托福閱讀共有十大考試題型，今天出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)為您介紹詞匯題、指代題和句子簡(jiǎn)化題，下文《托福閱讀題型簡(jiǎn)介（一）》由出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)托福頻道為您整理，歡迎您訪問出國(guó)留學(xué)網(wǎng)瀏覽更多考試資訊。
I 詞匯題 Vocabulary questions
在托福考試當(dāng)中，詞匯題的主要目的是考察考生能否識(shí)別詞匯在陌生語(yǔ)境中的含義。既然強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)境，那么通過識(shí)別生詞附近的語(yǔ)境含義，往往可以推測(cè)出生詞的含義。我們來看一道新托?？荚嚬俜街改仙系念}目：
Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.
6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to
· Explained
· Visible
· Identified
· Located
這道題目很多同學(xué)會(huì)選擇第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(locate：坐落于…)，將這個(gè)含義帶入到語(yǔ)句當(dāng)中，意思也通順，指Basilosaurus坐落于撒哈拉沙漠。但是這里需要注意的是，托福的詞匯題并不是選項(xiàng)帶入搭配合適就一定能找到正確答案，而是應(yīng)該從語(yǔ)境入手來選擇。正確的做法是，首先查看生詞附近有無并列，轉(zhuǎn)折等語(yǔ)境上的含義暗示。本句當(dāng)中，生詞的前方有“and”來暗示并列，而從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，前半句中的動(dòng)詞“found”，意思是“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，那么后半句的exposed對(duì)應(yīng)語(yǔ)境也應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)某物，即找到，或者看見某物。因此這道題目的正確答案選擇B(visible：可看見的)。
II指代題 Reference questions
指代題在托福考試中題量大約為0-2個(gè)，主要考察學(xué)生能否找到原文中代詞的指代對(duì)象。解決指代題最基本的原則為：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)與人稱一致，前指且符合句意。
It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.
5. The word it in the passage refers to
·Pakicetus
·Fish
·○Life
·ocean
本句代詞作主語(yǔ)，在結(jié)構(gòu)上指代上一句話主句中的名詞主語(yǔ)，即A選項(xiàng)的Pakicetus。也可以采用帶入的方法，將選項(xiàng)逐一帶入，符合搭配的只有A選項(xiàng)，其余選項(xiàng)，B fish 魚類，C life 生命，D ocean海洋，都無法“bred and gave birth，哺育后代”。
III 句子簡(jiǎn)化題 Sentence Simplification questions
句子簡(jiǎn)化題是新題型之一，在這里我們相信的講解一下。對(duì)于句子簡(jiǎn)化題，有一些題目如果句子不長(zhǎng)，我們做題的基本原則就是：同義替換。找到原句中的關(guān)鍵的詞在選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中進(jìn)行同義替換。例如，
In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart fromthe rest of the animal kingdom.
Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. Humans evolved as the most powerful species after they are developed language.
B. The creation of human language has its origins in the language of animals.
C. The emergence of language distinguished early humans from other animals.
D. Humans and animals developed completed different systems of communication.
先來看題干：Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
該題要求從選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)能夠表達(dá)原文陰影句子核心信息的句子。很多同學(xué)采用翻譯的方法做題，即首先翻譯原句，然后逐個(gè)翻譯四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。這種做法不僅浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，而且對(duì)我們的讀句子的能力要求極高。更好的做法是，首先判斷句子的核心信息。這是考題當(dāng)中為數(shù)不多的原句比較簡(jiǎn)單的句子釋義題，原句的核心概念在于強(qiáng)調(diào)區(qū)分(apart from)。因此找到同義替換，即是C項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的distinguished。但是大多數(shù)題目的原文不會(huì)是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，多數(shù)是帶有邏輯關(guān)系的復(fù)雜句。那么簡(jiǎn)單的同義替換技巧就無法操作了。如何快速解決這種題型呢?我們主要分兩個(gè)部分來解析。
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