托福閱讀 同義改寫題型怎么解答

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     托福閱讀 同義改寫題型怎么解答

    首先,“同義改寫”會影響到“定位”的準確與速度。新托福閱讀十類題型中的事實信息題、列舉排除題、推理題以及填表題都涉及到了原文定位的問題。定位的準確與速度也是影響閱讀分數(shù)的一個重要因素。定位的時候,首先確定大區(qū)間,也就是題干中給我們具體的指示“According to paragraph X" ,"In paragraph X" 定位具體的段落,或是根據(jù)“閱讀文章行文順序與行文順序基本一致”的特點進行大區(qū)間的定位;下一步就是確定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞。
    但是,回原文中定位的時候,有時并不一定可以找到一模一樣的“關(guān)鍵詞”,因為托福閱讀在定位時往往會設置一個同義改寫。比如例一這道事實信息題,我們首先定位到了第三段,然后尋找題干中的關(guān)鍵詞是“Whig Party’s view of the role of government?(Whig 政黨關(guān)于政府職能的觀點)”,但是定位時,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中所對應的出處是"The government’s responsibility was to....。.(政府的職責是..。.)" 也就是說你不能期待定位時一定會從原文中找到一模一樣的“關(guān)鍵詞”,這個定位過程中很有可能出現(xiàn)同義改寫的狀況。
    其次,定位完成后,選項部分可能又會進行一個同義改寫。比如例一原文中的“to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability”所對應的正確選項換了個說法,被改寫成了“To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit”。所以在選擇選項的時候,你也不能期待選項一定是原文中一模一樣的表達。
    同義改寫的設置不僅僅是在托福閱讀中,聽力中也涉及到了同樣的問題,也就是說正確的選項并不一定是你所到的原詞原句,基本上都會設置同義改寫來確定你是否真的聽懂了。例二的同義改寫現(xiàn)象請同學們自己做出分析。
    例一:According to paragraph 3,which of the following describes the Whig Party’s view of the role of government?
    A.To regulate the continuing conflict
    B.To restrict the changes brought about by the market
    C.To maintain an economy that allowed all capable citizens to benefit
    D.To reduce the emphasis on economic development
    Paragraph 3 : Whigs,on the other hand,were more comfortable with the market.For them,commerce and economic development agents of civilization.Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other.Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity.The government’s responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability。
    例二:According to paragraph 3, the loss of natural vegetation has which of the following consequences for soil?
    A.Increased stony content
    B.Reduced water absorption
    C.Increased numbers of spaces in the soil
    D.Reduced water runoff
    Paragraph 3: Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established。
    【更多托福閱讀信息請點擊出國留學網(wǎng)相關(guān)鏈接】
    托福閱讀考試的文章結(jié)構(gòu) 
    傳統(tǒng)的文法翻譯法教學已經(jīng)在新托福完全不能用了,因為新托福閱讀文章變兩倍長,而且ETS在官方指南清楚地寫明:“同學要能有略讀文章了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力“而且閱讀十大題型中,有一半是考對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯理解。這也正是,同學到美國求學必需具備的 reading skimming能力。
    而這教學法是採用美國最新的整合式教學法,結(jié)合閱讀與英語寫作手法的教學。ETS也是按著英語教學法的趨勢提出整合式的新托福 iBT.所以我們能真正了解英語人士的各種寫作技巧,我們就能作到與一般同學不同,光看到topic,我們就能預測:
    新托福閱讀文章的類型、文章的走向、文章的寫作方式,快速清晰地閱讀結(jié)構(gòu),比沒訓綀過的同學在閱讀速度與理解能力快叁倍以上,也進而能真正了解作者對這段文字的態(tài)度,這方法對更艱深難懂的英語學術(shù)文章尤其有用,比如TOEFL,IELTS,GRE, GMAT,LSAT 的閱讀。
    藉由這樣的美國最新式的英語教學專業(yè)訓綀,也能真正增加了自己英語寫作的能力。而不是一般的邊讀邊翻譯,而最后不知所云,看文章似懂非懂,這就是25分的分水嶺。大多有背詞匯的同學,文章是大約能了解,但還是無沒讀到作者所要講的中心。所以分數(shù)一直上不去。
    另外再教導同學透過略讀、導讀、精讀的叁讀法, 在最快速的時間內(nèi),迅速了解文章各段的組織、邏輯、大意, 再經(jīng)筆記速記法,也因為老師在美研究過學術(shù)的英語測驗的出題方法,也親自訪問過ETS的考官,所以知道ETS怎么選材,設計考題,與干擾選項等等,能應用這些計巧,我們就能精確且快速地30秒破解托福閱讀十大題型。