在英語中, 時態(tài)是英語語法中的難點之一，它種類多，容易混淆，下面筆者通過幾種時態(tài)比較, 幫助英語學(xué)習(xí)者理解和掌握時態(tài)的用法。
1. 現(xiàn)在一般時與現(xiàn)在完成時
1) I come from Shanghai(上海人）
I have come from Shanghai（從上海來）
2) You read very well. (強調(diào)能力）
You‘ve read very well. （強調(diào)一次剛完成的動作）
3) I forget.(一時想不起來了）
I have forgotten.（仍沒想起來，可能已回憶起來了）
4) The book is written in simple English. (表狀態(tài)）
The book has been written in simple English.（表動態(tài)，已用英語寫成）
5) Every time I see him, he‘s been reading. （兩個動作不可能同時進行）Every time I have seen him, he‘s been reading. (強調(diào)兩個動作同時進行）
6) He is gone. (強調(diào)狀態(tài)）He has gone （強調(diào)動作和時間）
7) He won‘t come till the play begins. (演出開始時）
He won‘t come till the play has begun.（戲已開始）
8) After I leave school, I‘ll go to college. （兩個動作緊密相接）
After I have left school, I‘ll go to college.（強調(diào)畢業(yè)后，兩個動作可能有間隔）
9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It‘s been a long time since I saw you last.(這兩句話一樣，后一句是美國英語）
10) Where are you? (在哪）Where have you been?(去了哪）
2. 現(xiàn)在一般時與現(xiàn)在進行時
1) He works hard.（強調(diào)始終如一）He is working hard.（強調(diào)現(xiàn)在）
2) What do you do? (干什么工作的）What are you doing?（在干什么）
3) Here comes the bus! (表高興和欣慰）
The bus is coming.（汽車到來的情景）
4) I forget him name. I‘m forgetting his name.(差點把他的名字忘了）
5) You don‘t eat much. (強調(diào)胃口不大）
You‘re not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀）
6) The match starts at 7 o‘clock. (比較固定，不宜改變）
The match is starting at 7 o‘clock.（可以改變）
7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不滿，責(zé)備）
8)Tom goes to college now.
Tom is going to college now.(這兩句區(qū)別不大，后者更生動）
9） I tell you.（我可以告訴你）
I‘m telling you.(我告訴你吧，有感情色彩）
10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.
He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味著整個下午都睡掉了）
11) I expect you to phone me. ( 幾乎等于命令）
I‘m expecting you to phone me.（婉轉(zhuǎn)）
12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你說些什么呀，表說話人驚訝，不滿）
12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(強調(diào)結(jié)果） I‘m finding that the book is too difficult for me. (強調(diào)過程，逐漸感到）
13) Apples cost more these days.(強調(diào)事實)
Apples are costing more these days.(越來越貴)
14) He always thinks of others.
He‘s always thinking of others.(表示贊揚)
15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(強調(diào)兩個動作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(強調(diào)兩個動作同時進行)
16) I hope you‘ll give us some advice.
I‘m hoping you‘ll give us some advice.(表示語氣婉轉(zhuǎn))
17) I must go. (我應(yīng)該去)I must be going.(我該走了)
18) We can discuss this while we eat.(說話是沒用餐)
We can discuss this while we are eating.(進餐已開始)
1. 現(xiàn)在一般時與現(xiàn)在完成時
1) I come from Shanghai(上海人）
I have come from Shanghai（從上海來）
2) You read very well. (強調(diào)能力）
You‘ve read very well. （強調(diào)一次剛完成的動作）
3) I forget.(一時想不起來了）
I have forgotten.（仍沒想起來，可能已回憶起來了）
4) The book is written in simple English. (表狀態(tài)）
The book has been written in simple English.（表動態(tài)，已用英語寫成）
5) Every time I see him, he‘s been reading. （兩個動作不可能同時進行）Every time I have seen him, he‘s been reading. (強調(diào)兩個動作同時進行）
6) He is gone. (強調(diào)狀態(tài)）He has gone （強調(diào)動作和時間）
7) He won‘t come till the play begins. (演出開始時）
He won‘t come till the play has begun.（戲已開始）
8) After I leave school, I‘ll go to college. （兩個動作緊密相接）
After I have left school, I‘ll go to college.（強調(diào)畢業(yè)后，兩個動作可能有間隔）
9) It is a long time since I saw you last. It‘s been a long time since I saw you last.(這兩句話一樣，后一句是美國英語）
10) Where are you? (在哪）Where have you been?(去了哪）
2. 現(xiàn)在一般時與現(xiàn)在進行時
1) He works hard.（強調(diào)始終如一）He is working hard.（強調(diào)現(xiàn)在）
2) What do you do? (干什么工作的）What are you doing?（在干什么）
3) Here comes the bus! (表高興和欣慰）
The bus is coming.（汽車到來的情景）
4) I forget him name. I‘m forgetting his name.(差點把他的名字忘了）
5) You don‘t eat much. (強調(diào)胃口不大）
You‘re not eating much.（你怎么不吃呀）
6) The match starts at 7 o‘clock. (比較固定，不宜改變）
The match is starting at 7 o‘clock.（可以改變）
7) Tom always comes late. Tom is always coming late.(表示不滿，責(zé)備）
8)Tom goes to college now.
Tom is going to college now.(這兩句區(qū)別不大，后者更生動）
9） I tell you.（我可以告訴你）
I‘m telling you.(我告訴你吧，有感情色彩）
10) He always sleeps in the afternoon.
He is always sleeping in the afternoon.(后者意味著整個下午都睡掉了）
11) I expect you to phone me. ( 幾乎等于命令）
I‘m expecting you to phone me.（婉轉(zhuǎn)）
12) What do you say? What are you saying?(你說些什么呀，表說話人驚訝，不滿）
12) I find that the book is too difficult for me.(強調(diào)結(jié)果） I‘m finding that the book is too difficult for me. (強調(diào)過程，逐漸感到）
13) Apples cost more these days.(強調(diào)事實)
Apples are costing more these days.(越來越貴)
14) He always thinks of others.
He‘s always thinking of others.(表示贊揚)
15) Whenever I see him, he argues with somebody.(強調(diào)兩個動作有先后) Whenever I see him, he is arguing with somebody.(強調(diào)兩個動作同時進行)
16) I hope you‘ll give us some advice.
I‘m hoping you‘ll give us some advice.(表示語氣婉轉(zhuǎn))
17) I must go. (我應(yīng)該去)I must be going.(我該走了)
18) We can discuss this while we eat.(說話是沒用餐)
We can discuss this while we are eating.(進餐已開始)