35. And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple mindedness as he sees it-of citizens， social workers， doctors， law-makers， and judges， who， instead of eliminating crime punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.
[參考譯文]由于警察認(rèn)為人們（市民，社會(huì)工作者，醫(yī)生，立法人員以及法官）頭腦簡(jiǎn)單—比如，法官不是重罰以消除犯罪而是量刑從輕以期促使罪犯改過(guò)自新—因此，他們與社會(huì)之間的隔閡更深一層。
36. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object.
[參考譯文]予和機(jī)器人既是物理體，同樣也是文化現(xiàn)象。
37. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation， but， custom， we have a way of thinking， is behavior at its most commonplace.
[參考譯文]對(duì)于人腦的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)，我們認(rèn)為特別值得研究。但對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，我們卻覺(jué)得那不過(guò)是最最平常的行為而已。
38. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom， is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.
[參考譯文]約翰。杜威曾經(jīng)十分認(rèn)真地說(shuō)過(guò)，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對(duì)個(gè)人的行為的影響與個(gè)人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣的影響之比，正如一個(gè)人母語(yǔ)的詞匯總量與他兒時(shí)從家庭用語(yǔ)中學(xué)會(huì)的兒童用語(yǔ)之比。
39. The most vivid body of “things” in it， of course， are musical instruments.
[參考譯文]當(dāng)然，音樂(lè)文化的最生動(dòng)的物質(zhì)載體是樂(lè)器。
40. Through the study of instruments， as well as painting， written documents， and so on， we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago， or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
[參考譯文]通過(guò)對(duì)圖片、文字記載以及樂(lè)器等的研究，我們可以了解一千多年以前近東音樂(lè)傳入中國(guó)的情況，也可以勒出近東音樂(lè)的影響波及歐洲并導(dǎo)致交響樂(lè)的大部分樂(lè)器發(fā)展和演變的大致輪廓。
41. Conflict， defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another， is distinguished from competition， defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.
[參考譯文]戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)沖突與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不同，前者可以定義為社會(huì)實(shí)體之間彼此對(duì)立的抗?fàn)?，后者可定義為各個(gè)實(shí)體在單獨(dú)獲取供應(yīng)不足的物資時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的對(duì)抗。
42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species， only the fittest survive.
[參考譯文]許多作家根據(jù)動(dòng)物世界為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)中具有適者生存的規(guī)律這一點(diǎn)，論證戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的。
43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching， the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man， but that they think at all.
[參考譯文]正如在不同時(shí)代，塞繆爾。約翰遜博士所談?wù)摰呐坎嫉酪粯樱?jì)算機(jī)的驚人之處不是它們的思考能力不如人類，而是它們居然會(huì)思考。
44. Finally， the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear.
[參考譯文]最后，人類和計(jì)算機(jī)之間的界線將變得模糊起來(lái)。
45. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower， the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly.
[參考譯文]由于在其進(jìn)化期間，人類的生活節(jié)奏較為緩慢，人腦形成了固有的缺陷，不能同時(shí)接收來(lái)自多個(gè)渠道的信息并迅速進(jìn)行處理。
47. In an ideal world， there would be some ways of controlling quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until， say. 90 per cent of the time.
[參考譯文]理想的社會(huì)里，一定會(huì)有辦法來(lái)監(jiān)控產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。例如，對(duì)錄像機(jī)，可以通過(guò)反復(fù)設(shè)計(jì)，最終達(dá)到，比方說(shuō)，使90%的用戶在90%的情況下能正確使用其90%的功能。
47. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead.
[參考譯文]要想知道未來(lái)會(huì)是什么樣子，我們就要回顧過(guò)去。或者：回顧過(guò)去，我們可以據(jù)此展望未來(lái)。
48. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention， the chip， would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers， digital communications and factory robots.
[參考譯文]如果20年前的人們預(yù)想現(xiàn)在的情況，恐怕誰(shuí)也無(wú)法預(yù)見(jiàn)到僅集成電路塊一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，一旦將其運(yùn)用于個(gè)人電腦、數(shù)字通信和工廠機(jī)器人身上，會(huì)給世界帶來(lái)怎樣的變化。
49. Interestingly， though， the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
[參考譯文]然而，有趣的是，如果長(zhǎng)相平平的女士和漂亮的女士都有突然獲得成功，人們會(huì)認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)相平平的女士的人際關(guān)系比漂亮女士好，而她們的能力卻不如漂亮女士。
50. Most of these books， as well as several chapters， mainly in， but not limited to， journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts， stress the “how to ” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview， its context， and implications.
[參考譯文]大多數(shù)的這類書和一些章節(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)如何進(jìn)行采訪，而不是研究采訪的概念性問(wèn)題，比如采訪的概念性問(wèn)題，比如采訪的背景以及含義。這些章節(jié)主要見(jiàn)于，但也不限于，報(bào)章雜志、廣播手冊(cè)以及新聞報(bào)道的書籍中。
[參考譯文]由于警察認(rèn)為人們（市民，社會(huì)工作者，醫(yī)生，立法人員以及法官）頭腦簡(jiǎn)單—比如，法官不是重罰以消除犯罪而是量刑從輕以期促使罪犯改過(guò)自新—因此，他們與社會(huì)之間的隔閡更深一層。
36. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object.
[參考譯文]予和機(jī)器人既是物理體，同樣也是文化現(xiàn)象。
37. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation， but， custom， we have a way of thinking， is behavior at its most commonplace.
[參考譯文]對(duì)于人腦的內(nèi)部活動(dòng)，我們認(rèn)為特別值得研究。但對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，我們卻覺(jué)得那不過(guò)是最最平常的行為而已。
38. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual as over against any way in which he can affect traditional custom， is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue over against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the language of his family.
[參考譯文]約翰。杜威曾經(jīng)十分認(rèn)真地說(shuō)過(guò)，風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣對(duì)個(gè)人的行為的影響與個(gè)人對(duì)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣的影響之比，正如一個(gè)人母語(yǔ)的詞匯總量與他兒時(shí)從家庭用語(yǔ)中學(xué)會(huì)的兒童用語(yǔ)之比。
39. The most vivid body of “things” in it， of course， are musical instruments.
[參考譯文]當(dāng)然，音樂(lè)文化的最生動(dòng)的物質(zhì)載體是樂(lè)器。
40. Through the study of instruments， as well as painting， written documents， and so on， we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago， or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.
[參考譯文]通過(guò)對(duì)圖片、文字記載以及樂(lè)器等的研究，我們可以了解一千多年以前近東音樂(lè)傳入中國(guó)的情況，也可以勒出近東音樂(lè)的影響波及歐洲并導(dǎo)致交響樂(lè)的大部分樂(lè)器發(fā)展和演變的大致輪廓。
41. Conflict， defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another， is distinguished from competition， defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.
[參考譯文]戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)沖突與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不同，前者可以定義為社會(huì)實(shí)體之間彼此對(duì)立的抗?fàn)?，后者可定義為各個(gè)實(shí)體在單獨(dú)獲取供應(yīng)不足的物資時(shí)所產(chǎn)生的對(duì)抗。
42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species， only the fittest survive.
[參考譯文]許多作家根據(jù)動(dòng)物世界為生存而進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)中具有適者生存的規(guī)律這一點(diǎn)，論證戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的。
43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching， the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man， but that they think at all.
[參考譯文]正如在不同時(shí)代，塞繆爾。約翰遜博士所談?wù)摰呐坎嫉酪粯樱?jì)算機(jī)的驚人之處不是它們的思考能力不如人類，而是它們居然會(huì)思考。
44. Finally， the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear.
[參考譯文]最后，人類和計(jì)算機(jī)之間的界線將變得模糊起來(lái)。
45. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower， the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly.
[參考譯文]由于在其進(jìn)化期間，人類的生活節(jié)奏較為緩慢，人腦形成了固有的缺陷，不能同時(shí)接收來(lái)自多個(gè)渠道的信息并迅速進(jìn)行處理。
47. In an ideal world， there would be some ways of controlling quality such as that the VCR must be redesigned repeatedly until， say. 90 per cent of the time.
[參考譯文]理想的社會(huì)里，一定會(huì)有辦法來(lái)監(jiān)控產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。例如，對(duì)錄像機(jī)，可以通過(guò)反復(fù)設(shè)計(jì)，最終達(dá)到，比方說(shuō)，使90%的用戶在90%的情況下能正確使用其90%的功能。
47. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead.
[參考譯文]要想知道未來(lái)會(huì)是什么樣子，我們就要回顧過(guò)去。或者：回顧過(guò)去，我們可以據(jù)此展望未來(lái)。
48. No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention， the chip， would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers， digital communications and factory robots.
[參考譯文]如果20年前的人們預(yù)想現(xiàn)在的情況，恐怕誰(shuí)也無(wú)法預(yù)見(jiàn)到僅集成電路塊一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，一旦將其運(yùn)用于個(gè)人電腦、數(shù)字通信和工廠機(jī)器人身上，會(huì)給世界帶來(lái)怎樣的變化。
49. Interestingly， though， the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.
[參考譯文]然而，有趣的是，如果長(zhǎng)相平平的女士和漂亮的女士都有突然獲得成功，人們會(huì)認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)相平平的女士的人際關(guān)系比漂亮女士好，而她們的能力卻不如漂亮女士。
50. Most of these books， as well as several chapters， mainly in， but not limited to， journalism and broadcasting handbooks and reporting texts， stress the “how to ” aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview， its context， and implications.
[參考譯文]大多數(shù)的這類書和一些章節(jié)強(qiáng)調(diào)如何進(jìn)行采訪，而不是研究采訪的概念性問(wèn)題，比如采訪的概念性問(wèn)題，比如采訪的背景以及含義。這些章節(jié)主要見(jiàn)于，但也不限于，報(bào)章雜志、廣播手冊(cè)以及新聞報(bào)道的書籍中。