九、詞性的混用來源:考試大
詞匯量的掌握對詞性的使用非常重要,但是如果對出題方向有更好的把握,將會彌補(bǔ)詞匯量的不足。
(一)做表語時形容詞和副詞的混用
做表語永遠(yuǎn)用形容詞,絕對不能用副詞;
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high
A B
mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and
C
when they are in captivity they breed poorly.
D
分析:錯,應(yīng)改為are rare。rarely為副詞,不能作表語,故改為形容詞rare(罕見的,稀少的)
(二)加賓語時名詞和動名詞的混用來源:考試大
后面加賓語當(dāng)然要用動名詞
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds
A B
and keeping the soil in the best condition to
C
help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting.
D
分析:A錯,應(yīng)改為preparing。preparation為名詞,后面不能接賓語,改為動名詞preparing后既能接賓語,又與后面的keeping構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's,
A
was concerned with the depicting the experience of
B C
urban Black people in the United States.
D
分析:C錯,應(yīng)改為depicting。 depicting在此為動名詞,作介詞賓語時不加冠詞。注意此處還可以改為the depiction of,但略顯累贅,因?yàn)楹竺孢€有of結(jié)構(gòu)。The +動名詞,這個動名詞其實(shí)就變?yōu)榱嗣~。
(三)表示時間時,狀語從句連接詞和近義的介詞混用來源:考試大
表示時間有兩種可能,
一種是狀語從句,由when and while引導(dǎo),后面加句子
另一種是由介詞引導(dǎo),如during,后面加名詞,
考試中往往就利用這個特點(diǎn),總是給出相反的情況
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence
A B
were made while the American Civil War.
C D
分析:D錯,應(yīng)改為during。while是從屬連詞或并列連詞,后面接句子,后面是名詞短語時,應(yīng)改為介詞during。
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the
A B C
history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen.來源:考試大
D
分析:C錯,應(yīng)改為in。while為連詞,后面要求接從句,而句中顯然沒有從句,故根據(jù)題意改為介詞in。
(四)對等連接詞和近義的副詞混用來源:考試大
連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)的詞叫做對等連接詞,但是如果出現(xiàn)else, also, instead等副詞把這些結(jié)構(gòu)連接起來行不行呢?當(dāng)然不行。
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social
A
work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations.
B C D
分析:B錯,應(yīng)改為and。also是副詞,不能連接并列的謂語動詞,故改為并列連詞and。
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples
A B C
easily under the stress of compression.
D
分析:C錯,應(yīng)改為but;題目意思是在拉力的作用下很強(qiáng),而在壓力的作用下容易起皺;instead, 副詞不能連接兩個動詞并列,but 的對等連接詞和and, or的用法是一樣的
(五)表示人的名詞和表示事物的詞混用
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine
A B
article that gives personal comments on current events.
C D
分析:A錯,應(yīng)改為editorial。 editor的意思是“編輯”,根據(jù)題意改為名詞editorial(社論)。
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars,
A
which produce sound from the vibration of the strings.
B C D
分析:A錯,應(yīng)改為musicians。music是抽象名詞,意為“音樂”,不能表示復(fù)數(shù)要領(lǐng)顯然應(yīng)改為musicians(音樂家)。
(六) 只能用副詞+數(shù)量詞+名詞;不能用形容詞 nearly two hundred students, 這里nearly修飾的是200;
two hundred diligent students
詞匯量的掌握對詞性的使用非常重要,但是如果對出題方向有更好的把握,將會彌補(bǔ)詞匯量的不足。
(一)做表語時形容詞和副詞的混用
做表語永遠(yuǎn)用形容詞,絕對不能用副詞;
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high
A B
mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and
C
when they are in captivity they breed poorly.
D
分析:錯,應(yīng)改為are rare。rarely為副詞,不能作表語,故改為形容詞rare(罕見的,稀少的)
(二)加賓語時名詞和動名詞的混用來源:考試大
后面加賓語當(dāng)然要用動名詞
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds
A B
and keeping the soil in the best condition to
C
help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting.
D
分析:A錯,應(yīng)改為preparing。preparation為名詞,后面不能接賓語,改為動名詞preparing后既能接賓語,又與后面的keeping構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific writer of the 1920's,
A
was concerned with the depicting the experience of
B C
urban Black people in the United States.
D
分析:C錯,應(yīng)改為depicting。 depicting在此為動名詞,作介詞賓語時不加冠詞。注意此處還可以改為the depiction of,但略顯累贅,因?yàn)楹竺孢€有of結(jié)構(gòu)。The +動名詞,這個動名詞其實(shí)就變?yōu)榱嗣~。
(三)表示時間時,狀語從句連接詞和近義的介詞混用來源:考試大
表示時間有兩種可能,
一種是狀語從句,由when and while引導(dǎo),后面加句子
另一種是由介詞引導(dǎo),如during,后面加名詞,
考試中往往就利用這個特點(diǎn),總是給出相反的情況
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence
A B
were made while the American Civil War.
C D
分析:D錯,應(yīng)改為during。while是從屬連詞或并列連詞,后面接句子,后面是名詞短語時,應(yīng)改為介詞during。
例:Some of the most celebrated publicity stunts while the
A B C
history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen.來源:考試大
D
分析:C錯,應(yīng)改為in。while為連詞,后面要求接從句,而句中顯然沒有從句,故根據(jù)題意改為介詞in。
(四)對等連接詞和近義的副詞混用來源:考試大
連接平行結(jié)構(gòu)的詞叫做對等連接詞,但是如果出現(xiàn)else, also, instead等副詞把這些結(jié)構(gòu)連接起來行不行呢?當(dāng)然不行。
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social
A
work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations.
B C D
分析:B錯,應(yīng)改為and。also是副詞,不能連接并列的謂語動詞,故改為并列連詞and。
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples
A B C
easily under the stress of compression.
D
分析:C錯,應(yīng)改為but;題目意思是在拉力的作用下很強(qiáng),而在壓力的作用下容易起皺;instead, 副詞不能連接兩個動詞并列,but 的對等連接詞和and, or的用法是一樣的
(五)表示人的名詞和表示事物的詞混用
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine
A B
article that gives personal comments on current events.
C D
分析:A錯,應(yīng)改為editorial。 editor的意思是“編輯”,根據(jù)題意改為名詞editorial(社論)。
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical guitars,
A
which produce sound from the vibration of the strings.
B C D
分析:A錯,應(yīng)改為musicians。music是抽象名詞,意為“音樂”,不能表示復(fù)數(shù)要領(lǐng)顯然應(yīng)改為musicians(音樂家)。
(六) 只能用副詞+數(shù)量詞+名詞;不能用形容詞 nearly two hundred students, 這里nearly修飾的是200;
two hundred diligent students