her servant . 她對用人非?？瘫?。
We have to face harsh realities . 我們得面對殘酷的現(xiàn)實。
c. rational ：有理性的，通情達理的。
如：Man is a rational thing . 人是有理性的動物。
Do you consider it a rational explanation ？你覺得這種解釋合理嗎？
irrational：不理智， ir-為否定前綴。
另如：irreducible ， irrregular ， irreparble ， irreversible .
8. Choosing a strategy to cope with it， then ， is ……
a. strategy ：戰(zhàn)略，與之相對的是tactics （戰(zhàn)術(shù)）
b. cope with： to struggle or contend ， esp . with some degree of success應(yīng)付，處理。
如：They proposed several possibilities for coping with the crisis. 他們提出了對付危機的幾種可能方案。
He is unable to cope with the duties of her new position .他不能應(yīng)付新崗位的職責。
9. So far as I have been able to discover ， there are four basic alternatives. a. so far as ： =as far as ， to the extent that 就……而言，從……來看。
如：His conduct ， so far as I can see， is unjustifiable . 就我看來，他憑一已之力將不可能完成這樣巨大的項目。
b. alternative： one of more than two possibilities 數(shù)種可能之一，可代替的。
如：There are alternative answer to this question . 這個問題有幾種可能的答案。
An alternative plan is to apply for a loan. 另一種可能的方案就是申請貸款。
10. Drop Out drop out ： to withdraw from 退出。
如：He has decided to drop out of politics .他已經(jīng)決定退出政壇。
Seven students dropped out of university last year .去年有七個學生從大學里退了學。
11. This is one of the oldest expedient ，……=expedient： a temporary means to an end 權(quán)宜之計如：resort to an expedient采取權(quán)宜之計
12. In one way or another ， its practitioners batten on the society which……
a.（in） one way or another ：以這樣或那樣的方式；在某方面。
如：The project must be completed by the end of this month（in） one way or another。 不管用什么方式，這個項目必須在這個月底結(jié)束。
b. batten on： thrive ， or prosper ， or live in luxury（on）（esp. at the expoense of others ）
（靠他人犧牲而）興旺，過奢侈的生活，（損人）肥飽私囊
13. Some of us find this distasteful -an undignified kind of life . distasteful ：
disagreeable； unpleasant 討厭的，令人不愉快的。
如：Jazz is distasteful to me . 我討厭爵士樂。（爵士樂不合我的口味）
14. But for the poor in spirit， with low levels of both energy and pride ， it may be the least intolerable choice available . avaible ： ready for use； readily obtainable a.（立即）可利用的；可得到的。
如：employ all means available采用一切可能的方法。
The dress is available in all sizes . 這種款式的服裝大小尺寸都有。
b.（人）有空的。
如：I‘ll be available tomorrow morning .我明天早上有空。
15. This strategy has ancient antecedents . antecedent： preceding thing or circumstance ，esp.（pl. ）past history of a person前事，前情；（復數(shù)）身世，經(jīng)歷，人的過去歷史。
如； a woman of shady antecedent一個來歷可疑的女人
16. …… that is， the city ， with all its ugliness and tension . tension： mental strain緊張。
如：under extreme tension 處于極度緊張/ （復數(shù)-s）緊張（狀態(tài)）。
如：the tension between labor and mangement 勞資間關(guān)系的緊張
17. The trouble with the solution is that it no longer is on a large scale . on a large scale ：大規(guī)模。
另如：on a tremendous scale 極大的規(guī)模。
The project was undertaken on a grand scale . 這個項目規(guī)模很大。
The reform is carried out on an enormous scale .改革的幅度極大。
18. Out planet， unfortunately， is running out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes. run out of： become short of， become exhausted 用完。
如； We ran out of petrol the other day . 那一天我們汽油用光了。
We are running out of time .我們已經(jīng)沒有時間了。
19. Plot a Revolution plot： plan secretly密謀。
如：They plotted how to kill him .他們密謀如何殺死他。
The criminals were plotting to rob the bank.犯罪密謀搶銀行。
20. …… those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process and who believe that the institytion can only be changed by force . a. tedious： long and tiresome冗長乏味的。
如：a tedious lecture 冗長的演講；tedious work乏味的工作b. working（s ）： action ，operation 工作，運作。
如：the workings of the mind， the workings of the nature 自然的運作
21. To them it offers a romantic appeal ， usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure . a. a romantic appeal ： appeal n.： the power to attract the mind or emotions吸引力。
如：Such life has no appeal for me .這種生活對我沒有吸引力。
That sort of music has lost its appeal for me . 這種音樂已經(jīng)失去了對我的吸引力。
v. appeal to：吸引。
如：Does the menu appeal to me？菜單吸引我了嗎？
The novel appeals to women .這本小說吸引女性讀者。
b. dashing： vigorously lovely； brilliant or showy 精力充沛的；華麗的c. charismatic名詞形式為charisma（使大眾信服的）領(lǐng)袖魅力
22. Let‘s smash it and build something better on the ruins . on the ruins ： the remains of destroyed or decaying or town廢墟，遺跡，殘骸。
如：the ruins of a castle 一座城堡的廢墟
23. These are the ones whose revolution did not come off，……
come off： happen ， occur發(fā)生。
如：The invasion came off last week . 入侵是上星期發(fā)生的。
To be effective or successful 生效，成功。
如：She didn‘t come off well in the interview . 她的面試不很成功。
24. I am not， of course， suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing . accomplish： bring to a successful conclusion ； achievement完成。
如：accomplish something / a great deal / miracles實現(xiàn)某種目標/ 取得很大成就/ 實現(xiàn)奇跡accomplish： skilled， expert 熟練的，內(nèi)行的。
如：an accomplish golf player 技術(shù)精湛的高爾夫運動員accomplishment（s ）修養(yǎng)，才藝。
如：a woman of many accomplishment多才多藝的女人
25. For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of， cleansed of all human meanness . cleanse ： make clean 清洗。
如：She cleansed the wound with alcohol . 她用酒精清洗傷口。
cleanse sin from the soul = cleanse the soul of sin 清洗靈魂的罪惡
26. At first glance ， this course is far from inviting. inviting ： temptingly attractive誘人的。
如：an inviting smile 迷人的微笑/an inviting dish 誘人的菜肴
27. It depends on the exasperting and uncertain instruments of persuasion ……
exasperate： annoy extremely令人怒不可遏如：Constant interruptions exasperate me .不斷的中斷讓我怒火中燒。
28. It demands patience ， always in short supply . （be） in short supply：供應(yīng)不足，短缺。
如：Food is in short supply . 食物供應(yīng)不足。
Honesty is in short supply .缺乏誠實（的人）。
29. …… as soon as you capture one mountain range， another one looms just ahead。 loom： come into view in indistint and enlarged form忽隱忽現(xiàn)。
如：The iceberg loomed out of the mist .冰山在迷霧中忽隱忽現(xiàn)。
Dangers are looming ahead . 危險陰森森地逼近。
30. …… of coping with war in unfamiliar guises . guise： a false or assumed appearance or disguise 外貌，偽裝。
如：an old idea in a new guise老觀念新面貌（新瓶裝舊酒）
in the guise of 打扮成……的樣子。
如：the king in the guise of a beggar 裝扮成乞丐的國王under the guise of以……為借口。
如：under the guise of friendship 以友誼為幌子
31. It dawned on us rather suddenly that……
dawn on ： begin to be known， or realized常用先行詞it，表示“ 明白過來”。如：It has slowly dawned upon me that he will not lend a helping hand to us when we are in trouble.我慢慢明白，當我們碰到麻煩的時候，他是不會伸出援手的。