Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also， sometimes， to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big， powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam， for example， stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
And yet， the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week， in the heart of civilized Europe， Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs， and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile， in India， the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful， but they are far from guaranteed.Proper， scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths， it is hard to be either proper， or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam to be saved.
51. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that ________.
（A）people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
（B）the blind could be happier than the sighted
（C）over-excited people tend to neglect vital things
（D）fascination makes people lose their eyesight
52. In paragraph 5， “the powerless” probably refers to ________.
（A）areas short of electricity
（B）dams without power stations
（C）poor countries around India
（D）common people in the Narmada Dam area
53. What is the myth concerning giant dams？
（A）They bring in more fertile soil.
（B）They help defend the country.
（C）They strengthen international ties.
（D）They have universal control of the waters.
54. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ________.
（A）“It's no use crying over spilt milk”
（B）“More haste， less speed”
（C）“Look before you leap”
（D）“He who laughs last laughs best”
答案及試題解析
CDDC
51.（C）意為：過于興奮的人容易忽視極為重要的事情。
第一段指出，在重大技術(shù)所創(chuàng)造的東西中，很少有比大壩更能體現(xiàn)人的幻想的。也許是因?yàn)槿祟愰L(zhǎng)期遭受洪澇和干旱的襲擊，使人類（通過筑壩）制服洪水的愿望顯得更加令人興奮不已（該句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，基本句型是：it is…… that makes…… so fascinating）。這兩句談的是人們的愿望；本段第三、四句話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，指出愿望與現(xiàn)實(shí)往往相反，所以，第三句應(yīng)該在第一、二句意思的基礎(chǔ)上理解。第三句可理解為：但是，興奮有時(shí)候也表現(xiàn)為盲目。而第三句的意思又被第四句進(jìn)一步闡釋為：有些大壩工程為害多于為善（do more harm than good）。盲目建設(shè)大壩的危害在第三、五段都舉了具體例子加以說明。
A意為：人們?nèi)绻麩o視現(xiàn)實(shí)就會(huì)感到高興。
B意為：盲人比有眼睛的人更幸福。
D怠為：興奮使人雙目失明。
52.（D）意為：訥爾默達(dá)河大壩周圍的平民百姓。
訥爾默達(dá)河位于印度。根據(jù)第五段，建設(shè)訥爾默達(dá)河大壩（Narmada Dam）本來就是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤（wrong-headed），但是，世界銀行還是向印度貸款，支持大壩建設(shè)。銀行的顧問指出，大壩將給平民百姓帶來苦難，給環(huán)境帶來破壞，但是，銀行方面卻一意孤行。大壩的建設(shè)也許會(huì)給掌權(quán)有勢(shì)的人帶來益處。但是，即使這一點(diǎn)也根本沒有保障（即：很難保障大壩會(huì)給有權(quán)勢(shì)者帶來利益）。該句中的the powerless（平民百姓）在意思上應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)于上一句的the powerful（有權(quán)勢(shì)者）。
A意為：缺電力的地區(qū)。
B意為：沒建電站的大壩。
C意為：印度周邊的窮國(guó)。
定冠詞the置于形容詞之前經(jīng)常指一類人，如：the poor窮人，the rich富人，the miserable受苦難的人，the young年輕人，等等。
53.（D）意為：它們普遍能控制住洪水。
第一段第一、二句指出，人們幻想大壩來達(dá)到控制洪水的目的，但有時(shí)意識(shí)不到大壩會(huì)帶來意想不到的后果。第三段也指出，大壩有時(shí)有違其建設(shè)目的，埃及的阿斯旺高壩（Aswan High Dam）就是一個(gè)例子。大壩起到了制服尼羅河洪水泛濫的作用，但也不再有洪水過后留下的肥沃的沖積土壤；換來的只是（all in return for）一個(gè)碩大的病態(tài)水庫，水庫被淤泥填滿，幾乎無法發(fā)電。
第四段指出，盡管如此，制服洪水的神話還在繼續(xù)傳送。這句話的意思是：人們?nèi)匀灰晃兜鼗孟胫ㄟ^建壩來控制水：其含義是，盡管大壩的建設(shè)有時(shí)弊多于利，會(huì)給人類帶來意想不到的后果，但是，人們建壩的熱情還是很高，本段下文提到了斯洛伐克和匈牙利擬在多瑙河上建壩的事。最后一段第二句指出，其實(shí)，水力發(fā)電也好，治水也好，灌溉也好，未必都只有通過建壩進(jìn)行。
A意為：它們帶來更肥沃的土地。
B意為：它們有助于國(guó)防。第二段第二句指出，有些人把建設(shè)碩大的大壩看作是國(guó)家成就的象征，是一個(gè)民族獨(dú)立（assert themselves）的體現(xiàn)，這其實(shí)是一種幻想（It doesn't help that……）；第四段第二、三、四句指出，本周，在文明的歐洲中心，為了多瑙河上的建壩事宜，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人幾乎就要派駐軍隊(duì)了，該大壩也可能產(chǎn)生其他大壩存在的所有問題，但是，斯洛伐克正在鬧獨(dú)立（is bidding for independence），想脫離捷克，它想通過大壩來證明自己的能力和獨(dú)立性（prove itself）?？梢?，人們想通過大壩證明自己的國(guó)力和獨(dú)立性，并非將大壩用于國(guó)防。
C意為；它們?cè)鰪?qiáng)國(guó)際聯(lián)系。
54.（C）意為：“三思而后行?！?BR> 該題實(shí)際上提問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)：作者想通過本文說明什么道理。
文章指出，人們對(duì)大壩的建設(shè)存在很多幻想，所以經(jīng)常事與愿違。在最后一段最后兩句，作者指出，該是我們認(rèn)真吸取阿斯旺大壩的教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。言外之意，不要再存在理想化心理，我們應(yīng)該變得更加理智一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)?，我們未必非要通過大壩來拯救自己（You don't need a dam to be saved.），這一句回溯該段第二句：其實(shí)，水力發(fā)電也好，治水也好，灌溉也好，未必都只有通過建壩實(shí)現(xiàn)。言外之意，應(yīng)該消除對(duì)大壩的迷戀，多動(dòng)腦筋，積極尋求更好的措施解決我們的問題。
A意為：“覆水難收。”比喻后悔是沒有用的。
B意為：“欲速則不達(dá)?！?BR> D意為：“笑到最后才算笑得?！北扔魇艿酱煺蹠r(shí)不要輕易放棄，應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持。
翻譯句子
1、Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
[參考譯文]可能正是長(zhǎng)期以來人類遭受旱澇擺布的苦難使得人們治理江河供我驅(qū)策的理想如此動(dòng)人心魄。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子中包含了一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，基本結(jié)構(gòu)是it is…… that……，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的關(guān)鍵詞是suffering，這個(gè)詞就是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句的主語，因而這個(gè)句子的核心句其實(shí)就是Suffering makes the ideal so fascinating.suffering加上前后的修飾、限定成分是humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought（人類受水旱災(zāi)害控制的長(zhǎng)期的苦難）；ideal后面跟了一個(gè)of引導(dǎo)的分詞短語：forcing the waters to do our bidding（讓河水聽我們吩咐［的這個(gè)理想］）；suffering使得這個(gè)ideal如何呢？so fascinating.在掌握了這個(gè)整體框架之后，這個(gè)句子就很清楚了。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]通過分析結(jié)構(gòu)我們知道此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是suffering這個(gè)使得ideal如此fascinating的這個(gè)因果關(guān)系。一旦給that引導(dǎo)的從句找到了真正的主語suffering，這個(gè)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)就出來了。
2、The Aswan Dam， for example， stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
[參考譯文]例如，阿斯旺大壩使得尼羅河不再洪水泛濫，但是它也奪去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥——這些換來的就是這么個(gè)疾病滋生的水庫，現(xiàn)在這個(gè)水庫積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子首先要注意的是有兩個(gè)謂語：stopped和deprived；然后可以找出這個(gè)句子的核心句：The Aswan Dam stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the silt.第一個(gè)silt后面有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句that floods left修飾silt；破折號(hào)后面的all代替的是破折號(hào)前面所說的the fertile silt，介詞短語in return for后面的賓語帶了一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的從句，修飾的是這個(gè)賓語：a giant reservoir of disease，同時(shí)這個(gè)從句中還有一個(gè)so…… that的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果把這個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的從句分解開來就是The reservoir is now full of silt， so it barely generates electricity.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]此句理解的關(guān)鍵有三個(gè)：一是找到兩個(gè)謂語：stopped和deprived；二是要明白all指的是前面所說的the fertile silt；三就是which引導(dǎo)的從句修飾的是the reservoir of disease這個(gè)名詞短語。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
1、It doesn't help that building a big， powerful dam had become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.[參考譯文]（即使這樣的教訓(xùn)）也無法阻止修建高大雄偉的水壩已經(jīng)成為那些力爭(zhēng)得到自我肯定的國(guó)家和人們的偉大成就的象征。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子中第一個(gè)單詞it指代的是文章中上面的一句話，即“從大型水壩中得到的教訓(xùn)是不一定大的就是好的”。help后面是一個(gè)從句，在這個(gè)從句中，主語是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語，核心句是Building a dam had become a symbol of achievement.分詞短語striving to assert themselves是修飾nations and people的限定成分。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意it doesn't help的意思，此處意為“無法阻止”。
2、This week， in the heart of civilized Europe， Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.[參考譯文]本周在文明的歐洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人為了多瑙河上的一處水壩引起的爭(zhēng)端，差一點(diǎn)就派出了部隊(duì)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子理解上的困難可能出現(xiàn)在短語上。撇開前面的時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語不看，這個(gè)句子的核心句其實(shí)是Slovaks and Hungarians stopped sending troops.這里有兩個(gè)短語需要理解：short of差一點(diǎn)就；send in派遣。后面的in their contention over a dam說的是他們sending in the troops的原因。再加上前后的狀語短語，就有了一個(gè)完整理解。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]這個(gè)句子的短語和介詞非常重要，除了結(jié)構(gòu)分析中所說的兩個(gè)短語之外，in the contentions，over a dam，on the Danube都對(duì)句子理解非常重要。
3、Proper， scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.[參考譯文]對(duì)于水壩的影響作用、水壩控制水流的成本和收益進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)而科學(xué)的研究能夠有助于解決這些沖突。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子的核心句是Study can help to resolve conflicts.但是理解的重點(diǎn)卻在study后面的修飾成分，因?yàn)閟tudy后面有兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的of，說明了study的內(nèi)容：study of the impacts of dams和study of the cost and benefits of controlling water.第三個(gè)of修飾的是the cost and benefits兩個(gè)名詞，of后面是個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語。這個(gè)修飾成分解決了，后面的句子就好理解了，再注意一下help to do sth.的用法。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]主要是四個(gè)of的用法，注意哪兩個(gè)of是并列關(guān)系（of the impacts和of the cost and benefits）。
語言點(diǎn)詳解
l.capture the imagination令人神往[大綱詞匯]capture v./n.捕獲，俘虜；：。奪得，攻占[經(jīng)典例句]The huge poster on the wall captured his attention.
2.at the mercy of在…的支配下[大綱詞匯]mercy n.仁慈，憐憫，寬恕at the mercy of在…的支配下[經(jīng)典例句]The captives were left at the mercy of their enemies.
3.drought旱災(zāi)[大綱詞匯]drought n.旱災(zāi)，干旱[經(jīng)典例句] Many people were forced to flee home by the drought.
4.do our bidding聽我們的命令[大綱詞匯]bid見bid for[衍生詞匯]bidding n.命令，請(qǐng)求；召喚，邀請(qǐng)；出價(jià)do the bidding of sb聽命于某人[經(jīng)典例句]He did the bidding of his father without questioning his purpose.
5.fascinating迷人的[大綱詞匯]fascinate v.迷住，強(qiáng)烈吸引[衍生詞匯]fascinating a.迷人的[經(jīng)典例句]His description of the future is fascinating.
6.do harm造成損害[大綱詞匯]harm n./v.傷害，損害，危害[經(jīng)典例句] Smoking does great harm to people's health.
7.strive to努力[大綱詞匯]strive v.奮斗，努力[經(jīng)典例句]He always sets up a higher goal for himself and strives to attain it.
8.assert themselves顯示他們的權(quán)威[大綱詞匯] assert v.斷言，宣稱[擴(kuò)充詞義]assert oneself堅(jiān)持自己的權(quán)利，顯示自己的權(quán)威[經(jīng)典例句]By 1206 Genghis Khan had asserted himself as overall chief of the Mongol tribes.
9.cement鞏固[大綱詞匯] cement v.膠合；鞏固，加強(qiáng)； n.水泥；膠泥，膠接劑[經(jīng)典例句] Their marriage has cemented the friendship of the two families.
10.bid for企圖獲取……[大綱詞匯]bid v.祝愿；命令，吩咐；報(bào)價(jià)，投標(biāo)； n.出價(jià)，投標(biāo)[擴(kuò)充詞義]bid n.企圖，努力，爭(zhēng)取[經(jīng)典例句]The senators were hostile to his bid for power.
11.deprive of剝奪[大綱詞匯]deprive v.奪去，使喪失[經(jīng)典例句]The traitor was deprived of his citizenship.
12.silt淤泥[擴(kuò)充詞匯] silt n.泥沙，淤泥
13.in return for作為回報(bào)[大綱詞匯]return v./n.返回，回來；歸還，送還；回答in return（for）作為回報(bào)，作為報(bào)答[經(jīng)典例句]What can I do in return for your kindness？
14.short of差一點(diǎn)就[大綱詞匯]short a.短的，矮的；（of）缺乏，不足； n.[pl.]短褲[擴(kuò)充詞義]short of少于，不及，為達(dá)到[經(jīng)典例句] I met Mary just short of the door.
15.send in派出[大綱詞匯]send in呈報(bào)，提交，送來[經(jīng)典例句]They sent in the police to break up the demonstration.
16.In the contention over在他們爭(zhēng)奪…中[大綱詞匯]contend v.斗爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；堅(jiān)決主張[衍生詞匯]contention n.爭(zhēng)奪，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；口角，爭(zhēng)吵[經(jīng)典例句]The companies mobilized all kinds of resources in their contention over the project
17.give the go-ahead to準(zhǔn)許做…
[擴(kuò)充詞匯]go-ahead n.許可；前進(jìn)；有進(jìn)取心give the go-ahead to sth準(zhǔn)許做某事[經(jīng)典例句]The manager didn't give the go-ahead to recruit new workers.
18.wrong-headed判斷錯(cuò)誤的[擴(kuò)充詞匯] wrong-headed a.判斷錯(cuò)誤的；堅(jiān)持錯(cuò)誤的，執(zhí)迷不悟的[構(gòu)詞方法] -headed后綴，表示“有一頭的”，“…頭腦的”[聯(lián)想記憶]cool-beaded a.頭腦冷靜的[經(jīng)典例句]He never realized that his judgement was wrong-headed.
19.hardship困苦[大綱詞匯] hardship n.艱難，困苦[構(gòu)詞方法]-ship后綴，表示“性質(zhì)”，“狀態(tài)”，“地位”，“權(quán)利”[聯(lián)想記憶]friendship n.友誼partnership n.伙伴關(guān)系leadership n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)[經(jīng)典例句]Their company has gone through economic hardship.
20.destruction破壞[大綱詞匯]destruction n破壞，消滅destructing a.破壞性的[經(jīng)典例句]The earthquake caused serious destruction to the city.
21.far from遠(yuǎn)非[大綱詞匯]far from遠(yuǎn)非，遠(yuǎn)離[經(jīng)典例句]The world is far from perfect.
22.impact影響[大綱詞匯]impact v./n.沖擊，碰撞；效果，影響[經(jīng)典例句]Currency depreciation has great impact on foreign trade.
23.hydroelectric水電的[構(gòu)詞方法]hydro-表示“水”，“液體”[聯(lián)想記憶]hydrobiology n.水生物學(xué)hydrocooler n.水冷器hydroscope n.水中望遠(yuǎn)鏡
24.irrigation灌溉[擴(kuò)充詞匯]irrigate v.灌溉irrigation n.灌溉[經(jīng)典例句]Irrigation is needed to make crops grow in dry area.
25.monster巨大的[大綱詞匯]monster n.怪物，妖怪[擴(kuò)充詞義]monster a.巨大的，龐大的[經(jīng)典例句]The region was attacked by a monster storm a few days ago.
26.fertile肥沃的[大綱詞匯]fertile a.肥沃的，富饒的；能繁殖的[經(jīng)典例句]The tribe moved to an area of fertile land.
全文翻譯
在重大技術(shù)所創(chuàng)造的東西中很少能像大型水壩這樣讓人癡迷的?？赡苷且?yàn)槿祟愰L(zhǎng)期遭受旱澇災(zāi)害的擺布才使得人們治理江河、供我驅(qū)策的理想如此令人癡迷。但讓人著迷有時(shí)也就使人盲目。有幾個(gè)巨型大壩項(xiàng)目就有弊大于利的危險(xiǎn)。
建造大壩的教訓(xùn)是：大的未必總是美的。但這個(gè)教訓(xùn)也無法阻止修建高大雄偉的大壩已成為那些力爭(zhēng)得到自我肯定的國(guó)家和人民的偉大成就的象征。埃及由于建造了阿斯旺大壩而鞏固了在阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。土耳其在力圖躋身第一世界的努力中也包括修建阿塔特克大壩。
但大壩不會(huì)像預(yù)期的那樣產(chǎn)生效果。以阿斯旺大壩為例，它阻止了尼羅河洪水泛濫，但也使埃及失去了洪水沖擊過后留下的肥沃土壤，換回來的是這么一個(gè)疾病滋生的水庫?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)水庫積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。
不過，控制水的神話還在繼續(xù)。本周，在文明的歐洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人就為了多瑙河上的一處水壩引起爭(zhēng)端，差點(diǎn)動(dòng)用了軍隊(duì)。這個(gè)大型工程可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)大壩上所有的常見問題。但斯洛伐克正在要求脫離捷克而獨(dú)立，現(xiàn)在他們需要建一個(gè)大壩來證明自己的實(shí)力。
與此同時(shí)，世界銀行已經(jīng)貸款給印度來建造問題很多的納爾馬達(dá)大壩。盡管世界銀行的顧問說，該大壩將給平民帶來苦難，而且也會(huì)破壞那里的環(huán)境，但世界銀行已經(jīng)這樣做了。大壩會(huì)給有權(quán)有勢(shì)者帶來利益，但這種利益卻沒有保障。
對(duì)于水壩的影響作用、水壩控制水流的成本和收益進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)而科學(xué)的研究能夠有助于解決這些沖突。水利發(fā)電，治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水壩也是可能的，不一定非要建大壩。但當(dāng)你相信神話時(shí)就很難做到合理或科
學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在是世界吸取阿斯旺大壩教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。我們不需要建一座將被拯救的大壩。
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help that building a big， powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam， for example， stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
And yet， the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week， in the heart of civilized Europe， Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs， and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile， in India， the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful， but they are far from guaranteed.Proper， scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths， it is hard to be either proper， or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam to be saved.
51. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that ________.
（A）people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
（B）the blind could be happier than the sighted
（C）over-excited people tend to neglect vital things
（D）fascination makes people lose their eyesight
52. In paragraph 5， “the powerless” probably refers to ________.
（A）areas short of electricity
（B）dams without power stations
（C）poor countries around India
（D）common people in the Narmada Dam area
53. What is the myth concerning giant dams？
（A）They bring in more fertile soil.
（B）They help defend the country.
（C）They strengthen international ties.
（D）They have universal control of the waters.
54. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ________.
（A）“It's no use crying over spilt milk”
（B）“More haste， less speed”
（C）“Look before you leap”
（D）“He who laughs last laughs best”
答案及試題解析
CDDC
51.（C）意為：過于興奮的人容易忽視極為重要的事情。
第一段指出，在重大技術(shù)所創(chuàng)造的東西中，很少有比大壩更能體現(xiàn)人的幻想的。也許是因?yàn)槿祟愰L(zhǎng)期遭受洪澇和干旱的襲擊，使人類（通過筑壩）制服洪水的愿望顯得更加令人興奮不已（該句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，基本句型是：it is…… that makes…… so fascinating）。這兩句談的是人們的愿望；本段第三、四句話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)，指出愿望與現(xiàn)實(shí)往往相反，所以，第三句應(yīng)該在第一、二句意思的基礎(chǔ)上理解。第三句可理解為：但是，興奮有時(shí)候也表現(xiàn)為盲目。而第三句的意思又被第四句進(jìn)一步闡釋為：有些大壩工程為害多于為善（do more harm than good）。盲目建設(shè)大壩的危害在第三、五段都舉了具體例子加以說明。
A意為：人們?nèi)绻麩o視現(xiàn)實(shí)就會(huì)感到高興。
B意為：盲人比有眼睛的人更幸福。
D怠為：興奮使人雙目失明。
52.（D）意為：訥爾默達(dá)河大壩周圍的平民百姓。
訥爾默達(dá)河位于印度。根據(jù)第五段，建設(shè)訥爾默達(dá)河大壩（Narmada Dam）本來就是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤（wrong-headed），但是，世界銀行還是向印度貸款，支持大壩建設(shè)。銀行的顧問指出，大壩將給平民百姓帶來苦難，給環(huán)境帶來破壞，但是，銀行方面卻一意孤行。大壩的建設(shè)也許會(huì)給掌權(quán)有勢(shì)的人帶來益處。但是，即使這一點(diǎn)也根本沒有保障（即：很難保障大壩會(huì)給有權(quán)勢(shì)者帶來利益）。該句中的the powerless（平民百姓）在意思上應(yīng)該對(duì)應(yīng)于上一句的the powerful（有權(quán)勢(shì)者）。
A意為：缺電力的地區(qū)。
B意為：沒建電站的大壩。
C意為：印度周邊的窮國(guó)。
定冠詞the置于形容詞之前經(jīng)常指一類人，如：the poor窮人，the rich富人，the miserable受苦難的人，the young年輕人，等等。
53.（D）意為：它們普遍能控制住洪水。
第一段第一、二句指出，人們幻想大壩來達(dá)到控制洪水的目的，但有時(shí)意識(shí)不到大壩會(huì)帶來意想不到的后果。第三段也指出，大壩有時(shí)有違其建設(shè)目的，埃及的阿斯旺高壩（Aswan High Dam）就是一個(gè)例子。大壩起到了制服尼羅河洪水泛濫的作用，但也不再有洪水過后留下的肥沃的沖積土壤；換來的只是（all in return for）一個(gè)碩大的病態(tài)水庫，水庫被淤泥填滿，幾乎無法發(fā)電。
第四段指出，盡管如此，制服洪水的神話還在繼續(xù)傳送。這句話的意思是：人們?nèi)匀灰晃兜鼗孟胫ㄟ^建壩來控制水：其含義是，盡管大壩的建設(shè)有時(shí)弊多于利，會(huì)給人類帶來意想不到的后果，但是，人們建壩的熱情還是很高，本段下文提到了斯洛伐克和匈牙利擬在多瑙河上建壩的事。最后一段第二句指出，其實(shí)，水力發(fā)電也好，治水也好，灌溉也好，未必都只有通過建壩進(jìn)行。
A意為：它們帶來更肥沃的土地。
B意為：它們有助于國(guó)防。第二段第二句指出，有些人把建設(shè)碩大的大壩看作是國(guó)家成就的象征，是一個(gè)民族獨(dú)立（assert themselves）的體現(xiàn)，這其實(shí)是一種幻想（It doesn't help that……）；第四段第二、三、四句指出，本周，在文明的歐洲中心，為了多瑙河上的建壩事宜，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人幾乎就要派駐軍隊(duì)了，該大壩也可能產(chǎn)生其他大壩存在的所有問題，但是，斯洛伐克正在鬧獨(dú)立（is bidding for independence），想脫離捷克，它想通過大壩來證明自己的能力和獨(dú)立性（prove itself）?？梢?，人們想通過大壩證明自己的國(guó)力和獨(dú)立性，并非將大壩用于國(guó)防。
C意為；它們?cè)鰪?qiáng)國(guó)際聯(lián)系。
54.（C）意為：“三思而后行?！?BR> 該題實(shí)際上提問的是作者的觀點(diǎn)：作者想通過本文說明什么道理。
文章指出，人們對(duì)大壩的建設(shè)存在很多幻想，所以經(jīng)常事與愿違。在最后一段最后兩句，作者指出，該是我們認(rèn)真吸取阿斯旺大壩的教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。言外之意，不要再存在理想化心理，我們應(yīng)該變得更加理智一點(diǎn)，因?yàn)?，我們未必非要通過大壩來拯救自己（You don't need a dam to be saved.），這一句回溯該段第二句：其實(shí)，水力發(fā)電也好，治水也好，灌溉也好，未必都只有通過建壩實(shí)現(xiàn)。言外之意，應(yīng)該消除對(duì)大壩的迷戀，多動(dòng)腦筋，積極尋求更好的措施解決我們的問題。
A意為：“覆水難收。”比喻后悔是沒有用的。
B意為：“欲速則不達(dá)?！?BR> D意為：“笑到最后才算笑得?！北扔魇艿酱煺蹠r(shí)不要輕易放棄，應(yīng)該堅(jiān)持。
翻譯句子
1、Perhaps it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
[參考譯文]可能正是長(zhǎng)期以來人類遭受旱澇擺布的苦難使得人們治理江河供我驅(qū)策的理想如此動(dòng)人心魄。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子中包含了一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，基本結(jié)構(gòu)是it is…… that……，強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的關(guān)鍵詞是suffering，這個(gè)詞就是后面that引導(dǎo)的從句的主語，因而這個(gè)句子的核心句其實(shí)就是Suffering makes the ideal so fascinating.suffering加上前后的修飾、限定成分是humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought（人類受水旱災(zāi)害控制的長(zhǎng)期的苦難）；ideal后面跟了一個(gè)of引導(dǎo)的分詞短語：forcing the waters to do our bidding（讓河水聽我們吩咐［的這個(gè)理想］）；suffering使得這個(gè)ideal如何呢？so fascinating.在掌握了這個(gè)整體框架之后，這個(gè)句子就很清楚了。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]通過分析結(jié)構(gòu)我們知道此句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是suffering這個(gè)使得ideal如此fascinating的這個(gè)因果關(guān)系。一旦給that引導(dǎo)的從句找到了真正的主語suffering，這個(gè)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)就出來了。
2、The Aswan Dam， for example， stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left—all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
[參考譯文]例如，阿斯旺大壩使得尼羅河不再洪水泛濫，但是它也奪去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥——這些換來的就是這么個(gè)疾病滋生的水庫，現(xiàn)在這個(gè)水庫積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子首先要注意的是有兩個(gè)謂語：stopped和deprived；然后可以找出這個(gè)句子的核心句：The Aswan Dam stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the silt.第一個(gè)silt后面有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句that floods left修飾silt；破折號(hào)后面的all代替的是破折號(hào)前面所說的the fertile silt，介詞短語in return for后面的賓語帶了一個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的從句，修飾的是這個(gè)賓語：a giant reservoir of disease，同時(shí)這個(gè)從句中還有一個(gè)so…… that的結(jié)構(gòu)。如果把這個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的從句分解開來就是The reservoir is now full of silt， so it barely generates electricity.
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]此句理解的關(guān)鍵有三個(gè)：一是找到兩個(gè)謂語：stopped和deprived；二是要明白all指的是前面所說的the fertile silt；三就是which引導(dǎo)的從句修飾的是the reservoir of disease這個(gè)名詞短語。
補(bǔ)充難句翻譯
1、It doesn't help that building a big， powerful dam had become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.[參考譯文]（即使這樣的教訓(xùn)）也無法阻止修建高大雄偉的水壩已經(jīng)成為那些力爭(zhēng)得到自我肯定的國(guó)家和人們的偉大成就的象征。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子中第一個(gè)單詞it指代的是文章中上面的一句話，即“從大型水壩中得到的教訓(xùn)是不一定大的就是好的”。help后面是一個(gè)從句，在這個(gè)從句中，主語是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語，核心句是Building a dam had become a symbol of achievement.分詞短語striving to assert themselves是修飾nations and people的限定成分。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]注意it doesn't help的意思，此處意為“無法阻止”。
2、This week， in the heart of civilized Europe， Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube.[參考譯文]本周在文明的歐洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人為了多瑙河上的一處水壩引起的爭(zhēng)端，差一點(diǎn)就派出了部隊(duì)。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子理解上的困難可能出現(xiàn)在短語上。撇開前面的時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語不看，這個(gè)句子的核心句其實(shí)是Slovaks and Hungarians stopped sending troops.這里有兩個(gè)短語需要理解：short of差一點(diǎn)就；send in派遣。后面的in their contention over a dam說的是他們sending in the troops的原因。再加上前后的狀語短語，就有了一個(gè)完整理解。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]這個(gè)句子的短語和介詞非常重要，除了結(jié)構(gòu)分析中所說的兩個(gè)短語之外，in the contentions，over a dam，on the Danube都對(duì)句子理解非常重要。
3、Proper， scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts.[參考譯文]對(duì)于水壩的影響作用、水壩控制水流的成本和收益進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)而科學(xué)的研究能夠有助于解決這些沖突。
[結(jié)構(gòu)剖析]這個(gè)句子的核心句是Study can help to resolve conflicts.但是理解的重點(diǎn)卻在study后面的修飾成分，因?yàn)閟tudy后面有兩個(gè)并列關(guān)系的of，說明了study的內(nèi)容：study of the impacts of dams和study of the cost and benefits of controlling water.第三個(gè)of修飾的是the cost and benefits兩個(gè)名詞，of后面是個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語。這個(gè)修飾成分解決了，后面的句子就好理解了，再注意一下help to do sth.的用法。
[閱讀重點(diǎn)]主要是四個(gè)of的用法，注意哪兩個(gè)of是并列關(guān)系（of the impacts和of the cost and benefits）。
語言點(diǎn)詳解
l.capture the imagination令人神往[大綱詞匯]capture v./n.捕獲，俘虜；：。奪得，攻占[經(jīng)典例句]The huge poster on the wall captured his attention.
2.at the mercy of在…的支配下[大綱詞匯]mercy n.仁慈，憐憫，寬恕at the mercy of在…的支配下[經(jīng)典例句]The captives were left at the mercy of their enemies.
3.drought旱災(zāi)[大綱詞匯]drought n.旱災(zāi)，干旱[經(jīng)典例句] Many people were forced to flee home by the drought.
4.do our bidding聽我們的命令[大綱詞匯]bid見bid for[衍生詞匯]bidding n.命令，請(qǐng)求；召喚，邀請(qǐng)；出價(jià)do the bidding of sb聽命于某人[經(jīng)典例句]He did the bidding of his father without questioning his purpose.
5.fascinating迷人的[大綱詞匯]fascinate v.迷住，強(qiáng)烈吸引[衍生詞匯]fascinating a.迷人的[經(jīng)典例句]His description of the future is fascinating.
6.do harm造成損害[大綱詞匯]harm n./v.傷害，損害，危害[經(jīng)典例句] Smoking does great harm to people's health.
7.strive to努力[大綱詞匯]strive v.奮斗，努力[經(jīng)典例句]He always sets up a higher goal for himself and strives to attain it.
8.assert themselves顯示他們的權(quán)威[大綱詞匯] assert v.斷言，宣稱[擴(kuò)充詞義]assert oneself堅(jiān)持自己的權(quán)利，顯示自己的權(quán)威[經(jīng)典例句]By 1206 Genghis Khan had asserted himself as overall chief of the Mongol tribes.
9.cement鞏固[大綱詞匯] cement v.膠合；鞏固，加強(qiáng)； n.水泥；膠泥，膠接劑[經(jīng)典例句] Their marriage has cemented the friendship of the two families.
10.bid for企圖獲取……[大綱詞匯]bid v.祝愿；命令，吩咐；報(bào)價(jià)，投標(biāo)； n.出價(jià)，投標(biāo)[擴(kuò)充詞義]bid n.企圖，努力，爭(zhēng)取[經(jīng)典例句]The senators were hostile to his bid for power.
11.deprive of剝奪[大綱詞匯]deprive v.奪去，使喪失[經(jīng)典例句]The traitor was deprived of his citizenship.
12.silt淤泥[擴(kuò)充詞匯] silt n.泥沙，淤泥
13.in return for作為回報(bào)[大綱詞匯]return v./n.返回，回來；歸還，送還；回答in return（for）作為回報(bào)，作為報(bào)答[經(jīng)典例句]What can I do in return for your kindness？
14.short of差一點(diǎn)就[大綱詞匯]short a.短的，矮的；（of）缺乏，不足； n.[pl.]短褲[擴(kuò)充詞義]short of少于，不及，為達(dá)到[經(jīng)典例句] I met Mary just short of the door.
15.send in派出[大綱詞匯]send in呈報(bào)，提交，送來[經(jīng)典例句]They sent in the police to break up the demonstration.
16.In the contention over在他們爭(zhēng)奪…中[大綱詞匯]contend v.斗爭(zhēng)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；堅(jiān)決主張[衍生詞匯]contention n.爭(zhēng)奪，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；口角，爭(zhēng)吵[經(jīng)典例句]The companies mobilized all kinds of resources in their contention over the project
17.give the go-ahead to準(zhǔn)許做…
[擴(kuò)充詞匯]go-ahead n.許可；前進(jìn)；有進(jìn)取心give the go-ahead to sth準(zhǔn)許做某事[經(jīng)典例句]The manager didn't give the go-ahead to recruit new workers.
18.wrong-headed判斷錯(cuò)誤的[擴(kuò)充詞匯] wrong-headed a.判斷錯(cuò)誤的；堅(jiān)持錯(cuò)誤的，執(zhí)迷不悟的[構(gòu)詞方法] -headed后綴，表示“有一頭的”，“…頭腦的”[聯(lián)想記憶]cool-beaded a.頭腦冷靜的[經(jīng)典例句]He never realized that his judgement was wrong-headed.
19.hardship困苦[大綱詞匯] hardship n.艱難，困苦[構(gòu)詞方法]-ship后綴，表示“性質(zhì)”，“狀態(tài)”，“地位”，“權(quán)利”[聯(lián)想記憶]friendship n.友誼partnership n.伙伴關(guān)系leadership n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)[經(jīng)典例句]Their company has gone through economic hardship.
20.destruction破壞[大綱詞匯]destruction n破壞，消滅destructing a.破壞性的[經(jīng)典例句]The earthquake caused serious destruction to the city.
21.far from遠(yuǎn)非[大綱詞匯]far from遠(yuǎn)非，遠(yuǎn)離[經(jīng)典例句]The world is far from perfect.
22.impact影響[大綱詞匯]impact v./n.沖擊，碰撞；效果，影響[經(jīng)典例句]Currency depreciation has great impact on foreign trade.
23.hydroelectric水電的[構(gòu)詞方法]hydro-表示“水”，“液體”[聯(lián)想記憶]hydrobiology n.水生物學(xué)hydrocooler n.水冷器hydroscope n.水中望遠(yuǎn)鏡
24.irrigation灌溉[擴(kuò)充詞匯]irrigate v.灌溉irrigation n.灌溉[經(jīng)典例句]Irrigation is needed to make crops grow in dry area.
25.monster巨大的[大綱詞匯]monster n.怪物，妖怪[擴(kuò)充詞義]monster a.巨大的，龐大的[經(jīng)典例句]The region was attacked by a monster storm a few days ago.
26.fertile肥沃的[大綱詞匯]fertile a.肥沃的，富饒的；能繁殖的[經(jīng)典例句]The tribe moved to an area of fertile land.
全文翻譯
在重大技術(shù)所創(chuàng)造的東西中很少能像大型水壩這樣讓人癡迷的?？赡苷且?yàn)槿祟愰L(zhǎng)期遭受旱澇災(zāi)害的擺布才使得人們治理江河、供我驅(qū)策的理想如此令人癡迷。但讓人著迷有時(shí)也就使人盲目。有幾個(gè)巨型大壩項(xiàng)目就有弊大于利的危險(xiǎn)。
建造大壩的教訓(xùn)是：大的未必總是美的。但這個(gè)教訓(xùn)也無法阻止修建高大雄偉的大壩已成為那些力爭(zhēng)得到自我肯定的國(guó)家和人民的偉大成就的象征。埃及由于建造了阿斯旺大壩而鞏固了在阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。土耳其在力圖躋身第一世界的努力中也包括修建阿塔特克大壩。
但大壩不會(huì)像預(yù)期的那樣產(chǎn)生效果。以阿斯旺大壩為例，它阻止了尼羅河洪水泛濫，但也使埃及失去了洪水沖擊過后留下的肥沃土壤，換回來的是這么一個(gè)疾病滋生的水庫?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)水庫積滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電了。
不過，控制水的神話還在繼續(xù)。本周，在文明的歐洲腹地，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人就為了多瑙河上的一處水壩引起爭(zhēng)端，差點(diǎn)動(dòng)用了軍隊(duì)。這個(gè)大型工程可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)大壩上所有的常見問題。但斯洛伐克正在要求脫離捷克而獨(dú)立，現(xiàn)在他們需要建一個(gè)大壩來證明自己的實(shí)力。
與此同時(shí)，世界銀行已經(jīng)貸款給印度來建造問題很多的納爾馬達(dá)大壩。盡管世界銀行的顧問說，該大壩將給平民帶來苦難，而且也會(huì)破壞那里的環(huán)境，但世界銀行已經(jīng)這樣做了。大壩會(huì)給有權(quán)有勢(shì)者帶來利益，但這種利益卻沒有保障。
對(duì)于水壩的影響作用、水壩控制水流的成本和收益進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)而科學(xué)的研究能夠有助于解決這些沖突。水利發(fā)電，治理洪水以及灌溉即使不建大型水壩也是可能的，不一定非要建大壩。但當(dāng)你相信神話時(shí)就很難做到合理或科
學(xué)?，F(xiàn)在是世界吸取阿斯旺大壩教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。我們不需要建一座將被拯救的大壩。