2011年12月06日 03時(shí)48分,《英語(yǔ)資源網(wǎng):2011年6月份英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)備考:篇章詞匯[1]》由出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)liuxue86.com英語(yǔ)編輯整理.
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)、英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試備考:篇章詞匯
語(yǔ)篇的銜接
分析語(yǔ)篇的銜接手段有助于我們準(zhǔn)確把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu),加強(qiáng)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇連貫性、一致性和邏輯聯(lián)系的理解和認(rèn)識(shí),從而透徹理解全篇內(nèi)容。語(yǔ)篇的銜接手段分析如下:
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1.語(yǔ)法手段
(1)照應(yīng):指使話語(yǔ)中某一實(shí)體的所指在文本中得以確定的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。它是一些起信號(hào)作用的詞匯,其語(yǔ)義必須從該詞語(yǔ)所指的對(duì)象中尋找答案。
照應(yīng)分為人稱(chēng)照應(yīng)、指示照應(yīng)和比較照應(yīng)。比較照應(yīng)通過(guò)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)等形式以及其他一些有比較意義的詞語(yǔ)(same`identical`such`equal`different`otherwise等)表示照應(yīng)關(guān)系。
(2)替代:通過(guò)用某一詞替代前面句中出現(xiàn)的名詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))或小句來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的銜接關(guān)系。替代有名詞替代、動(dòng)詞替代和小句替代。
(3)省略:指把語(yǔ)篇中某些成分省去不提。省略使上下句在語(yǔ)義上建立一種相互依賴關(guān)系,使語(yǔ)篇緊湊,被省略的成分能從上下文中找到。省略可分為名詞省略、動(dòng)詞省略和小句省略。
(4)連接:指連接成分憑借其自身的意義使語(yǔ)篇建立句子間的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系。Halliday和Hasan把連接分為添加(in addition等)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果和時(shí)間。
2.詞匯手段
指語(yǔ)篇中使用一些相互之間存在意義聯(lián)系的詞語(yǔ),從而建立一個(gè)貫穿語(yǔ)篇的語(yǔ)義鏈,保證語(yǔ)篇的連貫性。詞匯手段分為重復(fù)、同義/反義、上下義和詞匯搭配。此處的搭配指一般意義上句子中同一結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的詞語(yǔ)搭配(如動(dòng)詞與名詞、形容詞與名詞等),習(xí)慣性共現(xiàn)類(lèi)型的搭配(如hair與comb,sky與 sunshine等)。
Passage 12
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade union s and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personne
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)、英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試備考:篇章詞匯
語(yǔ)篇的銜接
分析語(yǔ)篇的銜接手段有助于我們準(zhǔn)確把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu),加強(qiáng)對(duì)語(yǔ)篇連貫性、一致性和邏輯聯(lián)系的理解和認(rèn)識(shí),從而透徹理解全篇內(nèi)容。語(yǔ)篇的銜接手段分析如下:
編輯推薦
2011英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試聽(tīng)力高效復(fù)習(xí)技巧策略
2011年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試閱讀理解做題程序分析
2011年英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試免費(fèi)短信提醒
1.語(yǔ)法手段
(1)照應(yīng):指使話語(yǔ)中某一實(shí)體的所指在文本中得以確定的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。它是一些起信號(hào)作用的詞匯,其語(yǔ)義必須從該詞語(yǔ)所指的對(duì)象中尋找答案。
照應(yīng)分為人稱(chēng)照應(yīng)、指示照應(yīng)和比較照應(yīng)。比較照應(yīng)通過(guò)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)等形式以及其他一些有比較意義的詞語(yǔ)(same`identical`such`equal`different`otherwise等)表示照應(yīng)關(guān)系。
(2)替代:通過(guò)用某一詞替代前面句中出現(xiàn)的名詞(短語(yǔ))、動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))或小句來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的銜接關(guān)系。替代有名詞替代、動(dòng)詞替代和小句替代。
(3)省略:指把語(yǔ)篇中某些成分省去不提。省略使上下句在語(yǔ)義上建立一種相互依賴關(guān)系,使語(yǔ)篇緊湊,被省略的成分能從上下文中找到。省略可分為名詞省略、動(dòng)詞省略和小句省略。
(4)連接:指連接成分憑借其自身的意義使語(yǔ)篇建立句子間的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系。Halliday和Hasan把連接分為添加(in addition等)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果和時(shí)間。
2.詞匯手段
指語(yǔ)篇中使用一些相互之間存在意義聯(lián)系的詞語(yǔ),從而建立一個(gè)貫穿語(yǔ)篇的語(yǔ)義鏈,保證語(yǔ)篇的連貫性。詞匯手段分為重復(fù)、同義/反義、上下義和詞匯搭配。此處的搭配指一般意義上句子中同一結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的詞語(yǔ)搭配(如動(dòng)詞與名詞、形容詞與名詞等),習(xí)慣性共現(xiàn)類(lèi)型的搭配(如hair與comb,sky與 sunshine等)。
Passage 12
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade union s and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personne