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2019年英語四級閱讀理解模擬試題：測試吸煙
Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to “think and concentrate.” Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived (被剝奪) of cigarettes through a series of tests. In the first test, each subject (試驗對象) sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well. The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster， but under the stimulation of nicotine (尼古丁), active smokers were faster than deprived smokers. In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers. The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but al so had trouble separating important information from insignificant details. “As our tests became more complex.”Sums up Spilich,“non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins”He predicts,“smokers might per form adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity.”
這是一篇說明文，講的是關(guān)于測試吸煙是否有助于思考和集中精力的實驗。
1. The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _______.
A) to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers
B) to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity
C) to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance
D) to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory
2. George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _______.
A) compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details
B) put the subjects through increasingly complex tests
C) check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers
D) register the prompt responses of the subjects
3. The word“bested”(Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _______.
A) beat B) envied C) caught up with D) made the best of
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A) Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.
B) Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.
C) Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.
D) Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks.
5. We can infer from the last paragraph that _______.
A) smokers should not expect to become airline pilots
B) smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness
C) no airline pilots smoke during flights
D) smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases
參考答案及解析
1、[答案及分析]：[A]事實辨認題，依據(jù)是第1段的兩句話。
2、[答案及分析]：[B]本題問G有S的實驗是以下列哪 種方式進行的。文章第2段說the first test是simple test,第3段開頭說第2個實驗more complex，最后一段開頭說“隨著測試逐漸變得復雜，不吸煙的人越來越比吸煙者做得好”，由此可見,George Spilich進行這種測試時以由易到難的順序進行的。因而B項正確。
3、[答案及分析]：[A]詞義推斷題。我們可以看出該被要求推斷詞 義的詞所在的上下文意為：沒有被允許吸煙的人憂于那些在測試前片刻吸過煙的人。best在此句中是動詞，意思應(yīng)該是“優(yōu)于、超過”。而四個選項的意思分別是：beat(擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝)catch up with(趕上)make the best of(充分利用)?？梢钥闯?best和beat意思最為接近。
4、[答案及分析]：[C]根據(jù)第2段第2句可知C項正確：另外，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第2段的后兩句、第3段第2句可知A、B、D均不正確。
5、[答案及分析]：[D]與本題有關(guān)的信息在最后一段兩句：Spilich認為，吸煙者能勝任并不復雜的工作，但不能勝行復雜的任務(wù)。一個吸煙的飛行員不出現(xiàn)任何問題時能稱職也駕駛飛機飛行。但是一旦出現(xiàn)問題，吸煙就會損害他的大腦工作能力。
2019年英語四級閱讀理解模擬試題：手機成了兒童玩具
When the Kids' Favorite Toy Is Daddy's iPhone
Yesterday, my toddler broke another toy. But this wasn't an inexpensive, plastic doo-dad. It was my husband's iPhone.
Like many parents these days, my husband and I sometimes band over our smartphones to our son to soothe him or keep him entertained. It's partly laziness on our party---no other toy, it seems, can captivate him like the iPhone or BlackBerry. He's fascinated by the buttons and touchscreen, the sounds and lights. He hold it up to his ear and pretends he's making an important business call (or arranging a playdate with his best friend.) He somehow even managed to reprogram my BlackBerry to autotype in the Catalan language.
When we take away the BlackBerry or iPhone he wails; no other plaything even a pretty realistic toy cellphone satisfies him as much. (The marketing copy for the toy phone says "This authentic looking play phone will surely distract your child from getting a hold of your cell phone!" Ha! I wish.)
We often hide our phones-we don't want him to ruin them or grow too dependent on them but be almost always tracks them down once he hears the ring or the buzz of an incoming message. (Hiding a phone is tough, however, for those parents who need to have phones handy in case they're on call or the office beckons.) And when we pick up the phone or check messages, that only makes our son want the phone more, since he always wants whatever is in our hands.
Invariably, my son sticks the phone in his mouth and it ends up slobbery and pocked with bitemarks. Or when be eventually tires of the phone, he'll toss it aside, which is how my husband's iPhone met its recent doom.
We're not alone in using our cellphones as high-tech rattles. The AP recently ran a story on how more parents are downloading kid-friendly apps, such as white noise and rattle sounds and easy video games, to their cellphones. And according to a recent NPR report, one parent to encourage his 11-month-old baby to crawl, waves his Blackberry so the baby will crawl toward the gadget.
Readers, do you ever resort to handing over your smartphones to your kids? Any horror stories? Any good kid-friendly apps to recommend?
何時老爸手機成了兒童玩具了
昨天，我家寶寶又弄壞了一個玩具。但這可不是便宜的塑料小玩意兒。那是我丈夫的iPhone手機。
跟當前的許多父母一樣，我們兩口子有時會把自己的智能手機給兒子玩，以此來哄他或者逗他。在我們來說這樣做一部分是因為懶——似乎沒有別的玩具能像iPhone或黑莓一樣讓他著迷。他被手機上的按鍵、觸摸屏和聲光深深吸引。他將手機舉在耳邊，假裝在打一個重要的商業(yè)電話(或是跟好朋友約好一起去玩)。他甚至還不知怎么將我的黑莓手機調(diào)成了加泰羅尼亞語的輸入模式。
要是我們拿走黑莓或者iPhone，他就會大哭;別的任何玩具都沒法像手機一樣滿足他，即便是相當逼真的玩具手機也不例外。(這個玩具手機的宣傳頁上寫著“這部看上去跟真的一模一樣的玩具手機肯定能轉(zhuǎn)移孩子的注意力，讓他們不再染指你的手機!”哈!但愿如此。)
我們常常將于機藏起來，不想讓他給弄壞了或是對手機太過依賴，但只要他聽到鈴聲或信息提示音，他總能找到。(但有些父母需要將手機放在手邊以備隨時待命或公司有事，在這樣的情況下很難藏起手機。)而當我們接電話或是查看信息時，小家伙只會更想拿到手機，因為我們手里不管拿著什么他都想要。
我兒子無可避免地會將手機放進嘴里，最后手機上就會沾滿了口水，還滿是牙印?；蛘叩人K于玩膩了，他就會將手機亂扔，我丈夫的iPhone不久前就是這樣慘遭不幸的。
拿手機當高科技玩具的并不是只有我們兩個。美聯(lián)社(AP)不久前的一篇報道稱，越來越多的父母往手機里下載適合孩子的應(yīng)用程序，比如白噪音和鈴鼓的聲音，還有簡單的視頻游戲。美國國家公共電臺(NPR)最近的一則報道說，一位父親為了鼓勵11個月大的孩子爬，就揮動他的黑莓手機，這樣孩子就會朝手機那邊爬去。
讀者們，你們有沒有拿手機當玩具哄過孩子?有沒有什么慘痛的故事?有什么適合孩子的應(yīng)用程序可以推薦嗎?
句型講解：
1. We often hide our phones-we don't want him to ruin them or grow too dependent on them but he almost always tracks them down once he hears the ring or the buzz of an incoming message.
本句是一個復合句，主句是由 but引導的并列的句子。破折號后面 we don't...on them是對we often hide our phones的目的的補充說明。其中 or引導兩個并列的動詞短語。once引導時間狀語從句，其中or連接兩個并列的名詞短語。
語法重點：并列結(jié)構(gòu)，時間狀語從句
2. And when we pick up the phone or check messages, that only makes our son want the phone more, since he always wants whatever is in our hands.
本句是一個復合句，主句是 that only makes our son want the phone more. when引導時間狀語從句，since引導原因狀語從句，其中whatever引導的名詞性從句作want的賓語。
語法重點：時間狀語從句，原因狀語從句，名詞性從句
3. The AP recently ran a story on how more parents are downloading kid-friendly apps, such as white noise and rattle sounds and easy video games, to their cellphones.
本句是一個復合句，其中how引導的名詞性從句作on的賓語。such as表示舉例。
語法重點：名詞性從句