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寫作用意題
這類題是針對(duì)文章某些內(nèi)容的作用進(jìn)行的提問，也就是題干中問到的這個(gè)具體事物在文章中出現(xiàn)時(shí)作者的用意是什么?所有的GRE文章都是議論文，作者提到具體的事物大體上有幾種關(guān)系：支持、證明、解釋或反對(duì)某觀點(diǎn)，也就是說具體的事物總是和觀點(diǎn)發(fā)生聯(lián)系的。通常情況，給定行數(shù)題和寫作用意題是混合出現(xiàn)的。
下面我們看一個(gè)例子：
In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ……
One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social group (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. ……
……
The author mentions Le Roy Ladurie (Line 30)in order to _____
(A) give an example of a historian who has made one kind of use of court records
(B) cite a historian who has based case histories on the birth, marriage, and death records of the non-elite
(C) identify the author of the quotation cited in the previous sentence
(D) gain authoritative support for the view that the case history approach is the most fruitful approach to court records
(E) point out the first historian to realize the value of court records in illuminating the beliefs and values of the non-elite
分析：
這道題就屬于典型的寫作用意型, 同時(shí)又給出了指定的行數(shù)。Le Roy Ladurie 出現(xiàn)在文章的第二段，題目中已經(jīng)明確給出行數(shù)(Line 30), 這樣，通過這個(gè)信息，我們可以迅速的回到原文找到相關(guān)信息。Le Roy Ladurie很明顯是作者舉的一個(gè)例子，但是舉這個(gè)例子的作用是什么?這個(gè)問題就要結(jié)合這段的內(nèi)容去分析，這段的開頭說“One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts”，根據(jù)這句話我們可以知道，Le Roy Ladurie的出現(xiàn)應(yīng)該是研究法庭記錄的一個(gè)例子。所以，這道題正確選項(xiàng)是A. 當(dāng)然，選項(xiàng)如果寫成 illustrate that these documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor” 也是可以的。
需要注意的是，像這類寫作用意題，它的答案選項(xiàng)第一個(gè)主動(dòng)詞并不具有判別意義，不管是illustrate, 還是give an example, 還是verify，還是別的類似的詞匯，都是平等同義詞，不需要過多的關(guān)注。
上一篇介紹了細(xì)節(jié)題中的給定行數(shù)題和寫作用意題，這里主要介紹一下另一種常見的題型——強(qiáng)對(duì)比取非題。
這類題的主要特點(diǎn)是，原文中有強(qiáng)對(duì)比的雙方，題干只問及其中的一方，但是原文沒有給出關(guān)于這方的敘述，而說了這方的強(qiáng)對(duì)比另一方的特征，所以答案卻是對(duì)另一方敘述的取非。強(qiáng)對(duì)比關(guān)系層次比較多，例如，處于不同時(shí)間、歷史時(shí)期、年代的事物通常其特點(diǎn)呈強(qiáng)對(duì)比;處于相對(duì)的地域、空間的事物通常其特點(diǎn)呈強(qiáng)對(duì)比;新事物、新觀點(diǎn)和舊事物、傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)呈強(qiáng)對(duì)比;用最高級(jí)、唯一性限定的事物和其余所有同類事物的特征呈強(qiáng)對(duì)比等。針對(duì)這類題目，在第一篇讀文章的時(shí)候及時(shí)敏銳地發(fā)現(xiàn)它們并在文中做好標(biāo)記，為解題時(shí)回到文中定位做好充分地準(zhǔn)備。這些強(qiáng)對(duì)比出現(xiàn)地地方，通常會(huì)伴隨著一些表示這類強(qiáng)對(duì)比關(guān)系的標(biāo)志性詞語，如unlike, in contrast to, be distinguished from, used to, new, current, once, until recently, only, unique, never……
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