1. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.(劍5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句主句為“The best estimates are that…”; “that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000 billion.”為that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，做are的表語; “causing considerable problems”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做伴隨狀語。
2. Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem, economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.(劍5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句中 “Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem”為介詞短語作讓步狀語;其中“that something drastic needs to be done about such a costly problem”為that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，做the intuition的同位語;“economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.”為本句的主句，其中“it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increased temperatures.”為賓語從句，做show的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞省略，it為形式主語，后面的不定式為真正的主語。
3. It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future. (劍5, Test 1 passage 3)
分析：本句主句為“It is crucial that we look at the facts”; 其中It為形式主語，“that we look at the facts”為that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，是該句子真正的主語;“if we want to make the best possible decisions for the future”為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。
4. Some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.(劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析：本句的主句為“Some are ‘thermoplastic’”; “which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.”為定語從句，做‘thermoplastic’的定語，關(guān)系詞為which; 在此定語從句中“that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.” 為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做means的賓語;“when heated”為過去分詞短語做狀語，做they melt的時間狀語。
5. Baekeland’s interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol). (劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析：本句的主句為“Baekeland’s interest in plastics began”; in 1885為時間狀語，而“when, as a young student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins”為定語從句，做1885的定語，關(guān)系詞為when; “the group of sticky substances”為phenolic resins的同位語;“produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol”為過去分詞短語做定語，做the group of sticky substances的定語，而“when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol).”為when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
6. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today. (劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析：本句的主句為“Baekeland took out his famous patent”, “On 13 July 1907”為時間狀語;“describing this preparation”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，做his famous patent的定語;“the essential features of which are still in use today”為同位語，做this preparation的同位語;而其中“of which are still in use today”為定語從句，做features的定語，關(guān)系詞為which。
7. The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became solule and malleable when heated. (劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析：本句的主句為“The result was a resin”; “known as Novalak”為過去分詞短語做定語，做resin的定語;“which became solule and malleable when heated.”為定語從句，做Novalak的定語，關(guān)系詞為which; “when heated”為過去分詞短語做狀語，在該定語從句中做時間狀語。
8. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract. (劍5, Test 2 passage 1) 分析：本句的主句為“The object could not be designed”; “so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract.”為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。
9. Baekeland’s invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century.(劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析：本句的主句為“Baekeland’s invention went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity”; “although treated with disdain in its early years”為過去分詞短語做讓步狀語;“which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century”為定語從句，做popularity的定語，關(guān)系詞為which。
10. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era.(劍5, Test 2 passage 1)
分析：本句為并列句，“Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties”和“consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades”并列，由and連接;“delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era”為過去分詞短語做伴隨狀語;其中“that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the pre-plastic era”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(其前省掉了介詞at)。
11. Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline.(劍5, Test 2 passage 2)
分析：本句的主句為“Kant and Freud felt that…”, 其中“that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline.”為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，做felt的賓語;而“which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline”為定語從句，做a psychic tension的定語，關(guān)系詞為which。