雅思聽力中的選擇題型包括單選題,多選題與配對題,是兩大基本題型之一(另一為填空題型)。一些剛接觸雅思的烤鴨們會覺得單選題比填空題簡單,因為至少有33%的正確率。但分析認(rèn)為事實并非如此,選擇題往往處處是陷阱,題題都暗藏殺機,烤鴨們往往會陷入簡單的題目做不對,難題直接不會做的糾結(jié)狀況。
要解決選擇題型一定要把握住聽力的出題思路,即它的核心考查方向:Listening Comprehension(聽力理解)。選擇題的難度在于,在幾秒鐘的反映時間中排除眾多細(xì)微的差別以及干擾項,選擇正確的答案。而解題的基礎(chǔ)是讀題,讀好題相當(dāng)于解了一半的題。讀題一方面能找好Keywords(關(guān)鍵詞),讓我們了解題目的內(nèi)容,明確聽題的側(cè)重點;另一方面也可以讓我們通過一些技巧在未聽錄音的時候“排除”其中一個選項,降低我們做題的難度。
筆者將在下面四類雅思聽力選擇題中,具體分享如何在實戰(zhàn)中運用上述技巧。
一、弱智型
弱智型題目指的是雅思考試中考到的一些不用聽錄音就能“選”對答案的題型,這種類型不是特別常見,但在不少考試中也都出現(xiàn)過,以劍橋系列真題為例。
例一:Cambridge 4 Test 1 section 3
The lecturer says that reasonable excuses for extensions are
A. planning problems
B. problems with assignment deadlines
C. personal illness or accident
答案 C來源:考試大
解析:題目中問的是講師說延遲考試的合理的理由是,A選項說的是計劃問題,B選項是作業(yè)的截至?xí)r間,C選項是生病或者意外事件。根據(jù)common sense完全可以不聽題目選對答案C。
例二:Cambridge 4 Test 1 section 3
Melanie could not borrow any books from the library because
A. the librarian was out
B. it was a really big assignment
C. the books had already been borrowed
答案C
解析:題目中問的是為什么Melanie不能從圖書館借到書,通過讀題我們發(fā)現(xiàn)以正常人所遇到的情況來說一般是因為書已經(jīng)被借走了才會發(fā)生。不放心的話,我們也可以帶著預(yù)測答案反過來聽錄音。
二、正常型
正常型指的是雅思聽力選擇題中最常見的題型,這種題目的選項往往不是很長,也不是很難,但是雅思考官卻會在里面設(shè)計很多的陷阱做干擾,錄音中聽到的內(nèi)容與若干錯誤選項中的內(nèi)容貌合神離,往往是文字一致,但意思風(fēng)馬牛。這樣一來加大考試的難度,篩選出真正能把題目聽懂的人,而不是那些只能聽到某些選項中的單詞就選那個選項的考生。
(1)A, B和C三個選項都出現(xiàn),其中兩個為干擾項
例三:Cambridge 4 Test 4 section 2
To find out how much holidays cost, you should press button
A. one
B. two考試大-中國教育考試門戶網(wǎng)站(www.233.com)
C. three
答案 B
解析:本文中我們說了如何找到關(guān)鍵詞和如何排除選項,很明顯本題無法排除選項,那么我們就必須主動出擊,重點就在關(guān)鍵詞的把握,很顯然本題的關(guān)鍵詞為 cost,而button可以幫助我們定位。通過聽錄音If you want to hear about special offers, please press one. If you want to hear our latest price lists, please press two. If you want to make a complaint, please press three. 我們聽到price選定了B,排除A和C兩個干擾項。
(2)時間與范圍的陷阱
例四:Cambridge 4 Test 4 section 2
Travelite currently offer walking holidays
A. only in Western Europe
B. all over Europe
C. outside Europe
答案 A
解析:通過讀題我們不能排除選項,但是可以迅速找到關(guān)鍵詞currently, only, all和outside,題目很有可能圍繞現(xiàn)在、過去和未來三個階段說出三個關(guān)于歐洲的不同的范圍,如果我們聽題前能預(yù)判出考點,那么我們會對考點更加敏感,大大提高做題正確率。如本題錄音中提到We offering walking holidays throughout the whole of Western Europe. We are planning to open our first centre outside this area in the coming year. 果然不出所料,陷阱就處在現(xiàn)在與將來,如果對考點不夠敏感,會覺得A和C都出現(xiàn)過,不知如何選擇。
(3)替換陷阱
例五:Cambridge 4 Test 4 section 2
The walks offered by Travelite
A. cater for a range of walking abilities
B. are planned by guides from the local area
C. are for people with good fitness levels
答案 A
解析:根據(jù)錄音Each day we offer three separate walks catering for all skills and fitness levels. 我們找到了其中的一個關(guān)鍵詞cater for作為定位,而它后面的all與a range of同義,所以本題考點在替換,選A。
所謂替換也就是出現(xiàn)在題目中的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵詞組不會在你聽到的錄音中直接出現(xiàn),而是以同義或近義的表達(dá)來替換出現(xiàn)。常見的替換有but替換however, cope with替換deal with, because of替換due to, city替換urban等等。替換陷阱在每套題中都會頻繁出現(xiàn),朗閣海外考試研究中心建議考生們在做劍橋系列真題時,一旦遇到替換陷阱就應(yīng)單獨列在筆記本上,化零為整系統(tǒng)了解雅思常見的替換陷阱,加大對替換陷阱的敏感度。
(4)細(xì)節(jié)陷阱
例六:Cambridge 4 Test 4 section 2
Entertainment is provided
A. when guests request it
B. most nights
C. every night
答案 B 解析:本題由于B和C選項極其相似,所以這種情況下我們可以直接排除另外一個答案即A。B和C的區(qū)別在于most和every,所以考生可以這兩個詞為關(guān)鍵詞,非常有針對性的聽錄音。Entertainment is laid on nearly every night. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)因為有nearly這個小的細(xì)節(jié),所以選B。Nearly這種細(xì)節(jié)也會作為考點設(shè)置在填空題中,一般配合數(shù)字讓考生痛不欲生。類似的還有 over/about/approximately等,如果考生只寫了數(shù)字沒有加這里的小細(xì)節(jié),那么就如這道題選了C一樣成為錯誤答案,差之毫厘,謬以千里。 三、黯然銷魂型
黯然銷魂型的選擇題是所有烤鴨的噩夢,它的出現(xiàn)往往伴隨著無數(shù)聲嘆息,這種令人絕望和無助的題目指的是題目和選項長且難的選擇題,考生必須在幾秒內(nèi)讀懂題目以及選項的區(qū)別,與此同時還要根據(jù)錄音判斷出正確的選項。這幾乎就是對人類的摧殘,那么我們將如何面對它,破解它的餓狼傳說呢?將為考生們提供對策。
(1)抓關(guān)鍵詞
例七:Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2 Question 17
What does the speaker say about university accommodation on campus?
A. Most places are given to undergraduates.
B. No places are available for postgraduates with families.
C. A limited number of places are available for new postgraduates.
讀題:題目中找到關(guān)鍵詞accommodation on campus.
選項ABC中的undergraduates, postgraduates with families和new postgraduates分別是三個選項的名詞主體,可以幫助區(qū)分選項;另外,most, no和limited分別是對三個名詞主體進(jìn)行限定的形容詞,可以成為選項對錯判斷的依據(jù)。
錄音:One or two of you touched on the subject of accommodation earlier, so I’ll just add a few point. It is the university’s policy to give priority in the allocation of residence places to three categories, and those are, visiting students, exchange students and new postgraduate students. However, demand exceeds supply, so there’s still a need to put your name down early for campus accommodation, particularly, if your family is accompanying you.
解析:最初出現(xiàn)的accommodation幫助定位。隨后,new postgraduate students引導(dǎo)視線到C選項,在聽到demand exceeds supply并進(jìn)行同意轉(zhuǎn)換后,確定C是正確答案(供不應(yīng)求就是limited的意思)。后面,出現(xiàn)干擾內(nèi)容:if your family is accompanying you, 調(diào)整視線到B選項,但根據(jù)選項中的形容詞no可以判斷B的內(nèi)容與錄音不符(錄音中強調(diào)的是有家庭成員陪同位置就更有限,B選項說的是有陪同就沒位置),因此B是一個干擾項。
(2)排除選項
排除選項是聽力的另一種主要方法,三個選項中有兩個有明顯的互相干擾,即干擾性組合,則另一個選項可以暫時排除。
例八:Cambridge 5 Test 3 Section 2 Question 20
With regard to their English, the speaker advises that students to
A. tell their lecturers if they have problems understanding.
B. have private English lessons when they arrive.
C. practice their spoken English before they arrive.
預(yù)測:BC選項存在明顯互相干擾作用,一個是到英國后加強英語,一個是來英國前加強英語;關(guān)鍵詞分別劃在when和before來進(jìn)行區(qū)分,同時可以先排除A。
錄音:One or two of you ask earlier about your level of spoken English, obviously most of you have already achieved a lot, I wish I could speak your language half as well. Having said that though, I’m afraid the lecturers will make little or no allowance for the presence of non-native speakers in the audience, so anything you can do to improve your spoken English, even beyond the pretty high level most of you have already reached will make your stay with us that bit more fun for you. Some extra practice before you arrive is worth more than, for example, private lessons afterwards when you won’t really have time.
解析:通過最后一句Some extra practice before you arrive is worth more than, for example, private lessons afterwards… 可判斷正確答案為C,錄音通篇未提A,這是因為這樣的選項組合出題意圖就在于用BC來進(jìn)行干擾,如果答案為A則不能利用到BC的干擾作用,無法達(dá)到出題目的。
四、特殊題型技巧
數(shù)字型技巧
戀“B”情節(jié)
Cambridge 4 test 2 Q19
The number of students counselled by the service last year was
A. 214
B. 240 C. 2600
答案B
Cambridge 4 Test 4 Q37
The average number of sharks caught in nets each year is
A. 15
B. 150
C. 1500
答案 B
Cambridge 6 Test4 Q31
When did Asiatic lions develop as a separate sub-species
A. about 10000 years ago
B. about 100000years ago
C. about 1000000 years ago
答案 B考試大-中國教育考試門戶網(wǎng)站(www.233.com)
Cambridge 6 Test4 Q33
Asiatic lions disappeared from Europe
A. 2500 years ago
B. 2000 years ago
C. 1900 years ago
答案 B
通過對劍橋真題的統(tǒng)計,發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)字題有70-80%選B。這可以理解為是一種巧合,也可以理解為因為數(shù)字題的選項在錄音中一般都是正序出現(xiàn)的,上來在A的時候就給你正確答案不現(xiàn)實,最后在C處才給你正確答案又太變態(tài),所以一般會選中間選項B作為正確答案,而在其前后即AC選項中設(shè)置陷阱,符合一般“正常” 人的思維邏輯。