序言
大多數(shù)軟件許可證決意剝奪你的共享和修改軟件的自由。對比之下，GNU通用公共許可證力圖保證你的共享和修改自由軟件的自由?！ＷC自由軟件對所有用戶是自由的。GPL適用于大多數(shù)自由軟件基金會的軟件，以及由使用這些軟件而承擔義務(wù)的作者所開發(fā)的軟件。（自由軟件基金會的其他一些軟件受GNU庫通用許可證的保護）。你也可以將它用到你的程序中。
當我們談到自由軟件（free software）時，我們指的是自由而不是價格。
我們的GNU通用公共許可證決意保證你有發(fā)布自由軟件的自由（如果你愿意，你可以對此項服務(wù)收取一定的費用）；保證你能收到源程序或者在你需要時能得到它；保證你能修改軟件或?qū)⑺囊徊糠钟糜谛碌淖杂绍浖欢疫€保證你知道你能做這些事情。
為了保護你的權(quán)利，我們需要作出規(guī)定：禁止任何人不承認你的權(quán)利，或者要求你放棄這些權(quán)利。如果你修改了自由軟件或者發(fā)布了軟件的副本，這些規(guī)定就轉(zhuǎn)化為你的責任。
例如，如果你發(fā)布這樣一個程序的副本，不管是收費的還是免費的，你必須將你具有的一切權(quán)利給予你的接受者；你必須保證他們能收到或得到源程序；并且將這些條款給他們看，使他們知道他們有這樣的權(quán)利。
我們采取兩項措施來保護你的權(quán)利。
（1）給軟件以版權(quán)保護。
（2）給你提供許可證。它給你復制，發(fā)布和修改這些軟件的法律許可。
同樣，為了保護每個作者和我們自己，我們需要清楚地讓每個人明白，自由軟件沒有擔保（no warranty）。如果由于其他某個人修改了軟件，并繼續(xù)加以傳播。我們需要它的接受者明白：他們所得到的并不是原來的自由軟件。由其他人引入的任何問題，不應(yīng)損害原作者的聲譽。
最后，任何自由軟件不斷受到軟件專利的威脅。我們希望避免這樣的風險，自由軟件的再發(fā)布者以個人名義獲得專利許可證。事實上，將軟件變?yōu)樗接?。為防止這一點，我們必須明確：任何專利必須以允許每個人自由使用為前提，否則就不準許有專利。
下面是有關(guān)復制，發(fā)布和修改的確切的條款和條件。
GNU通用公共許可證
有關(guān)復制，發(fā)布和修改的條款和條件
0. 此許可證適用于任何包含版權(quán)所有者聲明的程序和其他作品，版權(quán)所有者在聲明中明確說明程序和作品可以在GPL條款的約束下發(fā)布。下面提到的“程序”
指的是任何這樣的程序或作品。而“基于程序的作品”指的是程序或者任何受版權(quán)法約束的衍生作品。也就是說包含程序或程序的一部分的作品?？梢允窃獠粍拥?，或經(jīng)過修改的和／或翻譯成其他語言的（程序）。在下文中，翻譯包含在修改的條款中。每個許可證接受人（licensee）用你來稱呼。
許可證條款不適用于復制，發(fā)布和修改以外的活動。這些活動超出這些條款的范圍。運行程序的活動不受條款的限止。僅當程序的輸出構(gòu)成基于程序作品的內(nèi)容時，這一條款才適用（如果只運行程序就無關(guān)）。是否普遍適用取決于程序具體用來做什么。
1. 只要你在每一副本上明顯和恰當?shù)爻霭姘鏅?quán)聲明和不 械５１５ 聲明，保持此許可證的聲明和沒有擔保的聲明完整無損，并和程序一起給每個其他的程序接受者一份許可證的副本，你就可以用任何媒體復制和發(fā)布你收到的原始的程序的源代碼。
你可以為轉(zhuǎn)讓副本的實際行動收取一定費用。你也有權(quán)選擇提供擔保以換取一定的費用。
2. 你可以修改程序的一個或幾個副本或程序的任何部分，以此形成基于程序的作品。只要你同時滿足下面的所有條件，你就可以按前面第一款的要求復制和發(fā)布這一經(jīng)過修改的程序或作品。
a） 你必須在修改的文件中附有明確的說明：你修改了這一文件及具體的修改日期。
b） 你必須使你發(fā)布或出版的作品（它包含程序的全部或一部分，或包含由程序的全部或部分衍生的作品）允許第三方作為整體按許可證條款免費使用。
c） 如果修改的程序在運行時以交互方式讀取命令，你必須使它在開始進入常規(guī)的交互使用方式時打印或顯示聲明：包括適當?shù)陌鏅?quán)聲明和沒有擔保的聲明（或者你提供擔保的聲明）；用戶可以按此許可證條款重新發(fā)布程序的說明；并告訴用戶如何看到這一許可證的副本。（例外的情況：如果原始程序以交互方式工作，它并不打印這樣的聲明，你的基于程序的作品也就不用打印聲明）。
這些要求適用于修改了的作品的整體。如果能夠確定作品的一部分并非程序的衍生產(chǎn)品，可以合理地認為這部分是獨立的，是不同的作品。當你將它作為獨立作品發(fā)布時，它不受此許可證和它的條款的約束。但是當你將這部分作為基于程序的作品的一部分發(fā)布時，作為整體它將受到許可證條款約束。準予其他許可證持有人的使用范圍擴大到整個產(chǎn)品。也就是每個部分，不管它是誰寫的。
因此，本條款的意圖不在于索取權(quán)利；或剝奪全部由你寫成的作品的權(quán)利。
而是履行權(quán)利來控制基于程序的集體作品或衍生作品的發(fā)布。
此外，將與程序無關(guān)的作品和該程序或基于程序的作品一起放在存貯體或發(fā)布媒體的同一卷上，并不導致將其他作品置于此許可證的約束范圍之內(nèi)。
3. 你可以以目標碼或可執(zhí)行形式復制或發(fā)布程序（或符合第2款的基于程序的作品），只要你遵守前面的第1，2款，并同時滿足下列3條中的1條。
a）在通常用作軟件交換的媒體上，和目標碼一起附有機器可讀的完整的源碼。這些源碼的發(fā)布應(yīng)符合上面第1，2款的要求?；蛘?BR> b）在通常用作軟件交換的媒體上，和目標碼一起，附有給第三方提供相應(yīng)的機器可讀的源碼的書面報價。有效期不少于3年，費用不超過實際完成源程序發(fā)布的實際成本。源碼的發(fā)布應(yīng)符合上面的第1，2款的要求?；蛘?BR> c）和目標碼一起，附有你收到的發(fā)布源碼的報價信息。（這一條款只適用于非商業(yè)性發(fā)布，而且你只收到程序的目標碼或可執(zhí)行代碼和按b）款要求提供的報價）。
作品的源碼指的是對作品進行修改先擇取的形式。對可執(zhí)行的作品講，完整的源碼包括：所有模塊的所有源程序，加上有關(guān)的接口的定義，加上控制可執(zhí)行作品的安裝和編譯的script.作為特殊例外，發(fā)布的源碼不必包含任何常規(guī)發(fā)布的供可執(zhí)行代碼在上面運行的操作系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分（如編譯程序，內(nèi)核等）。除非這些組成部分和可執(zhí)行作品結(jié)合在一起。
如果采用提供對指定地點的訪問和復制的方式發(fā)布可執(zhí)行碼或目標碼，那么，提供對同一地點的訪問和復制源碼可以算作源碼的發(fā)布，即使第三方不強求與目標碼一起復制源碼。
4. 除非你明確按許可證提出的要求去做，否則你不能復制，修改，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)許可證和發(fā)布程序。任何試圖用其他方式復制，修改，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)許可證和發(fā)布程序是無效的。而且將自動結(jié)束許可證賦予你的權(quán)利。然而，對那些從你那里按許可證條款得到副本和權(quán)利的人們，只要他們繼續(xù)全面履行條款，許可證賦予他們的權(quán)利仍然有效。
5. 你沒有在許可證上簽字，因而你沒有必要一定接受這一許可證。然而，沒有任何其他東西賦予你修改和發(fā)布程序及其衍生作品的權(quán)利。如果你不接受許可證，這些行為是法律禁止的。因此，如果你修改或發(fā)布程序（或任何基于程序的作品），你就表明你接受這一許可證以及它的所有有關(guān)復制，發(fā)布和修改程序或基于程序的作品的條款和條件。
6. 每當你重新發(fā)布程序（或任何基于程序的作品）時，接受者自動從原始許可證頒發(fā)者那里接到受這些條款和條件支配的復制，發(fā)布或修改程序的許可證。你不可以對接受者履行這里賦予他們的權(quán)利強加其他限制。你也沒有強求第三方履行許可證條款的義務(wù)。
7. 如果由于法院判決或違反專利的指控或任何其他原因（不限于專利問題）的結(jié)果，強加于你的條件（不管是法院判決，協(xié)議或其他）和許可證的條件有沖突。他們也不能用許可證條款為你開脫。在你不能同時滿足本許可證規(guī)定的義務(wù)及其他相關(guān)的義務(wù)時，作為結(jié)果，你可以根本不發(fā)布程序。例如，如果某一專利許可證不允許所有那些直接或間接從你那里接受副本的人們在不付專利費的情況下重新發(fā)布程序，能同時滿足兩方面要求的辦法是停止發(fā)布程序。
如果本條款的任何部分在特定的環(huán)境下無效或無法實施，就使用條款的其余部分。并將條款作為整體用于其他環(huán)境。
本條款的目的不在于引誘你侵犯專利或其他財產(chǎn)權(quán)的要求，或爭論這種要求的有效性。本條款的主要目的在于保護自由軟件發(fā)布系統(tǒng)的完整性。它是通過通用公共許可證的應(yīng)用來實現(xiàn)的。許多人堅持應(yīng)用這一系統(tǒng)，已經(jīng)為通過這一系統(tǒng)發(fā)布大量自由軟件作出慷慨的供獻。作者／捐獻者有權(quán)決定他／她是否通過任何其他系統(tǒng)發(fā)布軟件。許可證持有人不能強制這種選擇。
本節(jié)的目的在于明確說明許可證其余部分可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
8. 如果由于專利或者由于有版權(quán)的接口問題使程序在某些國家的發(fā)布和使用受到限止，將此程序置于許可證約束下的原始版權(quán)擁有者可以增加限止發(fā)布地區(qū)的條款，將這些國家明確排除在外。并在這些國家以外的地區(qū)發(fā)布程序。在這種情況下，許可證包含的限止條款和許可證正文一樣有效。
9. 自由軟件基金會可能隨時出版通用公共許可證的修改版或新版。新版和當前的版本在原則上保持一致，但在提到新問題時或有關(guān)事項時，在細節(jié)上可能出現(xiàn)差別。
每一版本都有不同的版本號。如果程序指定適用于它的許可證版本號以及“任何更新的版本”。你有權(quán)選擇遵循指定的版本或自由軟件基金會以后出版的新版本，如果程序未指定許可證版本，你可選擇自由軟件基金會已經(jīng)出版的任何版本。
10. 如果你愿意將程序的一部分結(jié)合到其他自由程序中，而它們的發(fā)布條件不同。寫信給作者，要求準予使用。如果是自由軟件基金會加以版權(quán)保護的軟件，寫信給自由軟件基金會。我們有時會作為例外的情況處理。我們的決定受兩個主要目標的指導。這兩個主要目標是：我們的自由軟件的衍生作品繼續(xù)保持自由狀態(tài)。以及從整體上促進軟件的共享和重復利用。
沒有擔保
11. 由于程序準予免費使用，在適用法準許的范圍內(nèi)，對程序沒有擔保。除非另有書面說明，版權(quán)所有者和／或其他提供程序的人們“一樣”不提供任何類型的擔保。不論是明確的，還是隱含的。包括但不限于隱含的適銷和適合特定用途的保證。全部的風險，如程序的質(zhì)量和性能問題都由你來承擔。如果程序出現(xiàn)缺陷，你承擔所有必要的服務(wù)，修復和改正的費用。
12. 除非適用法或書面協(xié)議的要求，在任何情況下，任何版權(quán)所有者或任何按許可證條款修改和發(fā)布程序的人們都不對你的損失負有任何責任。包括由于使用或不能使用程序引起的任何一般的，特殊的，偶然發(fā)生的或重大的損失（包括但不限于數(shù)據(jù)的損失，或者數(shù)據(jù)變得不精確，或者你或第三方的持續(xù)的損失，或者程序不能和其他程序協(xié)調(diào)運行等）。即使版權(quán)所有者和其他人提到這種損失的可能性也不例外。
最后的條款和條件
如何將這些條款用到你的新程序
如果你開發(fā)了新程序，而且你需要它得到公眾限度的利用。要做到這一點的辦法是將它變?yōu)樽杂绍浖?。使得每個人都能在遵守條款的基礎(chǔ)上對它進行修改和重新發(fā)布。
為了做到這一點，給程序附上下列聲明。最安全的方式是將它放在每個源程序的開頭，以便地傳遞拒絕擔保的信息。每個文件至少應(yīng)有“版權(quán)所有”
行以及在什么地方能看到聲明全文的說明。
<用一行空間給出程序的名稱和它用來做什么的簡單說明>
版權(quán)所有（C） 19XX <作者姓名>
這一程序是自由軟件，你可以遵照自由軟件基金會出版的GNU通用公共許可證條款來修改和重新發(fā)布這一程序?；蛘哂迷S可證的第二版，或者（根據(jù)你的選擇）用任何更新的版本。
發(fā)布這一程序的目的是希望它有用，但沒有任何擔保。甚至沒有適合特定目的的隱含的擔保。更詳細的情況請參閱GNU通用公共許可證。
你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)和程序一起收到一份GNU通用公共許可證的副本。如果還沒有，寫信給：
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
還應(yīng)加上如何和你保持聯(lián)系的信息。
如果程序以交互方式進行工作，當它開始進入交互方式工作時，使它輸出類似下面的簡短聲明：
Gnomovision 第69版， 版權(quán)所有（C） 19XX， 作者姓名，Gnomovision絕對沒有擔保。 要知道詳細情況，請輸入'show w'.這是自由軟件，歡迎你遵守一定的條件重新發(fā)布它，要知道詳細情況，請輸入'show c'.
假設(shè)的命令'show w'和'show c'應(yīng)顯示通用公共許可證的相應(yīng)條款。當然，你使用的命令名稱可以不同于'show w'和'show c'.根據(jù)你的程序的具體情況，也可以用菜單或鼠標選項來顯示這些條款。
如果需要，你應(yīng)該取得你的上司（如果你是程序員）或你的學校簽署放棄程序版權(quán)的聲明。下面只是一個例子，你應(yīng)該改變相應(yīng)的名稱：
Yoyodyne公司以此方式放棄James Harker所寫的 Gnomovision程序的全部版權(quán)利益。
1989.4.1
Ty coon付總裁
這一許可證不允許你將程序并入專用程序。如果你的程序是一個子程序庫。
你可能會認為用庫的方式和專用應(yīng)用程序連接更有用。如果這是你想做的事，使用GNU庫通用公共許可證代替本許可證。
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright （C） 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
the licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software——to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation''s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. （Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.） You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software （and charge for this service if you wish）, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. these restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: （1） copyright the software, and（2） offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author''s protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors'' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone''s free use or not licensed at all.
the precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. （Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".） Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program （independent of having been made by running the Program）. Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program''s source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a） You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b） You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
c） If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty （or else, saying that you provide a warranty） and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. （Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.）
these requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere agGREgation of another work not based on the Program with the Program （or with a work based on the Program） on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program （or a work based on it, under Section 2） in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a） Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b） Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
c） Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. （This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.）
the source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed （in either source or binary form） with the major components （compiler, kernel, and so on） of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program （or any work based on the Program）, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program （or any work based on the Program）, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients'' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason （not limited to patent issues）, conditions are imposed on you （whether by court order, aGREement or otherwise） that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. the Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE the PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR the PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OtheRWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE the PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, the IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. the ENTIRE RISK AS TO the QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME the COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OtheR PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE the PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF the USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM （INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF the PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS）, EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OtheR PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply these Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the GREatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
Copyright （C） 19yy
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or（at your option） any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright （C） 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w''. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'' for details.
the hypothetical commands `show w'' and `show c'' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w'' and `show c''; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items——whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer （if you work as a programmer） or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision'' （which makes passes at compilers） written by James Hacker.
1, April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.
大多數(shù)軟件許可證決意剝奪你的共享和修改軟件的自由。對比之下，GNU通用公共許可證力圖保證你的共享和修改自由軟件的自由?！ＷC自由軟件對所有用戶是自由的。GPL適用于大多數(shù)自由軟件基金會的軟件，以及由使用這些軟件而承擔義務(wù)的作者所開發(fā)的軟件。（自由軟件基金會的其他一些軟件受GNU庫通用許可證的保護）。你也可以將它用到你的程序中。
當我們談到自由軟件（free software）時，我們指的是自由而不是價格。
我們的GNU通用公共許可證決意保證你有發(fā)布自由軟件的自由（如果你愿意，你可以對此項服務(wù)收取一定的費用）；保證你能收到源程序或者在你需要時能得到它；保證你能修改軟件或?qū)⑺囊徊糠钟糜谛碌淖杂绍浖欢疫€保證你知道你能做這些事情。
為了保護你的權(quán)利，我們需要作出規(guī)定：禁止任何人不承認你的權(quán)利，或者要求你放棄這些權(quán)利。如果你修改了自由軟件或者發(fā)布了軟件的副本，這些規(guī)定就轉(zhuǎn)化為你的責任。
例如，如果你發(fā)布這樣一個程序的副本，不管是收費的還是免費的，你必須將你具有的一切權(quán)利給予你的接受者；你必須保證他們能收到或得到源程序；并且將這些條款給他們看，使他們知道他們有這樣的權(quán)利。
我們采取兩項措施來保護你的權(quán)利。
（1）給軟件以版權(quán)保護。
（2）給你提供許可證。它給你復制，發(fā)布和修改這些軟件的法律許可。
同樣，為了保護每個作者和我們自己，我們需要清楚地讓每個人明白，自由軟件沒有擔保（no warranty）。如果由于其他某個人修改了軟件，并繼續(xù)加以傳播。我們需要它的接受者明白：他們所得到的并不是原來的自由軟件。由其他人引入的任何問題，不應(yīng)損害原作者的聲譽。
最后，任何自由軟件不斷受到軟件專利的威脅。我們希望避免這樣的風險，自由軟件的再發(fā)布者以個人名義獲得專利許可證。事實上，將軟件變?yōu)樗接?。為防止這一點，我們必須明確：任何專利必須以允許每個人自由使用為前提，否則就不準許有專利。
下面是有關(guān)復制，發(fā)布和修改的確切的條款和條件。
GNU通用公共許可證
有關(guān)復制，發(fā)布和修改的條款和條件
0. 此許可證適用于任何包含版權(quán)所有者聲明的程序和其他作品，版權(quán)所有者在聲明中明確說明程序和作品可以在GPL條款的約束下發(fā)布。下面提到的“程序”
指的是任何這樣的程序或作品。而“基于程序的作品”指的是程序或者任何受版權(quán)法約束的衍生作品。也就是說包含程序或程序的一部分的作品?？梢允窃獠粍拥?，或經(jīng)過修改的和／或翻譯成其他語言的（程序）。在下文中，翻譯包含在修改的條款中。每個許可證接受人（licensee）用你來稱呼。
許可證條款不適用于復制，發(fā)布和修改以外的活動。這些活動超出這些條款的范圍。運行程序的活動不受條款的限止。僅當程序的輸出構(gòu)成基于程序作品的內(nèi)容時，這一條款才適用（如果只運行程序就無關(guān)）。是否普遍適用取決于程序具體用來做什么。
1. 只要你在每一副本上明顯和恰當?shù)爻霭姘鏅?quán)聲明和不 械５１５ 聲明，保持此許可證的聲明和沒有擔保的聲明完整無損，并和程序一起給每個其他的程序接受者一份許可證的副本，你就可以用任何媒體復制和發(fā)布你收到的原始的程序的源代碼。
你可以為轉(zhuǎn)讓副本的實際行動收取一定費用。你也有權(quán)選擇提供擔保以換取一定的費用。
2. 你可以修改程序的一個或幾個副本或程序的任何部分，以此形成基于程序的作品。只要你同時滿足下面的所有條件，你就可以按前面第一款的要求復制和發(fā)布這一經(jīng)過修改的程序或作品。
a） 你必須在修改的文件中附有明確的說明：你修改了這一文件及具體的修改日期。
b） 你必須使你發(fā)布或出版的作品（它包含程序的全部或一部分，或包含由程序的全部或部分衍生的作品）允許第三方作為整體按許可證條款免費使用。
c） 如果修改的程序在運行時以交互方式讀取命令，你必須使它在開始進入常規(guī)的交互使用方式時打印或顯示聲明：包括適當?shù)陌鏅?quán)聲明和沒有擔保的聲明（或者你提供擔保的聲明）；用戶可以按此許可證條款重新發(fā)布程序的說明；并告訴用戶如何看到這一許可證的副本。（例外的情況：如果原始程序以交互方式工作，它并不打印這樣的聲明，你的基于程序的作品也就不用打印聲明）。
這些要求適用于修改了的作品的整體。如果能夠確定作品的一部分并非程序的衍生產(chǎn)品，可以合理地認為這部分是獨立的，是不同的作品。當你將它作為獨立作品發(fā)布時，它不受此許可證和它的條款的約束。但是當你將這部分作為基于程序的作品的一部分發(fā)布時，作為整體它將受到許可證條款約束。準予其他許可證持有人的使用范圍擴大到整個產(chǎn)品。也就是每個部分，不管它是誰寫的。
因此，本條款的意圖不在于索取權(quán)利；或剝奪全部由你寫成的作品的權(quán)利。
而是履行權(quán)利來控制基于程序的集體作品或衍生作品的發(fā)布。
此外，將與程序無關(guān)的作品和該程序或基于程序的作品一起放在存貯體或發(fā)布媒體的同一卷上，并不導致將其他作品置于此許可證的約束范圍之內(nèi)。
3. 你可以以目標碼或可執(zhí)行形式復制或發(fā)布程序（或符合第2款的基于程序的作品），只要你遵守前面的第1，2款，并同時滿足下列3條中的1條。
a）在通常用作軟件交換的媒體上，和目標碼一起附有機器可讀的完整的源碼。這些源碼的發(fā)布應(yīng)符合上面第1，2款的要求?；蛘?BR> b）在通常用作軟件交換的媒體上，和目標碼一起，附有給第三方提供相應(yīng)的機器可讀的源碼的書面報價。有效期不少于3年，費用不超過實際完成源程序發(fā)布的實際成本。源碼的發(fā)布應(yīng)符合上面的第1，2款的要求?；蛘?BR> c）和目標碼一起，附有你收到的發(fā)布源碼的報價信息。（這一條款只適用于非商業(yè)性發(fā)布，而且你只收到程序的目標碼或可執(zhí)行代碼和按b）款要求提供的報價）。
作品的源碼指的是對作品進行修改先擇取的形式。對可執(zhí)行的作品講，完整的源碼包括：所有模塊的所有源程序，加上有關(guān)的接口的定義，加上控制可執(zhí)行作品的安裝和編譯的script.作為特殊例外，發(fā)布的源碼不必包含任何常規(guī)發(fā)布的供可執(zhí)行代碼在上面運行的操作系統(tǒng)的主要組成部分（如編譯程序，內(nèi)核等）。除非這些組成部分和可執(zhí)行作品結(jié)合在一起。
如果采用提供對指定地點的訪問和復制的方式發(fā)布可執(zhí)行碼或目標碼，那么，提供對同一地點的訪問和復制源碼可以算作源碼的發(fā)布，即使第三方不強求與目標碼一起復制源碼。
4. 除非你明確按許可證提出的要求去做，否則你不能復制，修改，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)許可證和發(fā)布程序。任何試圖用其他方式復制，修改，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)許可證和發(fā)布程序是無效的。而且將自動結(jié)束許可證賦予你的權(quán)利。然而，對那些從你那里按許可證條款得到副本和權(quán)利的人們，只要他們繼續(xù)全面履行條款，許可證賦予他們的權(quán)利仍然有效。
5. 你沒有在許可證上簽字，因而你沒有必要一定接受這一許可證。然而，沒有任何其他東西賦予你修改和發(fā)布程序及其衍生作品的權(quán)利。如果你不接受許可證，這些行為是法律禁止的。因此，如果你修改或發(fā)布程序（或任何基于程序的作品），你就表明你接受這一許可證以及它的所有有關(guān)復制，發(fā)布和修改程序或基于程序的作品的條款和條件。
6. 每當你重新發(fā)布程序（或任何基于程序的作品）時，接受者自動從原始許可證頒發(fā)者那里接到受這些條款和條件支配的復制，發(fā)布或修改程序的許可證。你不可以對接受者履行這里賦予他們的權(quán)利強加其他限制。你也沒有強求第三方履行許可證條款的義務(wù)。
7. 如果由于法院判決或違反專利的指控或任何其他原因（不限于專利問題）的結(jié)果，強加于你的條件（不管是法院判決，協(xié)議或其他）和許可證的條件有沖突。他們也不能用許可證條款為你開脫。在你不能同時滿足本許可證規(guī)定的義務(wù)及其他相關(guān)的義務(wù)時，作為結(jié)果，你可以根本不發(fā)布程序。例如，如果某一專利許可證不允許所有那些直接或間接從你那里接受副本的人們在不付專利費的情況下重新發(fā)布程序，能同時滿足兩方面要求的辦法是停止發(fā)布程序。
如果本條款的任何部分在特定的環(huán)境下無效或無法實施，就使用條款的其余部分。并將條款作為整體用于其他環(huán)境。
本條款的目的不在于引誘你侵犯專利或其他財產(chǎn)權(quán)的要求，或爭論這種要求的有效性。本條款的主要目的在于保護自由軟件發(fā)布系統(tǒng)的完整性。它是通過通用公共許可證的應(yīng)用來實現(xiàn)的。許多人堅持應(yīng)用這一系統(tǒng)，已經(jīng)為通過這一系統(tǒng)發(fā)布大量自由軟件作出慷慨的供獻。作者／捐獻者有權(quán)決定他／她是否通過任何其他系統(tǒng)發(fā)布軟件。許可證持有人不能強制這種選擇。
本節(jié)的目的在于明確說明許可證其余部分可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。
8. 如果由于專利或者由于有版權(quán)的接口問題使程序在某些國家的發(fā)布和使用受到限止，將此程序置于許可證約束下的原始版權(quán)擁有者可以增加限止發(fā)布地區(qū)的條款，將這些國家明確排除在外。并在這些國家以外的地區(qū)發(fā)布程序。在這種情況下，許可證包含的限止條款和許可證正文一樣有效。
9. 自由軟件基金會可能隨時出版通用公共許可證的修改版或新版。新版和當前的版本在原則上保持一致，但在提到新問題時或有關(guān)事項時，在細節(jié)上可能出現(xiàn)差別。
每一版本都有不同的版本號。如果程序指定適用于它的許可證版本號以及“任何更新的版本”。你有權(quán)選擇遵循指定的版本或自由軟件基金會以后出版的新版本，如果程序未指定許可證版本，你可選擇自由軟件基金會已經(jīng)出版的任何版本。
10. 如果你愿意將程序的一部分結(jié)合到其他自由程序中，而它們的發(fā)布條件不同。寫信給作者，要求準予使用。如果是自由軟件基金會加以版權(quán)保護的軟件，寫信給自由軟件基金會。我們有時會作為例外的情況處理。我們的決定受兩個主要目標的指導。這兩個主要目標是：我們的自由軟件的衍生作品繼續(xù)保持自由狀態(tài)。以及從整體上促進軟件的共享和重復利用。
沒有擔保
11. 由于程序準予免費使用，在適用法準許的范圍內(nèi)，對程序沒有擔保。除非另有書面說明，版權(quán)所有者和／或其他提供程序的人們“一樣”不提供任何類型的擔保。不論是明確的，還是隱含的。包括但不限于隱含的適銷和適合特定用途的保證。全部的風險，如程序的質(zhì)量和性能問題都由你來承擔。如果程序出現(xiàn)缺陷，你承擔所有必要的服務(wù)，修復和改正的費用。
12. 除非適用法或書面協(xié)議的要求，在任何情況下，任何版權(quán)所有者或任何按許可證條款修改和發(fā)布程序的人們都不對你的損失負有任何責任。包括由于使用或不能使用程序引起的任何一般的，特殊的，偶然發(fā)生的或重大的損失（包括但不限于數(shù)據(jù)的損失，或者數(shù)據(jù)變得不精確，或者你或第三方的持續(xù)的損失，或者程序不能和其他程序協(xié)調(diào)運行等）。即使版權(quán)所有者和其他人提到這種損失的可能性也不例外。
最后的條款和條件
如何將這些條款用到你的新程序
如果你開發(fā)了新程序，而且你需要它得到公眾限度的利用。要做到這一點的辦法是將它變?yōu)樽杂绍浖?。使得每個人都能在遵守條款的基礎(chǔ)上對它進行修改和重新發(fā)布。
為了做到這一點，給程序附上下列聲明。最安全的方式是將它放在每個源程序的開頭，以便地傳遞拒絕擔保的信息。每個文件至少應(yīng)有“版權(quán)所有”
行以及在什么地方能看到聲明全文的說明。
<用一行空間給出程序的名稱和它用來做什么的簡單說明>
版權(quán)所有（C） 19XX <作者姓名>
這一程序是自由軟件，你可以遵照自由軟件基金會出版的GNU通用公共許可證條款來修改和重新發(fā)布這一程序?；蛘哂迷S可證的第二版，或者（根據(jù)你的選擇）用任何更新的版本。
發(fā)布這一程序的目的是希望它有用，但沒有任何擔保。甚至沒有適合特定目的的隱含的擔保。更詳細的情況請參閱GNU通用公共許可證。
你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)和程序一起收到一份GNU通用公共許可證的副本。如果還沒有，寫信給：
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
還應(yīng)加上如何和你保持聯(lián)系的信息。
如果程序以交互方式進行工作，當它開始進入交互方式工作時，使它輸出類似下面的簡短聲明：
Gnomovision 第69版， 版權(quán)所有（C） 19XX， 作者姓名，Gnomovision絕對沒有擔保。 要知道詳細情況，請輸入'show w'.這是自由軟件，歡迎你遵守一定的條件重新發(fā)布它，要知道詳細情況，請輸入'show c'.
假設(shè)的命令'show w'和'show c'應(yīng)顯示通用公共許可證的相應(yīng)條款。當然，你使用的命令名稱可以不同于'show w'和'show c'.根據(jù)你的程序的具體情況，也可以用菜單或鼠標選項來顯示這些條款。
如果需要，你應(yīng)該取得你的上司（如果你是程序員）或你的學校簽署放棄程序版權(quán)的聲明。下面只是一個例子，你應(yīng)該改變相應(yīng)的名稱：
Yoyodyne公司以此方式放棄James Harker所寫的 Gnomovision程序的全部版權(quán)利益。
1989.4.1
Ty coon付總裁
這一許可證不允許你將程序并入專用程序。如果你的程序是一個子程序庫。
你可能會認為用庫的方式和專用應(yīng)用程序連接更有用。如果這是你想做的事，使用GNU庫通用公共許可證代替本許可證。
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright （C） 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
the licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software——to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation''s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. （Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.） You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software （and charge for this service if you wish）, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. these restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: （1） copyright the software, and（2） offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author''s protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors'' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone''s free use or not licensed at all.
the precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another language. （Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term "modification".） Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program （independent of having been made by running the Program）. Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program''s source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a） You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b） You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
c） If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty （or else, saying that you provide a warranty） and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License. （Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement.）
these requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere agGREgation of another work not based on the Program with the Program （or with a work based on the Program） on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program （or a work based on it, under Section 2） in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a） Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b） Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
c） Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. （This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.）
the source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed （in either source or binary form） with the major components （compiler, kernel, and so on） of the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program （or any work based on the Program）, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program （or any work based on the Program）, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients'' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason （not limited to patent issues）, conditions are imposed on you （whether by court order, aGREement or otherwise） that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. the Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE the PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR the PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OtheRWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE the PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, the IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. the ENTIRE RISK AS TO the QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME the COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OtheR PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE the PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF the USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM （INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF the PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS）, EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OtheR PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply these Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the GREatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
Copyright （C） 19yy
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or（at your option） any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright （C） 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w''. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c'' for details.
the hypothetical commands `show w'' and `show c'' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w'' and `show c''; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items——whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer （if you work as a programmer） or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision'' （which makes passes at compilers） written by James Hacker.
1, April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.