導(dǎo)讀：
1. 內(nèi)容：詞匯（一）
2. 重點：詞匯考點及解題思路（一）
TEXT
Hearts and Minds
Antidepressants not only treat depression, but can also help prevent heart disease. The scientists who have made this discovery think that improved mood makes the difference, rather than direct action by the drugs.
People who suffer from severe depression are up to four times as likely to die from heart disease triggered by obstructed blood flow as people who are not depressed —— even allowing fore classical risk factors such as smoking and high cholesterol levels. In fact, depression is a greater risk factor than smoking.
In 1996, Dominique Musselman of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and her colleagues tried to find out if depressed people are at risk because they have higher levels of sticky platelets in their blood. Following injuries, platelets stick together and clot to stop us from bleeding to death. Too much clotting would cause heart problems.
The researchers took blood samples from both depressed and healthy people and examined their platelets for evidence of stickiness. They measured characteristic chemical changes that occur on the surfaces of platelets as they prepare to clot and become sticky. The numbers of sticky platelets in depressed people, they found, were 41 per cent higher than in healthy volunteers.
Now the team has shown that antidepressant drugs can cut down the numbers of sticky platelets in the blood of depressed patients. They monitored 15 patients taking a drug from a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which includes Prozac （鹽酸氟西?。? The number of sticky platelets fell in all the patients, and even dropped back to normal levels in some of them, Musselman told a meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry in Washington DC last week.
"Treatment diminishes the stickiness of the platelets," she concludes. But one big question still remained. Does the drug lower the platelet stickiness directly, or does a happier mental state do the trick?
To find out, Musselman is running a placebo trial. Early results suggest people who don't report any improvement in mood after taking antidepressants also don't have much reduction in platelet stickiness. In contrast, people whose mood improves even with a placebo do show less platelet stickiness. This result suggests that mood improvement is the key. New Words
antidepressant [AntidI5pres[nt] n. 搞抑郁劑
depression [di5preFEn] n. 抑郁癥
trigger [trigE] vt. 觸發(fā)，引發(fā)
obstruct [Eb5strkt] vt. 阻塞，堵塞
classical [5klAsikEl] adj. 典型的，傳統(tǒng)的
cholesterol [kE5lestErRl] n. 膽固醇
sticky [5stiki] adj. 粘性的，困難的
platelet [5pleItlit] n. 血小板
characteristic [kArEktE5ristik] adj.特
有的，表示特性的，典型的
surface [5sEfis] n. 表面
clot [5klRt] vt. vi. n. （使）凝塊
monitor [5mRnit[] vt. 監(jiān)測
serotonin [7siErE5t[unin] n. 血清素
reuptake [ri:5QpteIt] n. 再吸收
inhibitor [in5hib5t[] vt. 抑制
diminish [dI5miniF] vt. 減少/小
mental [5mentEl] adj. 心理/精神的
trick [trik] n. 詭計，訣竅
mood [mU:d] n. 情緒，心情
run [rQn] vt. 進行，傳播，相傳
placebo [plE5si:bEu] n. 安慰劑
應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)
I. 詞匯考點
1. 詞匯量
A級詞匯量為6000個左右；B級詞匯量為5000個左右；C級詞匯量為4000個左右。
單詞記憶：
A. 少量多次，經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)：一天背30－50，多背幾遍；開始背下一課單詞前先復(fù)習(xí)以前背過的單詞
B. 短語習(xí)語、聯(lián)想記憶：聯(lián)想已經(jīng)學(xué)過的同義、近義、反義詞等
C. 詞根詞綴，幫助記憶：幫助理解記憶及詞義推測能力。
2. 構(gòu)詞法
1） 詞根
2） 詞綴
A. 前綴
表示否定
a. dis- 加在名詞、形容詞、動詞之前：Disadvantage缺點；dishonorable不光彩有；disagree不同意
b. in- 加在形容詞、名詞前：incorrect不正確的；inability無能
c. im- 加在字母m, b, p前：impossible不可能的
d. il- 加在以l開頭的詞前：illegal非法的
e. ir- 加在以r開頭的詞前：irregular不規(guī)則的、irresistible不可抵抗的
f. un- 加在名詞、形容詞、副詞前：unemployment失業(yè)
g. non- 加在形容詞、名詞前：non-existence不存在
h. mis- 加在動詞、名詞前：misunderstand誤解，misleading誤導(dǎo)
i. dis- 加在動詞前：disappear消失
j. de- 加在名詞、形容詞前：decolour使脫色
k. anti- 加在名詞、形容詞前：antidote解毒藥，antisocial反社會的
l. counter- 加在名詞、動詞前：counteract抵抗，阻礙
表示前
a. pre-：pre-existing先于…而存在的；preface前言
b. ante-：anteroom前室
c. fore-：forehead前額；foresee預(yù)見
d. pro-：programme計劃
e. ex-：ex-president前總統(tǒng)
表示低、下
a. hypo-：hypotension低血壓
b. infra-：infra-red紅外線；infrasonic次聲的
c. sub-：subway地鐵；submarine海下的
表示后
a. post-：post-operative術(shù)后的
表示回、再次、向后
a. re-：refuse給…加油；reinforce加強
b. retro-：retrograde倒退
表示共同、和
a. co-：co-exist共存；co-operate合作
表示相互、之間
a. inter-：interchangeable 可互換的；interaction相互作用
表示大、宏、長
a. macro-：macroclimate大氣候
表示出、超出、超過
a. extra-：extraordinary特別的
b. hyper-：hypertension高血壓
c. super-：supermarket超市
d. ultra-：ultrasound超聲波
e. sur-：surface表面
其他前綴
a. auto- 自：automatic自動的
b. mal- 壞惡：malnutrition營養(yǎng)不良
c. micro- 微，?。簃icroscope顯微鏡
d. tele- 遠、電：telegram電報；telescope望遠鏡
e. semi-, hemi-, demi- 半：hemisphere半球；semi-circle半園
f. uni-, mono- 單：unilateral單側(cè)的；monologue獨白；monoamine一元胺，單胺
g. bi- 二：bimanual用兩手的
h. tri- 三：triangle三角的
i. quadri- 四：quadruple四倍的
j. multi- 多：multi-national多國的
k. poly- 多：polymorph多形體
l. homo- 同：homosexual同性戀的
m. neo- 新：neonate新生兒
n. proto- 原始：prototype原型；protoplasm原生質(zhì)
o. pan- 全、泛、總：panchromatic全色（性）的；pancytopenia全細胞減少癥
p. trans- 通過，橫過：transparent透明的；transcutaneous經(jīng)皮的
q. com-, con-, col-, cor- 共同，和，完全：correlate相互關(guān)系；community社區(qū)
r. syn- 共同：synthetic合成的
s. en-, 內(nèi)、放進、在…之中、使成為：enable使能夠；enrich使豐富
t. em- 在p, b, m前，同en-：embed埋置；embody使具體化
u. intra-, intro- 內(nèi)：intracardiac心臟內(nèi)的
v. milli- 毫：millimeter毫米
w. kilo- 千：kilometer千米
B. 后綴
名詞
a. -ant, -ent表示人或構(gòu)件：assistant申請人；dependant依賴者
b. -ee在動詞后表示動作接受者：employee被雇傭者
c. -eer表示從事…的人：engineer工程師；volunteer自愿者
d. -er加在動詞后指發(fā)出動作的人或物：dispenser藥劑師；absorber吸收者
e. -or指人或物：accelerator加速器；actor演員
f. -praph計，儀，器：electrocardiograph心電圖儀
g. -ist家，員：chemist化學(xué)家
h. -meter儀器：oxymeter測氧儀
i. -let?。簆latelet血小板
j. -age在動詞后表行為結(jié)果：shortage短缺，storage儲藏
k. -al：approval同意；refusal拒絕
l. -cy：accuracy正確性
m. -it is炎癥：arthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎
n. -gram圖等：electrocardiogram心電圖
o. -ics學(xué)：pediatrics兒科學(xué)
p. -logy學(xué)科：biology生物學(xué)
形容詞
a. -able, -ible在動詞后：avoidable可避免的；possible可能的
b. -al名詞后：occasional偶爾的
c. -ic名詞后：pediatric兒科的
d. -ish名詞后，表示具有…性質(zhì)的，帶…色彩的：childish幼稚的，greenish微綠的
e. -fold名詞后，倍：threefold三倍的
f. -id：acid酸的
g. -proof, -free防…的，免…的，無…的：airproof防氣的；ice-free不凍的
h. -some, ious, uous, eous：tiresome疲憊的；various多種多樣的；continuous繼續(xù)的
動詞
a. -en在名詞、形容詞后：lengthen加長；fasten加快
b. -ate, -ute：calculate計算
c. -ify在名詞、形容詞后：beautify美化；acidify酸化
d. -ize, -ise, -yse：analyze分析，modernize現(xiàn)代化
e. -er：flatter吹捧；whisper耳語
副詞
a. -ly在形容詞后：immediately立即
b. -ways, -wise, -wards在名詞或代詞后：endways末端向上地，upwards向上地；likewise同樣
3. 綜合理解能力
A. 根據(jù)上下文理解原文意義選擇合適選項
B. 根據(jù)用法差異選擇相關(guān)選項
C. 用四個選項逐個替換原句單詞或短語，排除不適用選項
D. 碰到難句，根據(jù)選項本身單詞詞義靈活選擇
II. 常見詞組搭配（見補充材料）
III. 解題實例
1. 根據(jù)上下文理解原文意義選擇合適選項
a. His test results are not very consistent. He does well one week and badly the next.
A. invariable B. stable C. consequent D. continuous
b. Henry forgot to bring his admission card with him. Nevertheless, he was allowed into the classroom to take the examination
A. Moreover B. Consequently C. Certainly D. In spite of that
2. 根據(jù)用法差異選擇相關(guān)選項
a. Can you direct me to the post office?
A. point B. explain C. guide D. indicate
b. He was incompetent of understand anything which involved numbers.
A. unable B. useless C. impossible D. incapable
3. 用四個選項逐個替換原句單詞或短語，排除不適用選項
a. Thomas said he was late because he was caught in a traffic jam. That was a possible story.
A. like B. alike C. likely D. likeness
b. During the 1800's and 1900's, new academic disciplines such as chemistry and physics made great progress.
A. sacrifice B. forefront C. preconceptions D. advancements
4. 碰到難句，根據(jù)選項本身單詞詞義靈活選擇
Electrical appliance such as toasters or hair dryers are designed to take advantage of the ability of an electric current to heat a wire.
A. reinstall B. strong points C. augment D. sense
1. 內(nèi)容：詞匯（一）
2. 重點：詞匯考點及解題思路（一）
TEXT
Hearts and Minds
Antidepressants not only treat depression, but can also help prevent heart disease. The scientists who have made this discovery think that improved mood makes the difference, rather than direct action by the drugs.
People who suffer from severe depression are up to four times as likely to die from heart disease triggered by obstructed blood flow as people who are not depressed —— even allowing fore classical risk factors such as smoking and high cholesterol levels. In fact, depression is a greater risk factor than smoking.
In 1996, Dominique Musselman of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, and her colleagues tried to find out if depressed people are at risk because they have higher levels of sticky platelets in their blood. Following injuries, platelets stick together and clot to stop us from bleeding to death. Too much clotting would cause heart problems.
The researchers took blood samples from both depressed and healthy people and examined their platelets for evidence of stickiness. They measured characteristic chemical changes that occur on the surfaces of platelets as they prepare to clot and become sticky. The numbers of sticky platelets in depressed people, they found, were 41 per cent higher than in healthy volunteers.
Now the team has shown that antidepressant drugs can cut down the numbers of sticky platelets in the blood of depressed patients. They monitored 15 patients taking a drug from a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, which includes Prozac （鹽酸氟西?。? The number of sticky platelets fell in all the patients, and even dropped back to normal levels in some of them, Musselman told a meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry in Washington DC last week.
"Treatment diminishes the stickiness of the platelets," she concludes. But one big question still remained. Does the drug lower the platelet stickiness directly, or does a happier mental state do the trick?
To find out, Musselman is running a placebo trial. Early results suggest people who don't report any improvement in mood after taking antidepressants also don't have much reduction in platelet stickiness. In contrast, people whose mood improves even with a placebo do show less platelet stickiness. This result suggests that mood improvement is the key. New Words
antidepressant [AntidI5pres[nt] n. 搞抑郁劑
depression [di5preFEn] n. 抑郁癥
trigger [trigE] vt. 觸發(fā)，引發(fā)
obstruct [Eb5strkt] vt. 阻塞，堵塞
classical [5klAsikEl] adj. 典型的，傳統(tǒng)的
cholesterol [kE5lestErRl] n. 膽固醇
sticky [5stiki] adj. 粘性的，困難的
platelet [5pleItlit] n. 血小板
characteristic [kArEktE5ristik] adj.特
有的，表示特性的，典型的
surface [5sEfis] n. 表面
clot [5klRt] vt. vi. n. （使）凝塊
monitor [5mRnit[] vt. 監(jiān)測
serotonin [7siErE5t[unin] n. 血清素
reuptake [ri:5QpteIt] n. 再吸收
inhibitor [in5hib5t[] vt. 抑制
diminish [dI5miniF] vt. 減少/小
mental [5mentEl] adj. 心理/精神的
trick [trik] n. 詭計，訣竅
mood [mU:d] n. 情緒，心情
run [rQn] vt. 進行，傳播，相傳
placebo [plE5si:bEu] n. 安慰劑
應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)
I. 詞匯考點
1. 詞匯量
A級詞匯量為6000個左右；B級詞匯量為5000個左右；C級詞匯量為4000個左右。
單詞記憶：
A. 少量多次，經(jīng)常復(fù)習(xí)：一天背30－50，多背幾遍；開始背下一課單詞前先復(fù)習(xí)以前背過的單詞
B. 短語習(xí)語、聯(lián)想記憶：聯(lián)想已經(jīng)學(xué)過的同義、近義、反義詞等
C. 詞根詞綴，幫助記憶：幫助理解記憶及詞義推測能力。
2. 構(gòu)詞法
1） 詞根
2） 詞綴
A. 前綴
表示否定
a. dis- 加在名詞、形容詞、動詞之前：Disadvantage缺點；dishonorable不光彩有；disagree不同意
b. in- 加在形容詞、名詞前：incorrect不正確的；inability無能
c. im- 加在字母m, b, p前：impossible不可能的
d. il- 加在以l開頭的詞前：illegal非法的
e. ir- 加在以r開頭的詞前：irregular不規(guī)則的、irresistible不可抵抗的
f. un- 加在名詞、形容詞、副詞前：unemployment失業(yè)
g. non- 加在形容詞、名詞前：non-existence不存在
h. mis- 加在動詞、名詞前：misunderstand誤解，misleading誤導(dǎo)
i. dis- 加在動詞前：disappear消失
j. de- 加在名詞、形容詞前：decolour使脫色
k. anti- 加在名詞、形容詞前：antidote解毒藥，antisocial反社會的
l. counter- 加在名詞、動詞前：counteract抵抗，阻礙
表示前
a. pre-：pre-existing先于…而存在的；preface前言
b. ante-：anteroom前室
c. fore-：forehead前額；foresee預(yù)見
d. pro-：programme計劃
e. ex-：ex-president前總統(tǒng)
表示低、下
a. hypo-：hypotension低血壓
b. infra-：infra-red紅外線；infrasonic次聲的
c. sub-：subway地鐵；submarine海下的
表示后
a. post-：post-operative術(shù)后的
表示回、再次、向后
a. re-：refuse給…加油；reinforce加強
b. retro-：retrograde倒退
表示共同、和
a. co-：co-exist共存；co-operate合作
表示相互、之間
a. inter-：interchangeable 可互換的；interaction相互作用
表示大、宏、長
a. macro-：macroclimate大氣候
表示出、超出、超過
a. extra-：extraordinary特別的
b. hyper-：hypertension高血壓
c. super-：supermarket超市
d. ultra-：ultrasound超聲波
e. sur-：surface表面
其他前綴
a. auto- 自：automatic自動的
b. mal- 壞惡：malnutrition營養(yǎng)不良
c. micro- 微，?。簃icroscope顯微鏡
d. tele- 遠、電：telegram電報；telescope望遠鏡
e. semi-, hemi-, demi- 半：hemisphere半球；semi-circle半園
f. uni-, mono- 單：unilateral單側(cè)的；monologue獨白；monoamine一元胺，單胺
g. bi- 二：bimanual用兩手的
h. tri- 三：triangle三角的
i. quadri- 四：quadruple四倍的
j. multi- 多：multi-national多國的
k. poly- 多：polymorph多形體
l. homo- 同：homosexual同性戀的
m. neo- 新：neonate新生兒
n. proto- 原始：prototype原型；protoplasm原生質(zhì)
o. pan- 全、泛、總：panchromatic全色（性）的；pancytopenia全細胞減少癥
p. trans- 通過，橫過：transparent透明的；transcutaneous經(jīng)皮的
q. com-, con-, col-, cor- 共同，和，完全：correlate相互關(guān)系；community社區(qū)
r. syn- 共同：synthetic合成的
s. en-, 內(nèi)、放進、在…之中、使成為：enable使能夠；enrich使豐富
t. em- 在p, b, m前，同en-：embed埋置；embody使具體化
u. intra-, intro- 內(nèi)：intracardiac心臟內(nèi)的
v. milli- 毫：millimeter毫米
w. kilo- 千：kilometer千米
B. 后綴
名詞
a. -ant, -ent表示人或構(gòu)件：assistant申請人；dependant依賴者
b. -ee在動詞后表示動作接受者：employee被雇傭者
c. -eer表示從事…的人：engineer工程師；volunteer自愿者
d. -er加在動詞后指發(fā)出動作的人或物：dispenser藥劑師；absorber吸收者
e. -or指人或物：accelerator加速器；actor演員
f. -praph計，儀，器：electrocardiograph心電圖儀
g. -ist家，員：chemist化學(xué)家
h. -meter儀器：oxymeter測氧儀
i. -let?。簆latelet血小板
j. -age在動詞后表行為結(jié)果：shortage短缺，storage儲藏
k. -al：approval同意；refusal拒絕
l. -cy：accuracy正確性
m. -it is炎癥：arthritis關(guān)節(jié)炎
n. -gram圖等：electrocardiogram心電圖
o. -ics學(xué)：pediatrics兒科學(xué)
p. -logy學(xué)科：biology生物學(xué)
形容詞
a. -able, -ible在動詞后：avoidable可避免的；possible可能的
b. -al名詞后：occasional偶爾的
c. -ic名詞后：pediatric兒科的
d. -ish名詞后，表示具有…性質(zhì)的，帶…色彩的：childish幼稚的，greenish微綠的
e. -fold名詞后，倍：threefold三倍的
f. -id：acid酸的
g. -proof, -free防…的，免…的，無…的：airproof防氣的；ice-free不凍的
h. -some, ious, uous, eous：tiresome疲憊的；various多種多樣的；continuous繼續(xù)的
動詞
a. -en在名詞、形容詞后：lengthen加長；fasten加快
b. -ate, -ute：calculate計算
c. -ify在名詞、形容詞后：beautify美化；acidify酸化
d. -ize, -ise, -yse：analyze分析，modernize現(xiàn)代化
e. -er：flatter吹捧；whisper耳語
副詞
a. -ly在形容詞后：immediately立即
b. -ways, -wise, -wards在名詞或代詞后：endways末端向上地，upwards向上地；likewise同樣
3. 綜合理解能力
A. 根據(jù)上下文理解原文意義選擇合適選項
B. 根據(jù)用法差異選擇相關(guān)選項
C. 用四個選項逐個替換原句單詞或短語，排除不適用選項
D. 碰到難句，根據(jù)選項本身單詞詞義靈活選擇
II. 常見詞組搭配（見補充材料）
III. 解題實例
1. 根據(jù)上下文理解原文意義選擇合適選項
a. His test results are not very consistent. He does well one week and badly the next.
A. invariable B. stable C. consequent D. continuous
b. Henry forgot to bring his admission card with him. Nevertheless, he was allowed into the classroom to take the examination
A. Moreover B. Consequently C. Certainly D. In spite of that
2. 根據(jù)用法差異選擇相關(guān)選項
a. Can you direct me to the post office?
A. point B. explain C. guide D. indicate
b. He was incompetent of understand anything which involved numbers.
A. unable B. useless C. impossible D. incapable
3. 用四個選項逐個替換原句單詞或短語，排除不適用選項
a. Thomas said he was late because he was caught in a traffic jam. That was a possible story.
A. like B. alike C. likely D. likeness
b. During the 1800's and 1900's, new academic disciplines such as chemistry and physics made great progress.
A. sacrifice B. forefront C. preconceptions D. advancements
4. 碰到難句，根據(jù)選項本身單詞詞義靈活選擇
Electrical appliance such as toasters or hair dryers are designed to take advantage of the ability of an electric current to heat a wire.
A. reinstall B. strong points C. augment D. sense