2008屆高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí)講義-虛擬語(yǔ)氣
【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】
一：形式為(should) +v.
1．賓語(yǔ)從句中。一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）,兩個(gè)命令（order, command）, 三條建議（advise, suggest, propose）,四項(xiàng)要求（demand, require, request, ask）.還有prefer ，advise等詞。
注意：1）suggest和insist有例外
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.（“暗示”“表明”）
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
2） 這類動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用(should ) + v.形式。另外，還有plan, idea等詞。
2．主語(yǔ)從句中
1) It is necessary / important / strange / natural / a pity / a shame / no wonder … that….
eg. It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.
二：形式為在原本的時(shí)態(tài)上退一步，即“+過(guò)去”
1.在條件句中的運(yùn)用
條件從句
主句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
過(guò)去式（be一般用were） would / could/ might + v.
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
had + 過(guò)去分詞 would / could/ might+ have +過(guò)去分詞
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
1） 過(guò)去式
2） should + v. 3） were to + v. would / could/ might + v.
（第一人稱可用should,以上同）
1) “混合虛擬條件句”或“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”
主句和從句時(shí)間上不一致，從句可以和過(guò)去時(shí)間相反，主句可以與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。
If you had taken my advice just now, you would be better now.
2) if 省略句。在條件句中，可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。
Were I you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
3) 含蓄條件句
A) with, without, but for 等介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件句
But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If it hadn’t been for the rain)
B) 其他手段
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（副詞）
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（連詞）
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. （連詞）
Given more time, we could have done it better. (分詞短語(yǔ))
It would be a mistake not to help him.（動(dòng)詞不定式）
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句中
wish , would rather 后, 但would rather后所跟句子跟現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)相反用過(guò)去時(shí)，跟過(guò)去時(shí)間相反使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。注意：不跟過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.我寧愿你明天而不是今天來(lái)。
3．a(chǎn)s if ( though)引導(dǎo)的從句中
as if 后的從句當(dāng)表示真實(shí)情況時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。試比較：
It looks as if it is going to rain. / He talks as if he had been to America,
4．It is (high ) time that ….. 過(guò)去時(shí)/ should + v.
5. 用于if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中 “但愿，要是…就好了”
【各個(gè)擊破】
1. I could have called you for help, but I ____ your number.
A. couldn’t have remembered B. didn’t remember
C. should have remembered D. hadn’t remembered
2. She suggested to the police in the police station that Mr. Smith ____.
A. stole the necklace B. should steal the necklace
C. had stolen the necklace D. steal the necklace
3. ____ it would stop snowing !
A. If only B. Only if C. Even if D. But for
4. My advice is that he ___ so much.
A. not smoke b. doesn’t smoke C. won’t smoke D. must not smoke
5. How I wish I ____ that! Everybody present was angry with me.
A. didn’t do B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing
6. ___ it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun ____.
A. If; to raise B. Were; to rise C. Should; to rise D. Because; raising
7. ____the expense, I ___to Italy.
A. If it were not; go B. Were it not for ; I would go
C. Weren’t it for; will go D. If it hadn’t been; would have gone
8. His illness was too serious; otherwise he______saved.
A. could be B., couldn’t have been c. could have D. could have been
9. --- I have great difficulty working out this problem.
--- ___ to me, you ____ less difficulty with such problems.
A. If you had listened , would have had B. If you listened, would have
C. Had you listened, would have D. If you listen, will have
10. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
---Yes, but I ___ busy doing my homework.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
11. ___the fog, we should have reached the top of the hill.
A. In spite of B. If there were no C. But for D. Because of
12. Tom insisted what he said ____ true and we insisted that he ____ and have a look.
A. be; should go B. should be; would go C. was ; go D. was ; would go
13. He acts as if he _______the owner of the house.
A. will be B. has been C. is D. were
14. It’s about time that you _____to study English.
A. begin B. will begin C. have begun D. began
15. How I wish it____! If it ___in a few days, the crops would be saved.
A. will rain; rained B. would rain; should rain
C. should rain; rains D. would rain; had rained
虛擬語(yǔ)氣：BCAAB BBDCA CCDDB
【要點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥】
一：形式為(should) +v.
1．賓語(yǔ)從句中。一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）,兩個(gè)命令（order, command）, 三條建議（advise, suggest, propose）,四項(xiàng)要求（demand, require, request, ask）.還有prefer ，advise等詞。
注意：1）suggest和insist有例外
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.（“暗示”“表明”）
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
2） 這類動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用(should ) + v.形式。另外，還有plan, idea等詞。
2．主語(yǔ)從句中
1) It is necessary / important / strange / natural / a pity / a shame / no wonder … that….
eg. It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.
二：形式為在原本的時(shí)態(tài)上退一步，即“+過(guò)去”
1.在條件句中的運(yùn)用
條件從句
主句
與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
過(guò)去式（be一般用were） would / could/ might + v.
與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
had + 過(guò)去分詞 would / could/ might+ have +過(guò)去分詞
與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反
1） 過(guò)去式
2） should + v. 3） were to + v. would / could/ might + v.
（第一人稱可用should,以上同）
1) “混合虛擬條件句”或“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”
主句和從句時(shí)間上不一致，從句可以和過(guò)去時(shí)間相反，主句可以與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。
If you had taken my advice just now, you would be better now.
2) if 省略句。在條件句中，可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。
Were I you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
3) 含蓄條件句
A) with, without, but for 等介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件句
But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If it hadn’t been for the rain)
B) 其他手段
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.（副詞）
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.（連詞）
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. （連詞）
Given more time, we could have done it better. (分詞短語(yǔ))
It would be a mistake not to help him.（動(dòng)詞不定式）
2. 賓語(yǔ)從句中
wish , would rather 后, 但would rather后所跟句子跟現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)相反用過(guò)去時(shí)，跟過(guò)去時(shí)間相反使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。注意：不跟過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。
I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.我寧愿你明天而不是今天來(lái)。
3．a(chǎn)s if ( though)引導(dǎo)的從句中
as if 后的從句當(dāng)表示真實(shí)情況時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。試比較：
It looks as if it is going to rain. / He talks as if he had been to America,
4．It is (high ) time that ….. 過(guò)去時(shí)/ should + v.
5. 用于if only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中 “但愿，要是…就好了”
【各個(gè)擊破】
1. I could have called you for help, but I ____ your number.
A. couldn’t have remembered B. didn’t remember
C. should have remembered D. hadn’t remembered
2. She suggested to the police in the police station that Mr. Smith ____.
A. stole the necklace B. should steal the necklace
C. had stolen the necklace D. steal the necklace
3. ____ it would stop snowing !
A. If only B. Only if C. Even if D. But for
4. My advice is that he ___ so much.
A. not smoke b. doesn’t smoke C. won’t smoke D. must not smoke
5. How I wish I ____ that! Everybody present was angry with me.
A. didn’t do B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing
6. ___ it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun ____.
A. If; to raise B. Were; to rise C. Should; to rise D. Because; raising
7. ____the expense, I ___to Italy.
A. If it were not; go B. Were it not for ; I would go
C. Weren’t it for; will go D. If it hadn’t been; would have gone
8. His illness was too serious; otherwise he______saved.
A. could be B., couldn’t have been c. could have D. could have been
9. --- I have great difficulty working out this problem.
--- ___ to me, you ____ less difficulty with such problems.
A. If you had listened , would have had B. If you listened, would have
C. Had you listened, would have D. If you listen, will have
10. ---- Would you have called her up had it been possible?
---Yes, but I ___ busy doing my homework.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
11. ___the fog, we should have reached the top of the hill.
A. In spite of B. If there were no C. But for D. Because of
12. Tom insisted what he said ____ true and we insisted that he ____ and have a look.
A. be; should go B. should be; would go C. was ; go D. was ; would go
13. He acts as if he _______the owner of the house.
A. will be B. has been C. is D. were
14. It’s about time that you _____to study English.
A. begin B. will begin C. have begun D. began
15. How I wish it____! If it ___in a few days, the crops would be saved.
A. will rain; rained B. would rain; should rain
C. should rain; rains D. would rain; had rained
虛擬語(yǔ)氣：BCAAB BBDCA CCDDB