GRE難句解讀 請A類閱讀欲達7分者認真研讀，其味雋永。注意要先不讀懂意思只分析其主干，然后在結(jié)構(gòu)把握好的情況下去理解，以鍛煉迅速讀懂難句的能力。
本文僅為難句訓練法的片斷，為避免對練習方法出現(xiàn)錯誤理解，建議購買楊鵬老師的正式出版物《GRE&GMAT閱讀難句教程》以獲得正確和完全的理解。
1.That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the numberof descendants an individual will have and hence the number of genecopies transmitted.
那種性別比例能在最大程度上增加一個個體所能擁有的后代數(shù)量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所傳遞到后代身上去的基因復制品的數(shù)量。
2.Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to controlthe comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from hisunwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無能，無法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動的穿梭往來;另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機活力和風險性強的創(chuàng)作沖動。
3.Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions inwriting Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，sinceit highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different fromthe traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned withexamining states of reverie and vision and with following theintricate pathways of individual consciousness.
弗吉尼亞。伍爾夫(Virginia Woolf)在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》(Mrs.Dalloway)時有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學評論家們所忽略，因為它突出反映了她諸多文學興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對“詩性”小說家(poeticnovelist)所形成的傳統(tǒng)見解大相徑庭。所謂的“詩性”小說家，所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢幻的諸般狀態(tài)，并致力于追尋個體意識的通幽曲徑。
4.Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，heshows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantationswhere sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.
雖然古特曼承認，由于奴隸買賣而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛——在那些奴隸買賣并不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來——在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制(monogamy)。
5.Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Blackfamily encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial insustaining-the Black heritage of folklore，music，and religiousexpression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves werecontinually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說、音樂、及宗教表達在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產(chǎn)方面也起著至關(guān)重要的作用，而對于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。
6.This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derivedfrom West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differedfrom one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibitionagainst union s with close kin.
古特曼表示，這種對于外部通婚的偏愛很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，盡管這些規(guī)定在一個和另一個部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對近親聯(lián)姻(union with close kin)的禁止。
7.His thesis works relatively well when applied to discriminationagainst Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racialprejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a groupgenerally accepted as a race in any given region of ethniccompetition，” can be interpreted as also including hostility towardsuch ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews inmedieval Europe.
該社會學家的命題當被應用于針對美國黑人的歧視時，相對而言尚能適用，但他對種族偏見所下的定義——即“以種族為基礎的、針對某個群體的消級的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區(qū)則被普遍認作一種族”——可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。
8. Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed，excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nervecells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlationwith the manifold dimensions of mental experience.??
9.Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was neverrigidly disproved，the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of theopposing view，namely，that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous inquality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervoussystem. Other experiments revealed slight variations in thesize，number， arrangement，and interconnection of the nerve cells，but asfar as psychoneural correlations were concerned，the obvioussimilarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much moreremarkable than any of the minute differences. Although someexperiments show that，as an object becomes familiar，itsinternal representation becomes more holistic and the recognitionprocess correspondingly more parallel，the weight of evidence seems tosupport the serial hypothesis， at least for objects that are notnotably simple and familiar.
雖然某些實驗表明，隨著一個物體變得熟悉起來，其內(nèi)心再現(xiàn)圖像亦更具整體感，辨認過程相應地更趨于平行，但證據(jù)的砝碼似乎在支持序列假設(serial hypothesis)，至少是對于那些不甚簡單、不甚熟悉的物體來說。
10.In large part as a consequence of the feministmovement，historians have focused a great deal of attention in recentyears on determining more accurately the status of women in variousperiods.
在很大程度上，由于女權(quán)主義運動(feminist movement)的緣故，史學家近年來匯聚了大量的注意力，來更為準確地確定婦女在各個歷史時期的地位。
11.Thus，for instance，it may come as a shock to mathematicians tolearn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not aliterally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation toa somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magneticdipole，and relativistic effects;and that this corrected equation isitself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantumfield-theoretical equations.
因此，舉例來說，對數(shù)學家而言，了解到下述情形可能會令其驚愕不已，即薛定諤(Schrodinger)的氫原子方程式并非是對該原子作出的一種絕然正確的描述，而僅僅是個近似值，趨近于一個在某種程度上更為正確的將自旋、磁性偶極子、以及相對論效應考慮在內(nèi)的方程式;而這個得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個不完美的近似值，趨近于無窮無盡的一整套量子場論方程式。
12.The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument thatis convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if theassumptions on which it is based are slightly changed，whereas anargument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable undersmall perturbations of its underlying assumptions.
物理學家恐懼于那些精確無誤的論據(jù)不無道理，因為某種只有在它是精確無誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù)，一旦它賴于建立其上的假設稍有變化，便會失去它一部的作用;而與此相反，一個盡管并不精確無誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)，在其基本假設(underlyingassumption)稍微受干擾的情況下，仍然有可能是站得住腳的。
13.However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came toregard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of femalesolidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from oneanother by the primacy each held in her own salon.
起初，藍襪女們確實模仿了法國沙龍女主人，將男性襄括到其小圈子中來。然則，隨著她們獲得的凝聚力，她們漸趨將自己視作一女性團體，并擁有了一種婦女團結(jié)意識，而這種意識在法國沙龍女主人身上則蕩然無存，因為她們每個人在其自己的沙龍中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開來。
14.As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasinglyimpressed with the functional similarities between insect andvertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences thatseem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them.
隨著我的研究不斷深入，我對昆蟲和脊椎動物群落之間的功能類似性印象愈來愈深刻，而對結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異印象愈發(fā)淡漠，雖然這些結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異初看上去似乎構(gòu)成了二者間一條無法愈越的鴻溝。
15. Although fiction assuredly springs from politicalcircumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways otherthan ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily asinstruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.
雖然小說無疑起源于政治情狀，但其作者則是以非意識形態(tài)的方式對這些政治情狀作出反應的，而將小說和故事主要地當作意識形態(tài)的工具來探討，會在相當程度上阻礙小說事業(yè)。
16.Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of aesthetic?
這究竟是一種缺陷呢，或者是否表明，這些作者是在按照一種與眾不同的美學體系進行創(chuàng)作，抑或是在試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學體系?
17.Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to ourattention in the process some fascinating and little-known works likeJames Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex- Colored Man.
《黑人小說》考察了極為廣泛的一系列小說，在此過程中讓我們注意到了某些引人入勝但卻鮮為人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韋爾登。約翰遜(James WeldonJohnson)的《一個曾經(jīng)是有色人的自傳》(Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man)。
18.Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths，where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to passthrough，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissionsradiated from the Earth's surface，radiation that would otherwise betransmitted back into space.
雖然這些分子允許可見波長(visiblewavelength)的輻射——陽光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透，但它們卻會吸收某些較長波長(longer-wavelength)，亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射(infrared cmission)，這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會被重新輸送回太空。
19.The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not ofdictating the details of human behavior but one of imposingconstraints-ways of feeling，thinking，and acting that “come naturally”in archetypal situations in any culture.
這些人類學家所歸諸于生物進化的作用，不是規(guī)定人類行為的種種細節(jié)，而是將各種限制強加于人類——即在任何文化的典型情景中都會“自然表露”的情感、思維、以及行動方式。
20.A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number ofgrazers suggested，but did not prove， that the grazers had removed mostof the algae.
在存在大量食草動物的同時卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊，這暗示出——但沒能證明——食草動物已吞噬了大部分水藻。
21.Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community graz-ingrates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species inthe laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for fieldconditions using the known population density of grazers.
由哈格雷夫(Hargrave)和吉恩(Geen)所進行的研究，對自然條件下的群落食草比例進行了估計，其手段是通過測量出實驗室內(nèi)單獨的浮游動物種類的結(jié)食比例，然后利用已知的食草動物種群密度，計算出實地狀況下的群落食草比例。
22.In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in thelate spring and in the summer， Haney recorded maximum daily com-munitygrazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production.
在浮游動物數(shù)量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼記錄了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，對于營養(yǎng)物不充足的湖和沼澤湖而言，分別為每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.
23.The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is thecomplete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning asatmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form asprecipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finallyagain returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means ofevaporation and transpiration.
水文循環(huán)(hydrologiccycle)，作為該學科中的一個主要課題，指的是水所經(jīng)過的諸現(xiàn)象的整個循環(huán)過程，開始時是作為大氣中的水蒸氣，轉(zhuǎn)而作為雨、雪、露、雹一類的降水量經(jīng)過液體和固體形態(tài)，由此而沿著地層表面分布或進入地層表面，最終通過蒸發(fā)和散發(fā)作用再度回復到大氣水蒸氣的形態(tài)。
24.The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that theagrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the UnitedStates since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of theinternal frontier——that is，the depletion of available new land neededfor further expansion of the American farming system.
史學家弗雷德里克。杰。特納(FrederickJ.Turner)于十九世紀九十年代著述道，美國約自18世紀70年代以來一直在持續(xù)不斷發(fā)展的農(nóng)民不滿，由于國內(nèi)邊遠地區(qū)(internalfrontier)的封閉而更趨加劇——亦即是說，美國農(nóng)業(yè)系統(tǒng)進一步擴展所必需的可資利用的新土地幾近耗竭。
25.In the early 1950's，historians who studied preindustrial Europe(which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to1800) began， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate moreof the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent whocomprised the political and social elite：thekings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates who hadhitherto usually filled history books.
二十世紀五十年代早期，研究前工業(yè)化時代歐洲(此處我們可將其界定為約自1300年至1800年這一時期的歐洲)的史學家，首次以眾多的人數(shù)，開始調(diào)查前工業(yè)化時代歐洲人口中的大多數(shù)，而非那些構(gòu)成了政治與社會精英階層的百分之二或三的人口，即國王、將軍、法官、貴族、主教、以及地方上的達官顯貴，而正是這部分人一直到那時為止普遍充斥于史學著作。
26.Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents toextract case histories， which have illuminated the attitudes ofdifferent social groups (these attitudes include，but are not confinedto，attitudes toward crime and the law)and have revealed how theauthorities administered justice.
象勒羅伊。拉迪里(Le Roy Ladurie)一類的史學家利用這些文獻史料從中挖掘出某些個案史(case history)來，闡明了不同社會群體的態(tài)度(這些態(tài)度包括，但并非局限于，對犯罪和法律的態(tài)度)，并揭示出當局是如何執(zhí)行審判的。
27.My point is that its central consciousness-its profoundunderstanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people'slives-owes much to that earlier literary heritage，a heritage that，ingeneral，has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literarycritics.
我的論點是，其作品的中心意識——它將階級和性別作為人們生活的決定性影響而作出的深邃理解——在很大程度上借鑒了那個早期的文學遺產(chǎn)，而這一遺產(chǎn)就總體而言還尚未獲得大多數(shù)當代文學評論家的足夠重視。
28.But achieving necessary matches in physical properties acrossinterfaces between living and nonliving matter requires knowledge ofwhich molecules control the bonding of cells to each other-an area thatwe have not yet explored thoroughly.
但是，要想沿著原生和非原生物質(zhì)之間的界面獲取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某種知識，即什么樣的分子控制著細胞彼此間的結(jié)合——而對這一領域，我們尚未進行充分的探索。
29.Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms oflaw-notwithstanding，of course，a considerable and inevitable number ofcoincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter andpositive enactments are concerned-that its study is indispensable inorder to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legalphenomena.
伊斯蘭法是一種如此不同于所有其它法律形式的現(xiàn)象——毋庸置疑，盡管就其主要內(nèi)容和有積極意義的法規(guī)而言，與其它法律形式中的這種或那種形式存在著相當數(shù)量的且不可避免的巧合相似之處——以致于對它進行研究便顯得不可或缺，以便充分理解有可能存在的法律現(xiàn)象的全部范圍。
30.Though historically there is a discernible break between Jewishlaw of the sovereign state of ancient Israel and of the Diaspora (thedispersion of Jewish people after the conquest of Israel)， the spiritof the legal matter in later parts of the Old Testament is very closeto that of the Talmud， one of the primary codifications of Jewish lawin the Diaspora.
盡管從歷史角度來看，在古代以色列作為獨立主權(quán)國家的猶太教法與大流散時期(Diaspora，即以色列被征服后古代猶太人被巴比倫人逐出故土)的猶太教法之間存在著一個明晰可辨的斷裂，然則，《舊約全書》(OldTestament)后半部分中法律內(nèi)容的精神與《猶太教法典》(Talmud)極為一脈相承，而所謂的《猶太教法典》，是指大流散時期猶太教法的主要典籍輯錄之一。
31.Islam，on the other hand，represented a radical breakaway fromthe Arab paganism that preceded it;Islamic law is the result of anexamination from a religious angle，of legal subject matter that wasfar from uniform，comprising as it did the various components of thelaws of pre-Islamic Arabia and numerous legal elements taken over fromthe non-Arab peoples of the conquered territories.
另一方面，伊斯蘭教則代表著與此前存在的阿拉伯異教(Arabpaganism)的一種根本上的決裂;伊斯蘭法是從宗教的角度，對各種雜亂無章、絕無共同點的法律內(nèi)容進行考察所致的結(jié)果，而這些法律內(nèi)容實際上是由前伊斯蘭阿拉伯國家(Pre-Islamic Arabia)法律的不盡相同的組成部分以及由從被征服的土地上非阿拉伯民族借鑒過來的無數(shù)法律因素所構(gòu)成。
32.One such novel idea is that of inserting into the chromosomesof plants discrete genes that are not a part of the plants' naturalconstitution：specifically，the idea of inserting into nonleguminousplants the genes，if they can be identified and isolated，that fit theleguminous plants to be hosts for nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Hence，theintensified research on legumes.
這其中的一個新穎思想就是，在植物的染色體(chromosome)內(nèi)注入并非是該植物自然構(gòu)造一個部分的那些不相關(guān)聯(lián)的因基：具體而言，這一思想是，在非豆科植物內(nèi)注入這樣一些基因，倘若這些基因可被辨識出來并被分離開來，而這些基因業(yè)已使豆科植物宜于充當那些具備固氮作用的細菌的寄主。由此，對豆科植物的研究日趨深入。
33.It is one of nature's great ironies that the availability ofnitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit on plant growtheven though the plants' leaves are bathed in a sea of nitrogengas.下述情形真可謂是自然界的一個莫大諷刺：土壤中所能獲得的氮肥量往往對植物的生長構(gòu)成了一個上限，雖然植物的葉子被沐浴在一片氮氣的海洋中。
34.Unless they succeed，the yield gains of the Green Revolutionwill be largely lost even if the genes in legumes that equip thoseplants to enter into a symbiosis with nitrogen fixers are identifiedand isolated，and even if the transfer of those gene complexes，once theyare found， becomes possible.
除非他們能取得成功，不然的話，綠色革命的產(chǎn)量收益將在很大程度上損失殆盡，即使豆科植物中使這些植物有條件進入到與固氮細菌共生關(guān)系的基因可被辨識出來和分離開來的話，且即使這些基因綜合體(gene complex)，一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，其移植得以成為可能的話。
35.Its subject(to use Maynard Mack'scategories)is “life-as-spectacle，” for readers， diverted by itsvarious incidents，observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without;thetragic Iliad，however，presents “life-as-experience”：readers are asked toidentify with the mind of Achilles，whose motivations render him a notparticularly likable hero.
其主題〔若借鑒梅納德。邁克(MaynardMack)的兩個分類范疇的話〕是“人生作為外部景象”，因為讀者的注意力被作品那形形色色的事件所分散，主要是從外部來觀察其主人公奧德修斯(Odyssus)的;然而，富于悲劇色彩的《伊利亞特》所表現(xiàn)的則是“人生作為內(nèi)心體驗”：讀者被要求與阿基琉斯(Achilles)的心靈產(chǎn)生共鳴，而其行為動機卻致使他變作一個并非特別惹人喜愛的主人公。
36.Most striking among the many asymmetries evident in an adultflatfish is eye placement： before maturity one eye migrates，so that inan adult flatfish both eyes are on the same side of the head.
在一條成年比目魚身上顯著存在的諸多不對稱(asymmetry)特征中，最為吸人注目的是眼睛的擺位：在成年之前，一只眼睛發(fā)生移動，因此在成年比目魚身上，兩只眼睛均位于頭部的同一側(cè)面。
37.The best evidence for the layered-mantle thesis is thewell-established fact that volcanic rocks found on oceanicislands，islands believed to result from mantle plumes arising from thelower mantle，are composed of material fundamentally different from thatof the midocean ridge system， whose source，most geologists contend，isthe upper mantle.
對于地幔分層論點來說，最好的證據(jù)乃這樣一個確認的事實，即在那些海洋島嶼——這些島嶼據(jù)信是源于由下層地幔升上來的地幔柱狀溶巖流(mantleplume)——上發(fā)現(xiàn)的火山巖石，是由與海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)根本不同的物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，而這一海洋中部山脊系統(tǒng)的成因，大多數(shù)地質(zhì)學家論辯道，為上部地幔。
38.Some geologists，however，on the basis of observations concerningmantle xenoliths， argue that the mantle is not layered，but thatheterogeneity is created by fluids rich in “incompatible elements”(elements tending toward liquid rather than solid state)percolatingupward and transforming portions of the uppermantle irregularly，according to the vagaries of the fluids' pathways.
但是，某些地質(zhì)學家，以對地幔捕虜巖體(xenolith)所作的觀察為依據(jù)，指出地幔并非是分層排列的，相反，地幔的異質(zhì)性是由那些富含“不相容成分”的流質(zhì)構(gòu)成的，這些成分趨向于流體而非固體的狀態(tài)，自下而上滲透擴散，并依照這些流質(zhì)流向的任意性，不規(guī)則地將上部地幔的某些部分予以改變。
39.The very richness and complexity of the meaningful relationshipsthat kept presenting and rearranging themselves on all levels，fromabstract intelligence to profound dreamy feelings， made it difficultfor Proust to set them out coherently.
各種有意義的聯(lián)系在所有的層次上，自抽象的理性至深刻的夢幻般的情感，層出不窮并不斷重新組合排列;正是這些有意義的聯(lián)系的豐富性和復雜性，致使普魯斯特難于將它們錯落有致地安排好。
40.It is possible to make specific complementary DNA's(cDNA's)that can serve as molecular probes to seek out the messengerRNA's (mRNA's)of the peptide hormones. If brain cells are making thehormones，the cells will contain these Mrna'S. If the products the braincells make resemble the hormones but are not identical to them，then thecDNA's should still bind to these mRNA's，but should not bind astightly as they would to mRNA's for the true hormones.
科學家可以制造出特異的(specific)互補DNA's(cDNA's)，以此作為分子探子(molecularprobe)，探覓出肽激素的信使RNA's(mRNA's)。如果大腦正在制造著肽激素，則細胞就會含有這些信使RNA's.假若細胞所制造的產(chǎn)品類似于肽激素但并非與這些肽激素全然相同，那么，互補cDNA's應仍然和這些信使mDNA's粘結(jié)的程度。含有這些mRNA's的腦細胞然后就可以被分離開來，研究者可對其信使RNA's 進行解碼，以確定它們的蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品究竟是什么，并確定這些蛋白質(zhì)產(chǎn)品在何種程度上類似于真正的肽激素。
41.The molecular approach to detecting peptide hormones using cDNAprobes should also be much faster than the immunological method becauseit can take years of tedious purifications to isolate peptide hormonesand then develop antiserums to them.
采用cDNA探子來測定肽激素的這一分子生物學方法同時也應該比免疫學的方法速度來得快，因為對于免疫的方法來說，需耗費好幾年枯燥的提純進程，方能將肽素分離了出來，然后再培養(yǎng)出針對它們的抗血清。
42.This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits andevents not directly related to glacial and interglacialperiods，rather than on the more usual modern method of studyingbiological remains found in interglacial beds themselvesinterstratified within glacial deposits.
這一序列演替(succession)所依據(jù)的，主要是一系列與冰川期和間冰期并不直接相關(guān)的地質(zhì)沉積物和地質(zhì)事件，而不是依據(jù)更為普遍的現(xiàn)代方法，去研究間冰層(interglacialbed)中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的生物殘留物，而這些間冰層本身又在冰川沉積物發(fā)生間層化(interstatified)。
43.There have been attempts to explain these taboos in terms ofinappropriate social relationships either between those who areinvolved and those who are not simultaneously involved in thesatisfaction of a bodily need，or between those already satiatedand those who appear to be shamelessly gorging.
人們試圖對這些禁忌作出解釋，所依據(jù)的要么是那些正置身于某一身體需要滿足的人與那些并置身于某一身體需要之滿足的人之間的，要么是那些早已酒足飯飽的人與那些正在不知羞恥地狼吞虎咽失之間的不相稱的社會關(guān)系。
44.Many critics of Family Bronte's novel Wuthering Heights see itssecond part as a counterpoint that comments on，if it does notreverse，the first part，where a “romantic” reading receives moreconfirmation.
研究艾米麗。勃朗特(Emily Bronte)小說《呼嘯山莊》(WutheringHeights)的許多文學評論家，將小說的第二部分視作一種對比物，即使沒有將第一部分予以逆轉(zhuǎn)的話，也是在對第一部分作出一種詮釋評判，而在小說第一部分中，一種“浪漫的”的讀解能獲得更為充分的確證。
45.Granted that the presence of these elements need not arguean authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that ofHenry James， their presence does(15) encourage attempts to unify thenovel's heterogeneous parts.
誠然，這些因素的存在并不能證明作者對小說架構(gòu)的意識可與亨利。詹姆斯(Henry James)的那種意識相比擬;然則，任何力圖將小說所有形形色色的因素統(tǒng)一起來的做法，在某種程度上注定是無法令人信服的。
46.This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffensinto a thesis(although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of anynovel is always a danger)，but because Wuthering Heights hasrecalcitrant elements of undeniable power that，ultimately，resistinclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation.
這倒不是因為這樣的一種解釋必定會僵化成為一個命題(盡管對這部或任何一部小說的解釋中，僵化死板總是一種危險)，而是因為《呼嘯山莊》擁有一些極難駕御的因素，以其無可辯駁的力度，最終拒絕被囿于一個囊括無遺的解釋中。
47.The isotopic composition of lead often varies from one sourceof common copper ore to another，with variations exceeding themeasurement error;and preliminary studies indicate virtually uniformis topic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source.
鉛的同位素構(gòu)成經(jīng)常在一種普通銅礦石來源與另一種銅礦石來源之間存在差異，其差異程度超出測量誤差;而最初的研究表明，對于來自單獨一個銅礦石來源的鉛來說，其同位素構(gòu)成幾乎是毫無二致的。
48. More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds.
更有可能的是鳥類運輸：或者是通過外部途徑，即由于種籽偶然粘附在羽毛上;或者是通過內(nèi)部方式，即由于鳥類吞食果子并隨后將種籽排泄出來。
49.It is not known how rare this resemblance is，or whether it is most often seen in inclusions of silicates such as garnet，whose crystallography is generally somewhat similar to that of diamond; but when present，the resemblance is regarded as compelling evidence that the diamonds and inclusions are truly cogenetic.
現(xiàn)在尚不知這種類似稀少到何種地步，也不知道是否它最常見于象石榴石一類的硅酸鹽內(nèi)含物中，而這類物質(zhì)的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)普遍地在某種程度上類似于金剛石的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。但一旦存在，這種類似就被視作極有說服力的證據(jù)，證明金剛石與內(nèi)含物確是同源的。
50.Even the “radical” critiques of this mainstream research model，such as the critique developed in Divided Society，attach the issue of ethnic assimilation too mechanically to factors of economic and social mobility and are thus unable to illuminate the cultural subordination of Puerto Ricans as a colonial minority.
即使是對這一主流研究模型的“激進”批評，諸如《分裂的社會》(Divided Society)一書中所提出的那種批判，亦將少數(shù)民族同化問題過分機構(gòu)地與經(jīng)濟和社會移動性的因素聯(lián)系起來，因此無從闡明波多黎各人作為一個殖民地少數(shù)民族的文化從屬關(guān)系。
51.They are called virtual particles in order to distinguish them from real particles，whose lifetimes are not constrained in the same way，and which can be detected.
它們被稱為“虛粒子”(virtual particle)，以便與實粒子(real particle)區(qū)分開來，而實粒子則不會以這種方式受到制約，并且其存在可得以測定。
52. Other theorists propose that the Moon was ripped out of the Earth’s rocky mantle by the Earth’s collision with another large celestial body after much of the Earth’s iron fell to its core.
其他的理論家提出，在地球的大部分鐵沉入到地核之后，由于地球與另一個龐大的天體發(fā)生碰撞，月亮便從地球那石質(zhì)的地幔中撕裂開來而形成的。
53.Thus，what in contrast to the Puritan colonies appears to Davis to bepeculiarly Southern- acquisitiveness，a strong interest in politics andthe law，and a tendency to cultivate metropolitan cultural models-wasnot only more typically English than the cultural patterns exhibitedby Puritan Massachusetts and Connecticut，but also almost certainlycharacteristic of most other early modern British colonies fromBarbados north to Rhode Island and New Hampshire. 因此，那些與(北方)清教殖民地形成鮮明對比、并在戴維斯教授的心目中顯得具有特殊南方色彩的特征——占有欲、對政治和法律的濃厚興趣、以及培養(yǎng)大都市文化模式的傾向——不僅僅要比清教的馬薩諸塞州和康乃涅克州所展現(xiàn)出來的文化模式更具有典型的英國色彩，并且?guī)缀鹾翢o疑問地構(gòu)成了絕大多數(shù)其它早期近代英國殖民地的特征，從巴巴多斯北至羅得島和新罕布什爾州。
54.A very specialized feeding adaptation in zooplankton is that ofthe tadpolelike appendicularian who lives in a walnut-sized (orsmaller) balloon of mucus equipped with filters that capture andconcentrate phytoplankton.
浮游動物體內(nèi)一種極特殊的進食適應性變化是蝌蚪狀的尾海鞘綱動物(appendicularian)的那種適應性變化，而尾海鞘綱動物則存活于核桃大小(或更小)的黏液球囊內(nèi)，裝備有過濾器，用以捕捉和集中浮游植物。
55.These historians，however，have analyzed less fully thedevelopment of specifically feminist ideas and activities during thesame period.
但是，這些史學家還不曾充分地分析同一時期中那些具體的女權(quán)主義思想和活動的發(fā)展。
56.When the core of a giant star whose mass surpasses 1.4 timesthe present mass of our Sun (M⊙)exhausts its nuclear fuel，it is unableto support its own weight and collapses into a tiny neutron star.
當一顆質(zhì)量超過我們的太陽目前質(zhì)量(M☉)1.4倍的巨星的內(nèi)核耗竭其核燃料時，它便無法支撐自身的重量，并收縮成為一顆小型中子星(neutron star)。
57.This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos ofinstitutional change oriented toward occupational equality and underthe federal sanction of equal pay for equal equal work.
即使武裝部隊是在一種趨向于職業(yè)平等的體制變革的精神下并在聯(lián)邦政府同工同酬的鼓勵下運作的，情況亦是如此。
58.Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they eveninduce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequenttransplants of other organs，such as skin，from that donor are acceptedpermanently.
但是，我們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在許多種老鼠之間，這些移植法的“常規(guī)”并沒有被肝臟移植物所遵循。肝臟移植物非但從沒遭到過排斥，甚至還誘發(fā)了一種供者特異性無應答狀態(tài)(donor-specificunresponsiveness)，在此狀態(tài)中，隨后來自那個供者其它器官的移植物，如皮膚，會永久地被接受。
59.While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the onepapyrus fragment raises the specter that another may beunearthed，showing，for instance，that it was a posthumous production ofthe Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles，and throwing the dateonce more into utter confusion.
數(shù)據(jù)資料已被統(tǒng)計出來，或被重新統(tǒng)計出來，以便證明在文體學這方面，《乞援衰女》實際上確實在《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》(后兩者現(xiàn)在則變成了“原始”的劇作)之后以及在軸殘片卻喚起了一種幽靈似的疑慮，即另一塊殘片有可能再度被挖掘出來，并證明，比如說，《乞援衰女》是作者藉以擊敗索?？死账沟摹哆_那特四部曲》的一部死后出版之作，從而將創(chuàng)作年代再度置于極度的混亂之中。
60.The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself comeinto being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that thatcommunity perceives as essential.
一個社會所創(chuàng)造出來藉以使其自身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以形成產(chǎn)生，以保存在這個社會看來具有本質(zhì)意義的文化遺產(chǎn)的各個方面。
61.Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to asthey are transported over long distances are enormous，windpollinatedplants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss ofpollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollenthat is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amountproduced by species pollinated by insects.
由于花粉粒在其長距離的運輸過程中所要面臨的潛在危險是巨大的，按上述觀點來看，由風授粉的植物補償了通過偶發(fā)事件而伴隨造成的花粉損失。其途徑是，制造出大于昆蟲授粉的植物種類所產(chǎn)生的花粉量的一至三個數(shù)量級的花粉量。
62.For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes onovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs ofconifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patternsthat spiral over the cone's surfaces，thereby passing airbornepollen from one scale to the next.
例如，帶有胚珠的松球的鱗苞綜合體的螺旋狀安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，對于氣流模式的形成與產(chǎn)生殊為重要，而這些氣流模式在松球的表現(xiàn)盤旋上升，從而把在空氣中飛行的花粉從一個鱗苞傳播至下一個鱗苞。
63.It was not the change in office technology，but rather the separationof secretarial work， previously seen as an apprenticeship forbeginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880's createda new class of “dead-end” jobs，thenceforth considered “women's work.”
十九世紀八十年代，產(chǎn)生了新的一類“沒前途”的職業(yè)，這并不是因為辦公室技術(shù)發(fā)生了改變，而是由于秘書工作——在此之前被視作是初起步的經(jīng)理們的一種習見訓練——與行政工作的分離。自此以后，這類“沒前途”的職業(yè)便被視作是“女人的工作。”
64.The increase in the numbers of married women employed outsidethe home in the twentieth century had less to do with themechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for thesewomen than it did with their own economic necessity and with highmarriage rates that shrank the available pool of single womenworkers，previously，in many cases，the only women employers would hire.
二十世紀已婚婦女在家庭以外就業(yè)的人數(shù)不斷增加，這與家務的機械化及這些婦女閑暇時間的增加并無多大聯(lián)系，更多地是與婦女自身的經(jīng)濟需要和高婚姻率相關(guān)。高婚姻率致使所能雇傭的單身女工的總量縮減，而在此之前的許多情形中，單身女性則是雇主們所愿雇傭的唯一-一類婦女。
65，In order to understand the nature of the ecologist'sinvestigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growthparameters as the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolateandinterpret，one that tends to make the population increase fromrelatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while thedensity-independent effects act to produce “noise” in the populationdynamics.
為了能理解生態(tài)學家們所從事的研究的性質(zhì)，我們可以把那些作用于增長參數(shù)的密度依賴效應視作生態(tài)學家們力圖將其分離并予以解釋的“信號”，正是這一信號傾向于使種群從相對較低的數(shù)值遞增，或從相對較高的數(shù)值遞減;而與此同時，那些密度獨立效應起到的作用則構(gòu)成了種群動態(tài)變化中的“噪音”。
66.But the play's complex view of Black self-esteem and humansolidarity as compatible is no more “contradictory” than Du Bois'famous，well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting withhuman unity，or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism that alsoaccommodates national identities and roles.
但該劇有關(guān)黑人自尊可與人類團結(jié)相融合這一復雜觀點，絲毫都不比杜波伊斯(DuBois)的理想或法儂(Fanon)的強調(diào)來得更為“矛盾”：杜波伊斯提出的著名的、深思熟慮的理想是，民族的自覺可以和人類大同共存;法儂則對理想的國際主義進行了強調(diào)，而這一理想的國際主義同樣也能兼容民族身份與角色。
67.In which of the following does the author of the passage reinforcehis criticism of responses such as Isaacs' to Raisin in the Sun?題干圈套
68.Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of earlytwentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker，theserecent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation.
作為二十世紀早期“進步派”史學家(如Beard和Becker)等人某些觀點的繼承者，這些近期的史學家所提出的觀點值得我們予以評價。
69.Despite these vague categories，one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed.
盡管存在這些模糊范疇，但我們不應該斷然聲稱，在各個易于辨認出的階層之間所存在的敵對態(tài)度就無法被合理地觀察到。
70.Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensusamong the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus withoutunderstanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed inorder to reach it.
然而，有些史學家強調(diào)在殖民者之間曾出現(xiàn)過一種普遍的一致意見。這些史學家如果不認識到各種矛盾的存在，就無法充分地理解這種一致意見，而所有那些矛盾只有在被克服或壓制之后才有可能獲得那種一致意見。
71.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would bemost likely to agree with which of the following statements regardingsocioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causesduring the American Revolutionary War?插入語多
72. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods andservices actually produced what manufactures and servicing tradesthought their customers wanted，only a study of relevant personaldocuments written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture ofwho wanted what.
盡管有可能從實際制造的商品和服務中可推知制造商和服務業(yè)認為他們的顧客所需要的是什么，但只有對由實際顧客撰寫的相關(guān)的個人文件進行一番研究，方能提供一幅精確的圖畫，藉以說明“什么樣的人”需要什么樣的東西。
73.Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or，moregenerally，the nature of human knowledge they believe，are basic humanquestions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as thenecessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation hasrested.
他們相信，諸如靈與肉的問題，或更普遍而言，人類知識的性質(zhì)等此類哲學關(guān)注，均是一些基本的人類問題，其探索性的哲學答案已構(gòu)成一個必要的基礎，其它所有的智力思辯均賴以建立其上。
74.The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy，”distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology andscience turns out， on close examination，to be of quite recent origin.
細作審視，我們便不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，一種被稱為“哲學”的獨立學科——既有別于神學和科學諸般學科，并高高在上地對其予以評判——的思想，其淵源卻是甚為近期的事。
75.But the recent discovery of detailed similarities in theskeletal structure of the flippers in all three groups undermines theattempt to explain away superficial resemblance as due toconvergent evolution-the independent development of similaritiesbetween unrelated groups in response to similar environmental pressures.
但是，最近在所有這三類動物身上，對鰭肢的骨骼結(jié)構(gòu)所存在的細致共同點的發(fā)現(xiàn)足以削弱這樣一種企圖，即把表面上的近似作為趨同進化所致的結(jié)果來將其解釋掉。而所謂的趨同進化(convergentevolution)，是指在互不相關(guān)的生物群體之間，作為對類似的環(huán)境壓力作出的反應，彼此獨立的發(fā)展形成某些相同特征。
76.Human genes contain too little information even to specifywhich hemisphere of the brain each of a human's 10'' neurons shouldoccupy，let alone the hundreds of connections that each neuron makes.
人類因基所包含的信息是如此之少，以致于就連去具體規(guī)定人類1011的神經(jīng)細胞中任意一個細胞應占據(jù)大腦的哪個半腦都無法做到，更不用提每個神經(jīng)細胞所會形成的數(shù)百種連接。
77.These questions are political in the sense that the debate overthem will inevitably be less an exploration of abstract matters in aspirit of disinterested inquiry than an academic power struggle inwhich the careers and professional fortunes of many women scholars-onlynow entering the academic profession in substantial numbers-will be atstake，and with them the chances for a distinctive contribution tohumanistic understanding，a contribution that might be an importantinfluence against sexism in our society.
這些問題之所以帶有政治性質(zhì)，因為可避免地，圍繞這些問題展開的急診與其說是一種在客觀冷靜科研精神指導下對抽象問題的探索，倒不如說是一種學術(shù)上的權(quán)力斗爭。在此斗爭中，許多女學者中——只是在現(xiàn)在才開始以眾多的人數(shù)進入學術(shù)界——的學術(shù)生涯和職業(yè)命運將處于存亡攸關(guān)的危急關(guān)頭，與她們相伴隨的是對人文理解作出一種獨特貢獻的機遇，這一貢獻則很有可能成為消除我們社會中所存在的性別主義的一股重要影響。
78.In experiments，an injection of cytoplasm from dextral eggs changesthe pattern of sinistral eggs，but an injection from sinistral eggs doesnot influence dextral eggs.
在實驗中，用取自右旋卵子的細胞質(zhì)進行的注射，可改變左旋卵子的模式;用取自左旋卵子的細胞質(zhì)進行的注射卻不能影響到右旋卵子。
79.Recently some scientists have concluded that meteorites foundon Earth and long believed to have a Martian origin might actually havebeen blasted free of Mars's gravity by the impact on Mars of othermeteorites.
最近，某些科學家得出結(jié)論認為，那些在地球上發(fā)現(xiàn)的并一直被相信源自火星的隕石(meteorite)，實際上有可能是由于其它的隕石撞擊火星而致使其被震離火星的重力作用范圍。
80.Under the force of this view，it was perhaps inevitable that theart of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as ofquestionable worth (because although it might be both a source ofpleasure and a means to urge people to right action，it might also be ameans to distort truth and a source of misguided action)to the statusof being wholly condemned.
在這種觀點的力量作用下，一件或許是不可避免的事情發(fā)生了：修辭藝術(shù)竟然從被視和具有讓人懷疑的價值這樣一種地位(因為盡管它有可能既構(gòu)成一種歪曲真理的手段和誤導行為的來源)轉(zhuǎn)變到徹底遭譴責的地位。
81.None of these translations to screen andstage，however，dramatize the anarchy at the conclusion of A ConnecticutYankee，which ends with the violent overthrow of Morgan's three-year-oldprogressive order and his return to the nineteenth century，where heapparently commits suicide after being labeled a lunatic for hisincoherent babblings about drawbridges and battlements.
然則，在所有這些被搬上銀幕和舞臺的改編作品中，沒有任何一部作品能生動地再現(xiàn)《康乃涅克州的美國佬》結(jié)尾處的無政府狀態(tài)。而在原作結(jié)尾處所描述的情節(jié)是，摩根歷時三年之久苦心經(jīng)營的進步事業(yè)被暴力推翻，他又重返于十九世紀，在由于他的那些有關(guān)吊橋和城垛的語無倫次的嘮叨而被列為瘋子之后，顯然自殺身亡。
82.Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models ofthe alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the experimentallydetermined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noblemetal together with a metalloid，such as alloys of palladium andsilicon，or alloys consisting of iron，phosphorus，and carbon，althoughsmall discrepancies remained.
以伯納爾所建立的旨在研究合金中金屬成分的那類模型為基礎，研究人員對合金密度進行了計算，這些計算相當程度上與某些合金測量中通過實驗確定的數(shù)據(jù)趨于一致，盡管一些細小的差異依然存在。實驗中測量的那類合金由一貴金屬和一準金屬構(gòu)成，例如，鈀和硅的合金，或由鐵、磷、和碳組成的合金。
83.It is now established that the Milky Way is far more extended and of much greater mass than was hitherto thought.
現(xiàn)在，這已成為一個不爭的事實：銀河系要比迄今為止所想象的要來得遠為浩瀚廣闊，并具有遠高得多的質(zhì)量。
84.And Walzer advocates as the means of eliminating this tyrannyand of restoring genuine equality “the abolition of the power of moneyoutside its sphere”
沃爾澤倡議，作為消除這種專制暴政和恢復真正平等的手段，應“廢除金錢在其范圍之外的作用。”
85.Is it not tyrannical，in Pascal's sense，to insist that those whoexcel in “sensitivity” or “the ability to express compassion” meritequal wealth with those who excel in qualities (such as “the capacityfor hard work”)essential in producing wealth?
如果堅持認為，那些擅長于“敏感”和“善于表達憐憫之心”的人，應獲取與那些擅長于在物質(zhì)財富創(chuàng)造過程中所不可或缺的品質(zhì)(諸如“勤奮工作的能力”)的人同等的物質(zhì)財富，這按帕斯卡爾的意思，難道就不也是專制暴政嗎?
86.Yet Waizer's argument，however deficient，does point to one ofthe most serious weak- nesses of capitalism-namely，that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who，no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards，often lackthose other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
然則，沃爾澤的論點，無論它不充分到何種地步，確實揭示了資本主義體制中最嚴重的一個弱點，即它將某一類人置于社會中的顯赫地位置，這類人無論以怎樣合法的方式獲得了其物質(zhì)報償，卻常常缺乏其它那些能喚起他人受戴和欽佩的品質(zhì)。
87. The appreciation of traditional oral American Indian literature hasbeen limited，hampered by poor translations and by the difficulty，evenin the rare culturally sensitive and aesthetically satisfyingtranslation，of completely conveying the original's versestructure，tone，andsyntax.對美國印第安人傳統(tǒng)口頭文學的欣賞，一直被質(zhì)量低劣的翻譯所限制和妨礙，并且即使是那種不可多得的既體現(xiàn)著文化敏感性，又在美學上令人滿意的譯作，也難以完全傳遞出原作的詩體結(jié)構(gòu)、語調(diào)和句法。
88.Mores， which embodied each culture's ideal principles forgoverning every citizen， were developed in the belief that thefoundation of a community lies in the cultivation of individual powersto be placed in service to the community.
“風俗習慣”，體現(xiàn)了每一文化制約每個公民的理想準則，它是在這種信仰中發(fā)展而來的，即一個社會的基礎在于個人能力的培養(yǎng)，并將這些個人能力置于對社會的服務之中。
89.Only in the case of the February Revolution do we lack a usefuldescription of participants that might characterize it in the light ofwhat social history has taught us about the process of revolutionarymobilization.
唯獨在二月革命(the February Revolution)這一情形中，我們?nèi)狈σ环N有用的有關(guān)參加者的描述，而這一描述則有可能按照社會歷史有關(guān)革命動員過程所教給我們的內(nèi)容來勾畫出這場革命的性質(zhì)。
90.Anthropologists and others are on much firmer ground when theyattempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribeor village than when they undertake the formidable task of discoveringthe norms that exist in a complex modern nation state composed of manydisparate groups.
當人類學家和其他人試圖去描述一個小規(guī)模的同一性質(zhì)(homogeneous)部落或村落的文化標準時，他們處在一種要堅實得多的基礎上。相對而言，當他們著手從事這樣一個艱巨的任務，即去揭示存在于一個復雜的、由許多彼此間毫無聯(lián)系的群體所構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)代單一民族的獨立國家(nation-state)時，他們就具備一個同樣堅實的基礎。
91.It has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literarycreativity that these Chicano writers，whose English language works aresometimes uninspired，developed the powerful and arresting language thatcharacterized their Spanish-language works.
因此，一般而言，正是通過對口頭文學創(chuàng)造性的強調(diào)，這些奇卡諾作家——其英語作品時常顯得缺乏靈感——才得以發(fā)展一種強有力的和富于吸引力的語言，并以此構(gòu)成了他們西班牙語作品的特征。
92.To measure them properly，monitoring equipment would have to belaid out on a grid at intervals of at most 50 kilometers，with sensorsat each grid point lowered deep in the ocean and kept there for manymonths.
為了恰當?shù)販y量它們，監(jiān)測設備必須被設置在一網(wǎng)絡上，彼此的間距最多為五十公里，位于每個網(wǎng)點的感應器沉放至海洋深處，并在許多個月中一直固定在那里。
93.This declaration，which was echoed in the text of the FourteenthAmendment，was designed primarily to counter the Supreme Court's rulingin Dred Scott v. Sandford that Black people in the United States couldbe denied citizenship.
這一在第十四條修正案的文本中被復述的宣言，主要是旨在對抗最高法院在“Dred Scott訴Sandford”一案中的判決，此判決裁定，在美國的黑人可被剝奪公民權(quán)。
94.The broad language of the amendment strongly suggests that itsframers were proposing to write into the Constitution not a laundrylist of specific civil rights but a principle of equal citizen- shipthat forbids organized society from treating any individual as a memberof an inferior class.
第十四條修正案的寬泛籠統(tǒng)的語言強烈地暗示，其制定者所意欲載入憲法的不是一張具體民法的細目清單，而是一種平等公民權(quán)的原則，這一原則禁止有組織的社會將任何一個個人作為劣等階層的成員來對待。
95.This doctrine has broadened the application of the FourteenthAmendment to other，nonracial forms of discrimination，for while somejustices have refused to find，any legislative classification otherthan race to be constitutionally disfavored，most have been receptive toarguments that at least some nonracial discriminations. sexualDiscrimination in particular， are “suspect” and deserve thisheightened scrutiny by the courts.
所謂“懷疑分類”，意指那種在有可能被理解成以種族為基礎，針對某一群體進行的歧視這一信條擴展了第十四條修正案的適用范圍，使其同樣也適用于其它的、非種族形式的歧視。因為雖然某些法官拒不將除種族以外的立法分類裁定為非法的，但絕大多數(shù)法官已經(jīng)接受了這樣一個論點，即至少某些非種族性質(zhì)的歧視，尤其是性別歧視，是“值得懷疑的”，并理應接受法庭這種更高程度上的審視。
96.Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundariesthat associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may theentire system properly be termed hydrogeologic.
只有當某一地質(zhì)系統(tǒng)擁有自然的或人工的界限，將該系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的水與水文循環(huán)起來，這整個系統(tǒng)方能被恰當?shù)胤Q為與水文地質(zhì)學相關(guān)。