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GRE政治類閱讀France, Africa and terrorism
France, Africa and terrorism——An African journey
法國(guó)，非洲和恐怖主義：非洲之行
The French government has new African worries in the Sahel
法國(guó)政府對(duì)薩赫勒地區(qū)憂心忡忡
It is a rite of passage for every new French president to head to French-speaking Africa and reaffirm faith in la Francophonie. So it was with Francois Hollande, who has just visited Senegaland the Democratic Republic of Congo. Like his predecessor, Nicolas Sarkozy, he said “francafrique”—the cosy post-colonial ties of party financing, arms, contracts and influence—was over and that human rights were paramount. He praised the shared use of French, “language of liberty”. But behind the warm words lie grimmer concerns, the biggest being the entrenchment of terror networks in the al-Qaeda-held Sahel.
每個(gè)新上任的法國(guó)總統(tǒng)都要經(jīng)歷這樣一個(gè)儀式：走訪非洲講法語(yǔ)的國(guó)家，并重申其對(duì)法語(yǔ)區(qū)的忠誠(chéng)。法國(guó)總統(tǒng)弗朗索瓦·奧朗德剛剛訪問(wèn)了塞內(nèi)加爾和剛果民主共和國(guó)。和前任總統(tǒng)尼科拉·薩科奇一樣，他強(qiáng)調(diào)“法蘭西非洲”——這個(gè)包含政府融資、武器輸送、契約協(xié)定、施加影響在內(nèi)的”親密“的后殖民關(guān)系——將不復(fù)存在，人權(quán)才是至高無(wú)上的。他對(duì)共同使用法語(yǔ)的做法大加贊賞，稱之為“語(yǔ)言自由”。但是在這一番溫暖人心的話語(yǔ)背后卻隱藏著深切的擔(dān)憂，尤其是針對(duì)薩赫勒地區(qū)的基地組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)的防衛(wèi)工事。
Islamist fighters tied to al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) have ruled a big swathe of northern Mali since March, dividing the country in two. In the far north extreme sharia law is being applied. Mr Hollande spoke in Senegal of “a reign of terror” in Mali, with “hands cut off, women raped and an area awash with weapons”. There are also two French hostages in Mali, whose families the president has just met in Paris, as well as four in Niger.
3月份以來(lái)，伊斯蘭北非基地組織的武裝分子們已經(jīng)控制了馬里北部的大部分地區(qū)，馬里被分成了兩片，其遙遠(yuǎn)的北部開(kāi)始施行極端伊斯蘭教法。在塞內(nèi)加爾，奧朗德怒斥其為“恐怖統(tǒng)治”馬里，“人質(zhì)雙手被砍斷，婦女被奸淫和機(jī)槍掃蕩了整個(gè)地區(qū)。”還有2個(gè)法國(guó)人質(zhì)被困在馬里，奧朗德總統(tǒng)剛在巴黎會(huì)見(jiàn)了他們的家人，除此之外，尼日爾也有4名受困人質(zhì)。
Despite France’s reluctance to play post-colonial gendarme, Mr. Hollande is starting to sound tougher on Mali. During his African trip, he tried to rally regional leaders to the cause. Manuel Valls, the interior minister, visited Algeria to narrow differences. France drafted a UN Security Council resolution, unanimously adopted on October 12th, that authorizes the dispatch of an African force to retake rebel-held territory in Mali. Jean-Yves Le Drian, the French defense minister, says such a force could be ready “within weeks”.
盡管法國(guó)不愿意扮演后殖民憲兵的角色，但是奧朗德先生已經(jīng)對(duì)馬里問(wèn)題發(fā)表了嚴(yán)正聲明。在這次非洲之旅中，他試圖號(hào)召地區(qū)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人加入這項(xiàng)事業(yè)。法國(guó)內(nèi)政部長(zhǎng)曼紐爾·瓦爾斯拜訪了阿爾及利亞以試圖縮小分歧。法國(guó)起草了一份聯(lián)合國(guó)安理會(huì)決議，批準(zhǔn)派遣一支駐非洲軍隊(duì)以重新奪回反動(dòng)派在馬里控制的地區(qū)，該決議受到一致通過(guò)，并于10月12日施行。法國(guó)國(guó)防部長(zhǎng)讓一伊夫·勒德里昂表示“幾周之內(nèi)”就能組建好一支駐非隊(duì)伍。
Yet his enthusiasm may be overdone. The plan is that a force would be made up of troops from Mali and other countries in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).But, even if willing ones can be lined up, regional forces do not have the capacity to mount an offensive operation without logistical and intelligence support. The French are ready to contribute, but have ruled out sending in ground troops. Although the European Union says it will send trainers under an EU flag, the Americans are reluctant to get involved.
然而，他信誓旦旦的表態(tài)似乎有些夸張了。他們?cè)?jì)劃由馬里和其他西非國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)體國(guó)家的軍隊(duì)組成一支軍事力量。但是，即使這些有意愿的國(guó)家可以組成一支隊(duì)伍，但是地方軍隊(duì)在沒(méi)有后勤和情報(bào)支持的情況下卻不能發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊行動(dòng)。法國(guó)已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了付諸行動(dòng)，但是卻不會(huì)派遣地面部隊(duì)。盡管歐盟表示他們會(huì)在歐盟的旗幟下派遣訓(xùn)練員，美國(guó)卻不愿意卷入其中。
France’s anxiety is that, if nothing is done, the Sahel might become a crucible for Islamist terrorism. “What makes people very nervous is the idea that it will become Africa’s Afghanistan,” says Francois Heisbourg of the Foundation for Strategic Research, a think-tank. France, with its colonial history and commercial ties, is an obvious target. One Malian Islamist group has explicitly threatened Mr. Hollande since his push for military action, and said that French hostages are in GREater danger.
法國(guó)擔(dān)心的是，如果不采取行動(dòng)，薩赫勒地區(qū)可能會(huì)成為伊斯蘭恐怖主義的聚集地。“最讓民眾所擔(dān)憂的是馬里可能會(huì)變成非洲的阿富汗，”戰(zhàn)略研究基金會(huì)的研究員弗朗索瓦·海斯伯格說(shuō)道。擁有殖民歷史和貿(mào)易關(guān)系的法國(guó)很顯然會(huì)成為恐怖分子襲擊目標(biāo)。一支駐馬里的伊斯蘭組織已經(jīng)對(duì)奧朗德推進(jìn)軍事行動(dòng)的行為發(fā)表了明確的威脅，宣傳法國(guó)人質(zhì)將會(huì)更加危險(xiǎn)。
As it is, France is already fretting about terrorist threats. Although there is no direct link to AQIM, French police dismantled an Islamist cell in France earlier this month, arresting 12suspects and shooting one dead. Two were wanted in connection with an attack on a kosher grocer in a Paris suburb last month, which rattled France’s big Jewish population. Seven have been charged with terrorist offences.
事實(shí)上，法國(guó)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始擔(dān)心恐怖主義威脅。本月初，法國(guó)警方搗毀了位于法國(guó)的一個(gè)伊斯蘭組織，抓捕了12個(gè)嫌疑人，并擊斃了一人，雖然他們與伊斯蘭北非基地組織并沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系。還有兩個(gè)嫌犯正在被通緝，他們與上個(gè)月巴黎郊區(qū)發(fā)生的一起襲擊猶太食品雜貨店的案件有關(guān)，這使法國(guó)猶太群體人心惶惶。其中七個(gè)人以恐怖襲擊罪被起訴。
Francois Molins, the Paris public prosecutor, called the cell “extremely dangerous”. Some suspects were French converts to Islam. The threat is “increasingly coming from within”, Mr. Valls told the Senate, adding that radicalization can take a matter of months. The country was shocked earlier this year when seven people, including three Jewish children and a rabbi, were shot dead in Toulouse by a French Islamist who claimed to have been trained by al-Qaeda. The surveillance of radicals has been stepped up. Mr Valls is putting a law before parliament to give the police new powers to pursue French nationals abroad suspected of links to terrorism or of attending foreign training camps. With or without a French-backed operation in Mali, France is on high alert.
法國(guó)公共檢察官弗朗索瓦·莫林斯聲稱這個(gè)組織“非常危險(xiǎn)”，一些嫌疑人是皈依伊斯蘭教的法國(guó)人。“越來(lái)越多的威脅來(lái)自我們的內(nèi)部”，瓦爾斯先生通告參議院，并強(qiáng)調(diào)極端主義可能會(huì)持續(xù)幾個(gè)月。今年年初，圖爾茲發(fā)生的慘案令法國(guó)震驚，包括三名猶太小孩和一名法師在內(nèi)的七個(gè)公民被擊斃。兇手是法國(guó)伊斯蘭教主義者，他聲稱受到基地組織的訓(xùn)練。法國(guó)已經(jīng)加強(qiáng)了對(duì)激進(jìn)分子的監(jiān)控。瓦爾斯先生正在向議會(huì)提交一部法律，該法律將賦予警方追蹤可能與恐怖主義有聯(lián)系的或參加外國(guó)訓(xùn)練營(yíng)的在外法國(guó)公民的新權(quán)力。不管法國(guó)有沒(méi)有插手馬里的運(yùn)動(dòng)，他們都將處于高級(jí)戒備狀態(tài)。
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