exercise 5
capitalize and punctuate the following passages:
1.london fire
at one o’clock on september 2 1666 the great fire of london started in side a bakers shop in pudding lane it lasted five days and nearly 80%of all the buildings within the london wall were razed according to the official report l3200 houses 87 parish churches over 400 streets and the enormous old st pauls cathedral one of the wonders of the medieval world were in ruins out of londons 450 acres only 75 remained untouched.
robert hubert a french watchmaker from rouen was accused of the fire the sentence said he had deliberately started the fire after he was hanged it was conclusively proved that he had not even arrived in london until two days after the fire broke out
2.mountain-climbing and sight-seeing
mr jones was very fond of climbing mountains so one year he went to switzerland for his holidays after he had climbed some easy mountains he decided one day to climb a more difficult one but he did not want to go up it alone so he found a good swiss guide who had often climbed that mountain
at first it was not a difficult climb but then they came to a place which was not so easy the guide stopped turned round and warned mr jones be careful here he said this is a dangerous place you can easily fall and if you do you will fall straight down a very long way but he continued calmly if you do fall here don’t forget to look to the right while you are going down there is a quite extraordinarily beautiful view there much more beautiful than the one you can see from here
3.the road to happiness
it is the simple things that really matter if a man delights in his wife and children has success in work and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night spring and autumn he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be if on the other hand he finds his wife hateful his childrens noise
unendurable and the Office a nightmare if in the daytime he longs for night and at night he sighs for the light of day then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new pattern of life a different diet or more exercise man is an animal and his happiness depends on his physiology more than he likes to think unhappy business men i am convinced would increase their happiness more by walking six miles every day than by any conceivable change of philosophy
七、句型寫作練習(xí)
(一) 并列句
兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用等立連詞或用分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、逗號(hào)等連在一起構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句。常用的等立連詞有and, or, but, so, for, neither, nor, while, whereas等。
用括號(hào)中的連接詞連接下面各組句子。
1) it was a cold snowy day.
he had no money left for food. (and)
2) hurry up.
you’ll be late. (or)
3) it rained heavily last night.
i went to the show anyway. (but)
4) i enjoy classical music.
she enjoys classical music, too. (so)
5) he must be ill.
he is absent today. (for)
6) some people waste food.
others haven’t enough. (while)
7) she is fat.
her husband is thin. (whereas)
8) she cannot read.
she cannot write, either. (neither)
(二) 復(fù)合句
由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句所構(gòu)成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)叫做復(fù)合句，也叫主從復(fù)合句。從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句與主句聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)其在復(fù)合句中的作用，從句可以分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、定語從句、狀語從句和同位語從句。
ø 名詞從句
主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句在句子中的作用相當(dāng)于名詞通常在句中所起的作用，因此統(tǒng)稱為名詞從句。
引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，主要有三類：
1. 主從連詞：that(無詞義)，whether(是否)，if(是否)
2. 連接代詞：who(誰)，whom(誰)，whose(誰的)，what(什么)，which(哪一個(gè)，哪一些)
3. 連接副詞：when(什么時(shí)候)，where(什么地方)，why(為什么)，how(怎樣)
主從連詞只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞除了起連接作用外，還充當(dāng)句中某一個(gè)成分。
1. 將下面每組中的兩個(gè)句子合并，將其中一個(gè)改為主語從句。
1) they need more help in english.
that is quite obvious.
2) she is still alive.
that is good news.
3) she will come here.
it doesn’t seem likely.
4) the children came to the zoo.
they like the pandas best.
5) we are badly in need of something.
it is raw material.
2. 將下面每組中的詞連成句子，使其中包含主語從句。
1) did not, a pity, he, come earlier, it’s, that
2) smoking, it is, cause, a well-known fact, lung cancer, can, that
3) encouraged him, it is, but, help him, true, actually, i, that, didn’t
4) they, keep their promise, didn’t, seem, it, likely, that, would ever
5) why, for criticism, hard to understand, had singled out, mary, it was, prof. hardy
3. 將下面每組中的兩個(gè)句子合并，將其中一個(gè)改為賓語從句。
1) what kind of show are they putting on?
can you tell me?
2) is the letter overweight?
i’m wondering.
3) how can we improve our study habits?
i am thinking of that.
4) is henry the right person for the job?
we are still uncertain as to that.
5) peter has a slight headache sometimes.
he has always been in good health except that.
6) he had forgotten to take his notebook with him.
he suddenly remembered that.
4. 將下面每組中的兩個(gè)句子合并，將其中一個(gè)改為賓語從句，并且用it作形式賓語。
1) i was far more intelligent than he was.
i always took that for granted.
2) you were unable to attend our meeting.
we all thought that was a pity.
3) you should mind your manners.
we consider that is important.
4) he was too ill to go on working.
he didn’t want that to be known.
5) every one of you should finish your homework on time.
i regard that as important.
6) his father would come to his help if he got into trouble.
he took that for granted.
7) he might change his mind at the last minute.
we thought that was highly probable.
8) the train will be delayed by the dense fog.
i think that is likely.
9) you should stop smoking.
the doctor thinks that is advisable.
5. 用 “what” 從句將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。
1) could you show me ______ (you, write)?
2) this is ________(we, should always, keep in mind).
3) (they, see) _______ in china made a deep impression on them.
4) we must not put off till tomorrow ______ (we, can, do , today).
capitalize and punctuate the following passages:
1.london fire
at one o’clock on september 2 1666 the great fire of london started in side a bakers shop in pudding lane it lasted five days and nearly 80%of all the buildings within the london wall were razed according to the official report l3200 houses 87 parish churches over 400 streets and the enormous old st pauls cathedral one of the wonders of the medieval world were in ruins out of londons 450 acres only 75 remained untouched.
robert hubert a french watchmaker from rouen was accused of the fire the sentence said he had deliberately started the fire after he was hanged it was conclusively proved that he had not even arrived in london until two days after the fire broke out
2.mountain-climbing and sight-seeing
mr jones was very fond of climbing mountains so one year he went to switzerland for his holidays after he had climbed some easy mountains he decided one day to climb a more difficult one but he did not want to go up it alone so he found a good swiss guide who had often climbed that mountain
at first it was not a difficult climb but then they came to a place which was not so easy the guide stopped turned round and warned mr jones be careful here he said this is a dangerous place you can easily fall and if you do you will fall straight down a very long way but he continued calmly if you do fall here don’t forget to look to the right while you are going down there is a quite extraordinarily beautiful view there much more beautiful than the one you can see from here
3.the road to happiness
it is the simple things that really matter if a man delights in his wife and children has success in work and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night spring and autumn he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be if on the other hand he finds his wife hateful his childrens noise
unendurable and the Office a nightmare if in the daytime he longs for night and at night he sighs for the light of day then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new pattern of life a different diet or more exercise man is an animal and his happiness depends on his physiology more than he likes to think unhappy business men i am convinced would increase their happiness more by walking six miles every day than by any conceivable change of philosophy
七、句型寫作練習(xí)
(一) 并列句
兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用等立連詞或用分號(hào)、冒號(hào)、逗號(hào)等連在一起構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句。常用的等立連詞有and, or, but, so, for, neither, nor, while, whereas等。
用括號(hào)中的連接詞連接下面各組句子。
1) it was a cold snowy day.
he had no money left for food. (and)
2) hurry up.
you’ll be late. (or)
3) it rained heavily last night.
i went to the show anyway. (but)
4) i enjoy classical music.
she enjoys classical music, too. (so)
5) he must be ill.
he is absent today. (for)
6) some people waste food.
others haven’t enough. (while)
7) she is fat.
her husband is thin. (whereas)
8) she cannot read.
she cannot write, either. (neither)
(二) 復(fù)合句
由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句所構(gòu)成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)叫做復(fù)合句，也叫主從復(fù)合句。從句由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)聯(lián)詞將從句與主句聯(lián)系在一起。根據(jù)其在復(fù)合句中的作用，從句可以分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、定語從句、狀語從句和同位語從句。
ø 名詞從句
主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句在句子中的作用相當(dāng)于名詞通常在句中所起的作用，因此統(tǒng)稱為名詞從句。
引導(dǎo)名詞從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，主要有三類：
1. 主從連詞：that(無詞義)，whether(是否)，if(是否)
2. 連接代詞：who(誰)，whom(誰)，whose(誰的)，what(什么)，which(哪一個(gè)，哪一些)
3. 連接副詞：when(什么時(shí)候)，where(什么地方)，why(為什么)，how(怎樣)
主從連詞只起連接作用;連接代詞和連接副詞除了起連接作用外，還充當(dāng)句中某一個(gè)成分。
1. 將下面每組中的兩個(gè)句子合并，將其中一個(gè)改為主語從句。
1) they need more help in english.
that is quite obvious.
2) she is still alive.
that is good news.
3) she will come here.
it doesn’t seem likely.
4) the children came to the zoo.
they like the pandas best.
5) we are badly in need of something.
it is raw material.
2. 將下面每組中的詞連成句子，使其中包含主語從句。
1) did not, a pity, he, come earlier, it’s, that
2) smoking, it is, cause, a well-known fact, lung cancer, can, that
3) encouraged him, it is, but, help him, true, actually, i, that, didn’t
4) they, keep their promise, didn’t, seem, it, likely, that, would ever
5) why, for criticism, hard to understand, had singled out, mary, it was, prof. hardy
3. 將下面每組中的兩個(gè)句子合并，將其中一個(gè)改為賓語從句。
1) what kind of show are they putting on?
can you tell me?
2) is the letter overweight?
i’m wondering.
3) how can we improve our study habits?
i am thinking of that.
4) is henry the right person for the job?
we are still uncertain as to that.
5) peter has a slight headache sometimes.
he has always been in good health except that.
6) he had forgotten to take his notebook with him.
he suddenly remembered that.
4. 將下面每組中的兩個(gè)句子合并，將其中一個(gè)改為賓語從句，并且用it作形式賓語。
1) i was far more intelligent than he was.
i always took that for granted.
2) you were unable to attend our meeting.
we all thought that was a pity.
3) you should mind your manners.
we consider that is important.
4) he was too ill to go on working.
he didn’t want that to be known.
5) every one of you should finish your homework on time.
i regard that as important.
6) his father would come to his help if he got into trouble.
he took that for granted.
7) he might change his mind at the last minute.
we thought that was highly probable.
8) the train will be delayed by the dense fog.
i think that is likely.
9) you should stop smoking.
the doctor thinks that is advisable.
5. 用 “what” 從句將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。
1) could you show me ______ (you, write)?
2) this is ________(we, should always, keep in mind).
3) (they, see) _______ in china made a deep impression on them.
4) we must not put off till tomorrow ______ (we, can, do , today).