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寫作用意題
這類題是針對文章某些內容的作用進行的提問,也就是題干中問到的這個具體事物在文章中出現(xiàn)時作者的用意是什么?所有的GRE文章都是議論文,作者提到具體的事物大體上有幾種關系:支持、證明、解釋或反對某觀點,也就是說具體的事物總是和觀點發(fā)生聯(lián)系的。通常情況,給定行數(shù)題和寫作用意題是混合出現(xiàn)的。
下面我們看一個例子:
In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ……
One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social group (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. ……
……
The author mentions Le Roy Ladurie (Line 30)in order to _____
(A) give an example of a historian who has made one kind of use of court records
(B) cite a historian who has based case histories on the birth, marriage, and death records of the non-elite
(C) identify the author of the quotation cited in the previous sentence
(D) gain authoritative support for the view that the case history approach is the most fruitful approach to court records
(E) point out the first historian to realize the value of court records in illuminating the beliefs and values of the non-elite
分析:
這道題就屬于典型的寫作用意型, 同時又給出了指定的行數(shù)。Le Roy Ladurie 出現(xiàn)在文章的第二段,題目中已經明確給出行數(shù)(Line 30), 這樣,通過這個信息,我們可以迅速的回到原文找到相關信息。Le Roy Ladurie很明顯是作者舉的一個例子,但是舉這個例子的作用是什么?這個問題就要結合這段的內容去分析,這段的開頭說“One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts”,根據(jù)這句話我們可以知道,Le Roy Ladurie的出現(xiàn)應該是研究法庭記錄的一個例子。所以,這道題正確選項是A. 當然,選項如果寫成 illustrate that these documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor” 也是可以的。
需要注意的是,像這類寫作用意題,它的答案選項第一個主動詞并不具有判別意義,不管是illustrate, 還是give an example, 還是verify,還是別的類似的詞匯,都是平等同義詞,不需要過多的關注。
上一篇介紹了細節(jié)題中的給定行數(shù)題和寫作用意題,這里主要介紹一下另一種常見的題型——強對比取非題。
這類題的主要特點是,原文中有強對比的雙方,題干只問及其中的一方,但是原文沒有給出關于這方的敘述,而說了這方的強對比另一方的特征,所以答案卻是對另一方敘述的取非。強對比關系層次比較多,例如,處于不同時間、歷史時期、年代的事物通常其特點呈強對比;處于相對的地域、空間的事物通常其特點呈強對比;新事物、新觀點和舊事物、傳統(tǒng)觀點呈強對比;用最高級、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同類事物的特征呈強對比等。針對這類題目,在第一篇讀文章的時候及時敏銳地發(fā)現(xiàn)它們并在文中做好標記,為解題時回到文中定位做好充分地準備。這些強對比出現(xiàn)地地方,通常會伴隨著一些表示這類強對比關系的標志性詞語,如unlike, in contrast to, be distinguished from, used to, new, current, once, until recently, only, unique, never……
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