托福閱讀 同義改寫題型怎么解答
首先,“同義改寫”會影響到“定位”的準(zhǔn)確與速度。新托福閱讀十類題型中的事實(shí)信息題、列舉排除題、推理題以及填表題都涉及到了原文定位的問題。定位的準(zhǔn)確與速度也是影響閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)的一個重要因素。定位的時候,首先確定大區(qū)間,也就是題干中給我們具體的指示“According to paragraph X" ,"In paragraph X" 定位具體的段落,或是根據(jù)“閱讀文章行文順序與行文順序基本一致”的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行大區(qū)間的定位;下一步就是確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞。
但是,回原文中定位的時候,有時并不一定可以找到一模一樣的“關(guān)鍵詞”,因?yàn)橥懈i喿x在定位時往往會設(shè)置一個同義改寫。比如例一這道事實(shí)信息題,我們首先定位到了第三段,然后尋找題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“Whig Party’s view of the role of government?(Whig 政黨關(guān)于政府職能的觀點(diǎn))”,但是定位時,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中所對應(yīng)的出處是"The government’s responsibility was to....。.(政府的職責(zé)是..。.)" 也就是說你不能期待定位時一定會從原文中找到一模一樣的“關(guān)鍵詞”,這個定位過程中很有可能出現(xiàn)同義改寫的狀況。
其次,定位完成后,選項(xiàng)部分可能又會進(jìn)行一個同義改寫。比如例一原文中的“to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability”所對應(yīng)的正確選項(xiàng)換了個說法,被改寫成了“To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit”。所以在選擇選項(xiàng)的時候,你也不能期待選項(xiàng)一定是原文中一模一樣的表達(dá)。
同義改寫的設(shè)置不僅僅是在托福閱讀中,聽力中也涉及到了同樣的問題,也就是說正確的選項(xiàng)并不一定是你所到的原詞原句,基本上都會設(shè)置同義改寫來確定你是否真的聽懂了。例二的同義改寫現(xiàn)象請同學(xué)們自己做出分析。
例一:According to paragraph 3,which of the following describes the Whig Party’s view of the role of government?
A.To regulate the continuing conflict
B.To restrict the changes brought about by the market
C.To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit
D.To reduce the emphasis on economic development
Paragraph 3 : Whigs,on the other hand,were more comfortable with the market.For them,commerce and economic development agents of civilization.Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other.Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity.The government’s responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability。
例二:According to paragraph 3, the loss of natural vegetation has which of the following consequences for soil?
A.Increased stony content
B.Reduced water absorption
C.Increased numbers of spaces in the soil
D.Reduced water runoff
Paragraph 3: Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established。
【更多托福閱讀信息請點(diǎn)擊出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)相關(guān)鏈接】
托福閱讀考試的文章結(jié)構(gòu)
傳統(tǒng)的文法翻譯法教學(xué)已經(jīng)在新托福完全不能用了,因?yàn)樾峦懈i喿x文章變兩倍長,而且ETS在官方指南清楚地寫明:“同學(xué)要能有略讀文章了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力“而且閱讀十大題型中,有一半是考對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯理解。這也正是,同學(xué)到美國求學(xué)必需具備的 reading skimming能力。
而這教學(xué)法是採用美國最新的整合式教學(xué)法,結(jié)合閱讀與英語寫作手法的教學(xué)。ETS也是按著英語教學(xué)法的趨勢提出整合式的新托福 iBT.所以我們能真正了解英語人士的各種寫作技巧,我們就能作到與一般同學(xué)不同,光看到topic,我們就能預(yù)測:
新托福閱讀文章的類型、文章的走向、文章的寫作方式,快速清晰地閱讀結(jié)構(gòu),比沒訓(xùn)綀過的同學(xué)在閱讀速度與理解能力快叁倍以上,也進(jìn)而能真正了解作者對這段文字的態(tài)度,這方法對更艱深難懂的英語學(xué)術(shù)文章尤其有用,比如TOEFL,IELTS,GRE, GMAT,LSAT 的閱讀。
藉由這樣的美國最新式的英語教學(xué)專業(yè)訓(xùn)綀,也能真正增加了自己英語寫作的能力。而不是一般的邊讀邊翻譯,而最后不知所云,看文章似懂非懂,這就是25分的分水嶺。大多有背詞匯的同學(xué),文章是大約能了解,但還是無沒讀到作者所要講的中心。所以分?jǐn)?shù)一直上不去。
另外再教導(dǎo)同學(xué)透過略讀、導(dǎo)讀、精讀的叁讀法, 在最快速的時間內(nèi),迅速了解文章各段的組織、邏輯、大意, 再經(jīng)筆記速記法,也因?yàn)槔蠋熢诿姥芯窟^學(xué)術(shù)的英語測驗(yàn)的出題方法,也親自訪問過ETS的考官,所以知道ETS怎么選材,設(shè)計考題,與干擾選項(xiàng)等等,能應(yīng)用這些計巧,我們就能精確且快速地30秒破解托福閱讀十大題型。

