初三英語(yǔ)統(tǒng)一學(xué)業(yè)考試中的第五大題是通過多項(xiàng)選擇，來考核學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)所掌握的情況和程度。學(xué)生在分析、判斷所選詞語(yǔ)的正誤時(shí)，不但要從語(yǔ)法角度去考慮，而且要從整句邏輯、習(xí)慣說法、詞語(yǔ)不重復(fù)、用語(yǔ)須禮貌等各個(gè)方面去審視。這樣，才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失誤。
這一大題需要注意的是：在掌握英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的一般規(guī)律之外，還需要注意英語(yǔ)各個(gè)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)的特殊規(guī)律。在英語(yǔ)中，有許多語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)與詞語(yǔ)搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的，因此，不能像數(shù)學(xué)公式那樣去生搬硬套。對(duì)于某些有特殊規(guī)律的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)點(diǎn)，學(xué)生一定要在平時(shí)加強(qiáng)注意和不斷積累，在這方面是沒有捷徑可行的。此外，在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)還要防止只重語(yǔ)感、不諳其意的片面傾向。
一. 冠詞:
冠詞用在名詞的前面，有定冠詞“the”與不定冠詞“a；an”之分。定冠詞表示“確指”，譯作“這(那)個(gè)”；不定冠詞表示“泛指”，譯作“一個(gè)”。
例題解析:
( ) _____ lady over there is _____ university teacher.
A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the
“over there”意為“那邊的”，是后置定語(yǔ)，它表示前面名詞“lady”（女士）是“確指”的說法，因此要加上定冠詞“the”。后半句意為“一位大學(xué)教師”，是泛指的說法，因此要加上不定冠詞“a”或“an”。由于“university”的讀音起始于輔音“j”，因此要加定冠詞“a”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。
( ) He prefers playing _____ piano to playing _____ hockey.
A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the
“piano”意為“鋼琴”，屬于樂器，要求前面加定冠詞“the”。后半句中“hockey”意為“曲棍球”，屬于球類活動(dòng)，要求不加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。
( ) Mr. Black was made _____ manager of our company.
A) / B) a C) an D) the
“manager”表示被選的職位，前面不應(yīng)加任何冠詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。
此外，冠詞還有許多特殊的用法：
1. 由普通名詞組成的專有名詞前，要加定冠詞，如：the Great Wall（長(zhǎng)城）
2. 在拼音名詞前，一般不加任何冠詞，如：Thomas Green；Changfeng Park
3. 在江、河、湖、海前，即使是拼音名詞，也要加定冠詞“the”，如：the Dongting Lake
4. 一般用“單數(shù)名詞加‘a’；復(fù)數(shù)名詞不加‘the’”來表示“泛指”的意思。
習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：
Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):
( ) 1. There is _____ “u” in _____ word “uniform.”.
A) an, a B) an, the C) a, a D) a, the
( ) 2. _____ sign here stands for _____ mistake.
A) A, a B) A, the C) The, a D) The, the
( ) 3. We made Joyce _____ monitor ____ her experience.
A) a, because B) the, because C) / , because of D) the , because of
( ) 4.Two months ago Mr. Green wrote ____ article on Shanghai International Art Festival.
A) the B) an C) a D) /
( ) 5. Q: Is Mr. White _____ teacher of your school? A: Yes. _____ teacher is from Australia.
A) a, A B) a, The C) the, The D) the, A
( ) 6. Paul is _____ European student. He likes to study _____ history of China.
A) a, the B) a, / C) an, the D) an, /
( ) 7. This is _____ honey. As we all know, _____ honey is sweet.
A) / , the B) / , / C) the, / D) the, the
( ) 8. They didn't catch the last train because of _____.
A) some heavy traffics B) any heavy traffic
C) heavy traffic D) a heavy traffic
( ) 9. It won't take long, it's only _____ walk.
A) ten-minutes B) ten minutes' C) ten minutes D) ten-minute's
二.名詞:
名詞表示人或物體的名稱，有普通名詞(park)、專有名詞(Peter；Party)、集合名詞(family, class, police)、縮寫名詞(SARS, CEO, WTO)……等?？傮w上說，它們可以分成兩大類；即可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。要注意它們?cè)诰渲械牟煌蠛妥兓?BR> 例題解析:
( ) His grandfather is _____.
A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green
英語(yǔ)中，人的姓名排列是倒過來的；先是名，即“first name”，后為姓，即“second name”，也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做這類題目，必須先搞清楚哪個(gè)單詞是表示名字，哪個(gè)單詞是表示姓氏，名字還要分清男女性別。這道題中說的是“爺爺”，是男名，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。
( ) _____ are playing tennis in the playground.
A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D) Brown's
英語(yǔ)中，姓氏前加定冠詞“the”，后面加“s”，有“一家人”之意。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。
( ) Be careful. There is a _____ hole in the ground.
A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep
這道題目考的是復(fù)合形容詞。在復(fù)合形容詞中的名詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式，在整個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞中的各個(gè)單詞都要用短橫“–”來連接。由于它被看作為一個(gè)普通的形容詞，因此，在可數(shù)名詞前還要再加上冠詞。此句中，“一個(gè)兩英尺深的洞”應(yīng)譯為“a two-foot-deep hole”，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。
( ) He’s got bad toothache. He’d better go to _____.
A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentist’s D) see the dentists
“去看牙科醫(yī)生”可譯為“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentist’s”。后一個(gè)詞語(yǔ)中的“the dentist’s”表示“the dentist’s clinic”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。
( ) The _____ teachers wondered if the _____ students were in trouble.
A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys
英語(yǔ)中，“女教師們”應(yīng)該譯為“women teachers”，而“男學(xué)生們” 應(yīng)該譯為“boy students”。 所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。
( ) _____ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores.
A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words
“據(jù)說”在英語(yǔ)中有多種說法：“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。
( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _____.
A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own
“catch one’s eye”是固定詞組，意為“引起某人注意”；即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中，“eye”是“視線”之意，由“eyesight”演變而來。隨著語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展，一些詞語(yǔ)會(huì)產(chǎn)生演變，大致上都是朝“簡(jiǎn)單化”方向發(fā)展，如：“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、 “campsite”→“camp”、“in the daytime”→“in the day”……等。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。
( ) The lady with long _____ found her husband had already got three gray _____.
A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair
要掌握英語(yǔ)中哪些是可數(shù)名詞，哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。但是有些名詞具有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)兩種性質(zhì)，要靠具體說法來判別。如這道題中的“hair”（頭發(fā)）就是這類詞。前半句說的是“一頭長(zhǎng)發(fā)”，是不可數(shù)名詞；后半句說的是“三根白發(fā)”，是可數(shù)名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。
習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：
Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):
( ) 1. He has got _____ to tell you.
A) a good news B) some news C) a lot news D) many news
( ) 2. It’s seven o’clock. _____ are sitting at table.
A) Mr. Greens B) The Green's C) The Greens D) Greens
( ) 3. Your brother is the same ______ mine.
A) old as B) age as C) old like D) age like
( ) 4. Our bodies need food to give us ______.
A) health B) strong C) energy D) taste
( ) 5. A lemon is the same ______ as a banana.
A) yellow B) colour C) fresh D) sweet
( ) 6. What kind of ______ do you like best?
A) watermelon B) the watermelon C) a watermelon D) watermelons
( ) 7. Look at this magazine. Let’s do the ______ about eating habits.
A) quiz B) list C) cooking D) dinner
三.代詞:
代詞是名詞的代用詞，有指示代詞(this, those)、人稱代詞主賓格(I, me)、形容詞性物主代詞(my)、名詞性物主代詞(mine)、反身代詞(myself)、不定代詞(either, others, anything, nobody)。其中，不定代詞的變化最復(fù)雜。在不同的句子中，它們的變化和要求都不一樣，這一點(diǎn)我們一定要有充分的認(rèn)識(shí)，不能掉以輕心。
例題解析:
( ) Would you please give _____?
A) him it B) it him C) to him it D) it to him
英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)（人）與間接賓語(yǔ)（物）都用人稱代詞時(shí)，一定要先講間接賓語(yǔ)（物）后講直接賓語(yǔ)（人），而且要在直接賓語(yǔ)（人）前加上介詞“to”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。
( ) She always thinks of _____ more than _____.
A) others, her B) the others, she C) others, herself D) the others, herself
在英語(yǔ)中，“別人”屬于“泛指”，應(yīng)譯為“others”。后半句是介詞“of”的賓語(yǔ)。由于這里的“她”與主語(yǔ)的“她”是屬于同一個(gè)人，因此不能用人稱代詞賓格作賓語(yǔ)，要用反身代詞作賓語(yǔ)才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。
( ) Some people like watching the sports news, _____ prefer TV series.
A) the others B) the other C) others D) another
在英語(yǔ)中，“一些……，另一些……”有兩種譯法：“Some …, the others …”是屬于“非此即彼”的兩部分情況，而“Some …, others …”是指有第三部分的情況存在。本題意為“一部分人喜歡看體育消息，而另一部分人比較欣賞電視劇”，顯然還有其他人喜歡其他的內(nèi)容，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。
( ) The light in the room was too poor for _____ to see it clearly.
A) everyone B) someone C) anyone D) none
英語(yǔ)中，“too … to”意為“太……而不能”，具有否定的含義。因此，“for sb.”中應(yīng)該選運(yùn)用在否定句中的“anyone”才對(duì)。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“C”。
( ) _____ the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.
A) Some B) Much C) The most of D) Most of
帶有定冠詞“the”的名詞前，應(yīng)該用代詞詞組：“some of”（意為“其中一些”）、“much of”（意為“其中許多”）、“most of”（意為“其中大多數(shù)”）……等。“the mose of”（意為“其中最多的”）在本句中的譯法欠妥，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。
( ) Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? I’m afraid _____ day is possible
A) either B) each C) both D) neither
在英語(yǔ)中，有“兩者”和“三者以上”的不同詞語(yǔ)說法：“both”意為“兩者都”、“all”意為“三者以上都”、“neither”意為“兩者都不”、“none”或“no one”意為“三者以上都不”、“either”意為“兩者之一”、“one”意為“三者以上之一”、“between”意為“兩者之間”、“among”意為“三者以上之間”。根據(jù)本題句意，答句應(yīng)該是說“我恐怕沒有一天能行”，所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。
( ) There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, _____ two are downstairs.
A) other B) the other C) others D) the others
在英語(yǔ)中，“另兩個(gè)”的譯法有多種：“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中講到三間浴室，“另兩間”的說法應(yīng)該是“確指”的，因此，必須有定冠詞“the”。又由于后句已經(jīng)寫了“two”，因此這里要選作形容詞用的“other”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。
( ) The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _____ on Table Two.
A) that B) those C) dishes D) /
要注意所比較的兩個(gè)對(duì)象具有對(duì)稱性：這句是“the dishes on Table One”（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on Table Two”（二桌上的菜）作比較，因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”與“those”是比較級(jí)句中的專用代詞。由于該句中所比較的對(duì)象是復(fù)數(shù)，因此，要用“those”來代替前面的名詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“B”。
( ) There are more people in this room than _____ in that one.
A) that B) those C) people D) /
要注意在“There is …”或“There are …”的比較級(jí)句型中，習(xí)慣上不用上題所講到的專用代詞。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。
習(xí)題訓(xùn)練：
Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):
( ) 1. Show your watch ______ me. ______ is slow.
A) to, Mine B) to, My C) for, Mine D) for, My
( ) 2. ______ do you like ______, the summer holidays or the winter holidays?
A) What, better B) What, best C) Which, better D) Which, best
( ) 3. She wrote a letter and enclosed a photo of _____ taken in her housing estate.
A) herself B) her C) her’s D) myself
( ) 4. She told Jack, Tom and me to _____ among _____.
A) talk it over, us B) talk over it, us
C) talk it over, ourselves D) talk over it, ourselves
( ) 5. I’ll do it by myself. I won’t need _____ help.
A) anyone’s else B) anyone else’s C) anyone others’ D) other anyone’s
( ) 6. I heard _____ until my friend told me about it.
A) everything B) something C) nothing D) anything
( ) 7. Would you like _____ more bread, Jack?
A) any B) another C) little D) a little
( ) 8. Only one student got the right answer. But _____ didn’t.
A) the other B) another C) others D) the rest
( ) 9. He doesn't think _____ of them will go there with you.
A) none B) some C) many D) much
( )10. The film is dull and _____ people like it.
A) a few B) few C) a little D) little
( )11. Have you all _____?
A) got ready everything B) got everything ready for
C) got everything ready D) got ready for everything
( )12. Help _____ to some sweets, everyone.
A) yourselves B) your own C) yourself D) by yourself
( )13. He has six uncles. Five of them are doctors and _____ is a driver.
A) another B) the sixth C) other D) the other
( )14. Believe or not, I did it all by _______.
A) me B) us C) myself D) ourselves
( )15. A: Are these two books yours ? B: No, _____ of them is mine.
A) either B) none C) both D) neither
( )16. Neither of the twins _____ the toy train.
A) like B) likes C) is like D) are like
四.數(shù)詞:
數(shù)詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞之分：基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量概念；序數(shù)詞表示順序概念。首先要注意一些數(shù)詞在寫法上的變化，如：forty；ninth；twentieth更要注意它們?cè)诰渥又械牟煌梅ê妥兓?BR> 例題解析:
( ) About _____ students went to the picture show that day.
A) hundreds of B) two hundreds C) two hundred of D) two hundred
“about”意為“大約”，是指具體數(shù)量，因此，不能用表示不定數(shù)量的詞語(yǔ)“hundreds of”（意為“成百個(gè)”）。在表示確定數(shù)量時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中的“hundred”不加“s”，即不變復(fù)數(shù)。再由于“students”前沒有定冠詞“the”，不是“其中”之意，因此，也不能加介詞“of”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“D”。
( ) _____ of _____ Class Four students have joined the singing group.
A) Three-fifths, the B) Three-fifth, the C) Three-fifths, / D) Three-fifth, /
英語(yǔ)中，“幾分之幾”的表達(dá)方式是分子用基數(shù)詞、分母用序數(shù)詞，中間用短橫“–”連接。當(dāng)分子大于“一”時(shí)，分母序數(shù)詞要加“s”。再由于本題句中數(shù)量用的是“of”詞組，即意為“其中的五分之三”，因此后面的名詞“students”必定是“確指”的，要加定冠詞“the”。所以本題答案應(yīng)該選“A”。在這里要特別注意的是：不要看到“students”前有修飾詞“Class Four”就不敢加定冠詞“the”，要懂得這里的“the”是修飾“students”的。同樣，“the English language”詞語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式也類似于此種情況。
習(xí)題訓(xùn)練:
Choose the best answer (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?，用A、B、C或D表示，填入空格內(nèi)):
( ) 1.John has twelve coins and Joan has _____ ones, three times as many as John.
A) thirteen B) fifteen C) thirty-six D) forty-eight
( ) 2.The post code used in our neighbourhood is _____.
A) 56348574 B) 200333 C) a quarter D) a dozen
( ) 3.Today is her brother’s birthday. _____ is on _____.
A) She, fifth of May B) She, May fifth C) Hers, May fifth D) Hers, May the fifth
( ) 4. _____ of the students go to school by bike.
A) Two-three B) Two-thirds C) Two-threes D) Two-third
( ) 5.There are about _____ seats in the hall.
A) two hundreds B) two hundred C) hundreds of D) two hundred of
( ) 6. A: How often should we publish the paper? B: _____.
A) In one week’s time B) Once a month C) After two weeks D) For half a month
( ) 7. About _____ the students went to the Science Museum last Thursday.
A) hundreds of B) two hundred C) two hundred of D) two hundreds