一：過去式：
主句 從句
would/could/should/might+have done had done
1.If he hadn’t offered we a ride home,I would have called a taxi.
If we had depared earlier,we wouldn’t have missed the bus.
2.If it hadn’t been for your help,I wouldn’t habe surived the accident.
3.可倒裝：（分詞可前可后）
Had we departed earlier,we…….
Had it not been for your help,I…….
二：現在時：
主語 從句
W./C./S./M.+do did或were
1. were無人稱和數的變化
If you were my student,you should obey me.
If he were my student,he should obey me.
2. If you needed my help,Iwould lend you a hand.
3. If it were not for your help,I would be homeless now.
4. were可倒did 不可倒
Were he my student,he……
Were it not for your help,I…..
If Ihad 10 million yuan,I would buy a new apartment.
三：將來時
主句 從句
W./C./S./M.+do should do 或were to do
1. were無人稱和數的變化
If he should seek employment,he would be hire easily.
2．可倒裝
should it rain tomorrow…….
Were it to rain tomorrow……
四：動詞
動詞后+從句謂語動詞 should+do should 可省
建議：suggest,recommend,advise,propose,move,instruct,
maintain,prefer
請求：ask,beg,require,request
打算，愿望：decide,determine,intend,desire,assume
命令：arrange,direct,command,order
其他：urge,agree,hint,insist,promise
He urged the library should stay open during summer vocation.
He assumed he would be selected chairman of the committee.
五：形容詞
從句謂語動詞should +do，should 可省
It’s important to acquire professional knowledge and skill.
It’s important for us to acquire…..
It’s important that we should…..
·essential,fundamental,important,vital,necessary,imperative,
better,best,appropriate,probable,expedient,natural
·desirable,advisable,urgent,preferable
·strange,odd,amazing,astonishing,surprising,shocked,pitiful,
sorry,ridiculous,absurd,unthinkable,incredible,interesting,annoying
1.It’s imperative that we should hold a meeting to settle the problem.
2.It’s advisable that another university be set up.
3.I’m sorry that he should feel that way.
六：名詞
從句謂語動詞should+do ,should可省
1.They made a motion that he should compensate for their loss.
2.It is of great importance that we should made plans to beautify out city.
2.We’re all for your proposal that the discussion.
be put off
七：連詞
。lest;for fear that----從句謂語動詞(should)do
He held the vase firmly lest it should slip from his hand.
We hid behind bushes for fear that the passers by see us.
。as if ,as though------三種虛擬
He was so terrified as if he had seen a ghost.
He works so hard as if he never knew fatigue.
He looked optimistic as if he would win the game.
八：wish,would rather-----三種虛擬
I would rather die the surrender.
would sooner/would as soon/had rather/had sooner=would rather
for the time being =now
would rather
構單句：I would rather die than surrender.
I would rather have falled than (have)cheated on the exam.
構從句：I would rather you hadn’t been present.
I would rather you didn’t beside me.
I would rather they would award me a gold medal.
構句型：I would rather drink some tea.
I would rather not drink any tea.
Would you rather drink some tea?
----Rather. -----I would.
----I would rather not.
Who would rather went with you ,George or me?
3.er would rather have left for SsmFrancisco than stayed in New York.
九：固定句型
It’s time to get up.
It’s time for him to get up.
It’s time that he got up.
It’s time various countries called for a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.
十：禮貌問句。
Would you like some tea?
Would you like to drink some tea?
Would you please go with me?
Would you mind opening the door?
Would you mind my opening the door?
Might I borrow you unbrella?
十一：感嘆句式
If only ….要是。。。多好
If only the rain would stop!
If only he were here!
If only hadn’t accepted his invitation!
十二：介，副詞
with ,without, but for
With her financial support,he would establish his own business.
Without air and water,no living things would exist.
But for your help,I couldn’t have got.
十三：錯位虛擬
Jim would be studying in the university if he had passed the entrance examination.
If he had followed the doctor’s advise,he would be quite well now.
If you had departed for Beijing yesterday,you would be talking with your father now
If you were 17-year old ……….
十四：公式化語句，表示祝愿，詛咒等
God bless you!
God damn you!
The devil take you.
So be it then.
Heaven forbid!
Long live Maism!
May you be happy!
獨立主格結構
特點：
1：結構由兩部分組成即：邏輯主語+非謂語動詞/表語成分
2：作狀語成分（原因，結果，時間，伴隨…）整句是簡單句，主語不同，無連詞
3：不帶介詞的獨立主格結構用逗號與主句隔開，而帶介詞的可隔可不隔
4：with作為主格結構
5：獨立主格結構能精簡行文，起到言簡意賅的效果；
一：主句+介/副詞
1> put on his socks,wrong side out.
He put on his socks.The wrong side was out.
He put on his socks but the wrong side was out.
2>The trees grow up straight,only branches at the top.
4>The economic crisis in this country is deepening.
Price up and up,production down and down.
二：主語+形容詞
1> The movie over,we went home.
2> He slept with windows open.
He slept and the windows were open.
有時獨立主格結果的邏輯主語與形容詞標語間可加being意思不變
Other things being equal,man with flevent English is sure to succeed more quickly.
Her mother being ill in hospital Many had to do all the housework.
Her mother ill in hospital,Mary………..
主語+主動語態(tài)的非謂語動詞，獨立主格結構的邏輯謂語是：根據時態(tài)的不同改變形式，參照下表：
主動語態(tài)一般形式 獨立主格形式
一般現在時： do/does doing
過去時態(tài)： did doing
完成時態(tài)： have/has/had done having done
進行時態(tài)： be doing doing
1> He stood there,his eyes looking straight up the wall.
He stood there and his eyes looked………
2> Time permiting,we will say goodbye to him before leaving.
If time permits,we will say……….
四：主語+被動語態(tài)的非謂語動詞
獨立主格結構的邏輯謂語時態(tài)變化如下：
被動語態(tài)一般形式 獨立主格形式
一般現在時： be done done
過去時態(tài): be done done
完成時態(tài) have/has/had been done having been done
進行時態(tài) be being done being done
With your assignment finished,you can go traveling.
His leg hardly hurt,he had to stay in bed.
5:主動+動詞不定式：
With him to help her,she could win the prize.
If he should help her,She would win the prize.
Time is pressing with only two hours to go.
The couple came in,following dogs.狗在前，主動
The couple came in ,followed bu dogs.人在前，被動
We left the meeting,there obciousing being no point in staying.
There is no point in arguing further.
完成時態(tài)的標志詞匯：
1.just 2.for 3.yet 4.already 5.ever 6.never 7.since 8.by 9.lately 10.recently 11.so far 12.up till now 13.in the past…years 14.over these year
表猜測：
對現在：must/can’t do
對過去：must/can’t have done
同意詞：
依靠，依賴：rely on,depend on,base on,count on,subsist on
到…的程度：to…extent , to… degree…
影響：have influence on,have impact on,have effect on,have impression on
詞義辨析：
long before很久以前/before long=shortly after wards不久以后 just as 正如 even if 即使
take 帶走 bring 帶來 fetch來回，循環(huán)
作文中常用到的句式
1．）常用于開頭的短語
Generally speaking,…..一般來說。。。。。。。
It goes without saying that………..不用說
It is clear that………because……..很明顯地。。。因為。。。。。
It is often said that…………常常有人說。。。。。。。。
A proverb says:…….有句諺語說：
As the proverb says ………..如諺語說。。。
Many people often ask this question: 許多人常常問這個問題
2）常用于擴展段開頭的短語
Therefore we should realize that…………因此我們應該了解
We have reason to belive that….我們有理由相信
Everybody knows that……每個人都知道。。。。。。。。
It can be easily proved that……很容易證明。。。。。。、
It is true that …..。。。。。是真實的
No one can deny that……….誰也不能否認。。。。。。。。
One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…
跟上述同樣重要的一項是。。。。。
The chief reason why …………..is that…..為什么。。。。的主要原因是。。。。。。。
We must recognize that………..我們必須承認。。。。。。。。
There is no doubt that…..我認為。。。。
This can be expressed as follows :…..可分下列數點：。。。。
To take ….for an example …..以。。。。。。為例。。。。。
（Now that）we know that……（既然）我們知道。。。。。
What is more serious is that…..更重要的是。。。。。
TO BE CONTINUE…..