高考英語語法:高中英語語法-“ It is……”句式歸納之一

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《高中英語語法-“ It is……”句式歸納之一》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)。本內(nèi)容整理時(shí)間為05月12日,如有任何問題請(qǐng)聯(lián)系我們。
    “ It is……”句式歸納之一
    高中英語教材中出現(xiàn)了不少“ It is ……”這樣的句子。其中 it 表達(dá)的意義不同,“ It is ……”的含義也就不一樣。本文在此將教材中出現(xiàn)過的這類句子羅列出來,供同學(xué)們學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)參考。
    一 . It is time ( for sb. ) to do sth. 意為“該是某人做某事的時(shí)候了”。例如:
    It's seven o'clock now. Mike, it is time ( for you ) to go to school.
    7 點(diǎn)了。邁克,你該去上學(xué)了。
    此句式的變異形式為: It is ( high ) time that sb did sth. 該句式表示“某人現(xiàn)在該做某事了”,從句中謂語動(dòng)詞常為過去式,說明現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做的事情。例如:
    It's six o'clock. It is high time that we went home now.
    6 點(diǎn)鐘了。該是我們回家的時(shí)候了。
    二 . It is … when …可用于下面兩種場合:
    1. when 是連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“……的時(shí)候已是幾點(diǎn)鐘”。例如:
    It was eight o'clock in the morning when they went shopping.
    當(dāng)他們?nèi)ベI東西的時(shí)候已經(jīng)是上午 8 點(diǎn)了。
    2. when 是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)定語從句,它本身在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。例如:
    It was July 10, 1992, when he graduated from Nanjing University.
    他 1992 年 7 月 10 日畢業(yè)于南京大學(xué)。
    三 . It is / has been + 一段時(shí)間 +since 從句。例如:
    It is / has been three years since we saw each other last time.
    我們上一次見面是在 3 年前。
    It is four years since I became a student.
    我上了 4 年學(xué)了。
    (注意:狀語從句中常用短暫性動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)作謂語動(dòng)詞)
    “ It was + 一段時(shí)間 +since 從句”結(jié)構(gòu)??衫斫鉃椋簭母h(yuǎn)的過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn),延續(xù)了一段時(shí)間直至過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),從句中用過去完成時(shí)作謂語。例如:
    It was two years since he had left here.
    他離開這兒有兩年了。
    注意: since 從句里的謂語動(dòng)詞是瞬間動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示這段時(shí)間從該動(dòng)作開始時(shí)算起; since 從句里的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性 / 表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí),則表示這段時(shí)間從動(dòng)作結(jié)束時(shí)算起。例如:
    It's five years since he lived here.
    他離開這兒有 5 年了。( live 為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)
    It's ten years since he joined the army.
    他參軍已有 10 年了。( join 為瞬間動(dòng)詞)
    四 . It is + 一段時(shí)間 +before+ 從句。在該句式中, before 引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語從句。這樣的從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間。例如:
    It will be hours before he arrives at the bus stop.
    他到車站得好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。
    It was not five hours before Tom left for Shanghai.
    不到五個(gè)小時(shí)湯姆就去上海了。
    注意:常出現(xiàn)在 before 前面的詞或短語有: long, not long, years, months, days, hours, minutes 等。其肯定式表示“過多久……就 / 才……”,否定式表示“不久……就 / 才……”。
    五 . It is / was / will be + the first / second …… time + that 從句。該句式意為“這 / 那是第幾次做……”。注意:如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí),則從句謂語動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如果主句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí),則從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)為過去完成時(shí)。例如:
    It is the second time that I have been late for school.
    這是我第二次上學(xué)遲到了。
    It was the third time that I had been to Shanghai.
    那是我第三次去上海了。
    六 . 形式主語 it 可在下列情況下用來代替動(dòng)詞不定式:
    1. It is + adj. ( +for sb. / sth. ) +to do sth. 常用于此句式的形容詞有: easy, hard, difficult, possible, impossible, important, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising 等。例如:
    It is easy for you to find the house.
    你很容易找到那座房子。
    2. It is +n. ( +for sb. / sth. ) + to do sth. 常用于此句式的名詞有: pity, shame, pleasure, one's duty, one's job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners 等。例如:
    It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.
    年輕人占有老年人的專用座位是不禮貌的。
    3. It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 此句式中的形容詞主要用來描述某人的品德、特征。常用于該句式的形容詞有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever 等。例如:
    How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!
    你放棄如此好的機(jī)會(huì)是多么的愚蠢呀!
    4. It is up to sb. to do sth. 表示“……應(yīng)由某人……”。例如:
    It's up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.
    是否接受這項(xiàng)工作由你來決定。
    七 . 形式主語 it 可用來代替作真正主語的動(dòng)名詞短語。具體句式有:
    It is + adj. / n. + doing sth. 常用于此句式中的形容詞和名詞有: no / little use, no / much good, useless 等。例如:
    It is no use saying any more about it.
    這種事情說得再多也沒用。
    八 . 形式主語 it 可用來代替作真正主語的名詞性從句。具體句式為:
    1. it 作形式主語,真正的主語是后面 that 引導(dǎo)的從句。例如:
    It is said that Doctor Li has been sent to Guangdong to fight against SARS.
    據(jù)說李醫(yī)生已被派往廣東去抗非典了。
    注意:有時(shí)因?yàn)橹骶渲兄^語動(dòng)詞或表語形容詞的需要,通常在 that 從句中用“( should ) + 動(dòng)詞原形”作謂語動(dòng)詞。例如:
    ( 1 ) It is suggested that we ( should ) get there on time.
    有人建議我們應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那兒。
    ( 2 ) It is important that we ( should ) study English.
    對(duì)于我們來說學(xué)習(xí)英語是很重要的。
    2. it 作形式主語,真正的主語是后面 wh- 詞引導(dǎo)的從句。例如:
    It was clear enough what he meant.
    他的意思相當(dāng)清楚。
    It is not very important whether he will come or not.
    他是否來并不重要。(注意:此句中的 whether 不可用 if 來代替)。
    九 . “ It is ……”用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中。具體結(jié)構(gòu)為:
    It is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 +that / who 從句。要注意:強(qiáng)調(diào)作主語用的人時(shí)可以用 who 或 that ,其它情況下一律用 that .被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分通常是主語、賓語、時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語。例如:
    It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning.
    今天早晨,是我兄弟把球藏在床下的。
    It is I who / that am to go and look after the old man.
    是我自己要去照料那位老人的。
    It was Jack and Mary who / that met with a funny-looking man yesterday.
    昨天杰克和瑪麗遇見一個(gè)外表上長得很可笑的男人。
    注意:
    《高中英語語法-“ It is……”句式歸納之一》由留學(xué)英語組編輯整理(www.liuxue86.com)