似非而是的從屬連詞 - 四級(jí)語法

字號(hào):

??從屬連詞是重要的從屬標(biāo)記:限定從屬分句通常是由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的;非限定分句和無動(dòng)詞分句也可以帶有從屬連詞。
    ??從屬連詞屬于封閉性詞類,就詞的構(gòu)成來說,分為簡(jiǎn)單從屬連詞(simple subordinator)、復(fù)雜從屬連詞(complex subordinator)、關(guān)聯(lián)從屬連詞(correlative subordinator)和邊際從屬連詞(marginal subordinator)。許多學(xué)生對(duì)前三種從屬連詞比較熟悉,但對(duì)邊際從屬連詞不太了解。筆者這里對(duì)邊際從屬連詞作一分析。
    ??有一些結(jié)構(gòu)本來不是連詞,或者僅是隨意結(jié)構(gòu),但實(shí)際上起著從屬連詞的作用,這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以稱作"邊際從屬連詞"。邊際從屬連詞可分為三類。
    ??一、連詞加副詞或副詞加連詞,如even if,ever since,if only,just as,only if等。例如:
    ??1.Even if we achieve great success in our work,we should not be conceited.
    ? 即使我們?cè)诠ぷ髦腥〉昧司薮蟮某煽?jī),也不應(yīng)該自滿。
    ??2.He went down to the countryside in 1958 and has been working there ever since.
    ? 他自從一九五八年下農(nóng)村以來一直在那里工作。
    ??3.If only it clears up,we'll go.只要天一放晴,我們就去。
    ??4.I knew his wife must be praying for him just as I was praying for James.
    ? 我知道他的妻子一定在為他祈禱,正像我為詹姆斯祈禱一樣。
    ??5.I'll come only if you promise me that you won't invite Henry.
    ? 除非你答應(yīng)不邀請(qǐng)亨利,否則我不會(huì)來。
    ??另外,一些瞬間副詞directly,instantly, immediately等也可用作從屬連詞,其意思相當(dāng)于as soon as,主要用于英國(guó)英語。例如:
    ??1.Directly I uttered these words there was a dead silence.
    ??我一說出這幾句話,大家立刻沉默下來。
    ??2.My sister came immediately she got my message.
    ??我姐姐一接到我的口信就來了。
    ??3.I recognized her instantly I saw her.
    ??我一看見她就把她認(rèn)出來了。
    ??二、作時(shí)間狀語的名詞短語,一般有以下兩種:
    ??1.the+表示時(shí)間的名詞
    ?? Telephone me the(very)moment you get the results.
    ??(the moment =as soon as,但比它的語氣強(qiáng))你一得到結(jié)果就立刻給我打電話。
    ?? He disappeared the day she arrived.
    ??(the day =on the day when...)她來到的當(dāng)天他就不見了。
    ?? The instant the militiamen heard the alarm,they fell in for action.
    ?? 民兵們一聽到警報(bào),就立即集合準(zhǔn)備戰(zhàn)斗。
    ??2.不定代詞+time
    ??You may come here any time you want to.你什么時(shí)候想來都可以來。
    ??Each time I traveled by boat,I got seasick.我每次乘船都暈船。
    ?
    ??三、有些介詞詞組也可以引導(dǎo)從句,起從屬連詞的作用,表示時(shí)間、原因或讓步關(guān)系。例如:
    ??1.During the time he stayed at our school,he usually helped our lessons.
    ??他在我們學(xué)校的時(shí)候,總是幫助我們學(xué)習(xí)功課。(表時(shí)間)
    ??2.For all you say,he sticks to his original decision.
    ??不管你說什么,他還是堅(jiān)持他原來的決定。(表讓步)
    ??3.I can't go now on account(of)I have to look after my baby brother.
    ??我現(xiàn)在不能去,因?yàn)槲业谜湛葱〉艿?。(表原因?BR>    ??4.In the event(that)she has not been informed,I will tell her.
    ??如果她還不知道,我會(huì)告訴她的。
    ??5.In the light of the fact that great changes have taken place,we must revise our plan.
    ? 考慮到所發(fā)生的巨大變化,我們必須修改我們的計(jì)劃。