考研英語備考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是該注意的，下面由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2021考研英語：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的語法賞析”，持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊!
2021考研英語：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的語法賞析
語法是考研英語的基礎(chǔ)，這部分在研究生英語考試中不再單獨(dú)考查，但是語法知識貫穿在整個(gè)英語考卷的各個(gè)題型中。 完型填空題會直接考查語法知識;閱讀理解題和英譯漢中有大量的長難句，這些句子只有具備一定的語法知識才能正確分析;作文中要寫出正確無誤的句子，也需要語法知識。這部分基礎(chǔ)如果欠缺，其它的綜合能力提高起來將會很慢，所以所有考生都務(wù)必重視考研語法的復(fù)習(xí)。
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語)構(gòu)成。
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒有主語和謂語，所以在語法上不是句子。但多有名詞或代詞表示的邏輯主語，分詞或不定式表示的邏輯謂語，有時(shí)還有其他修飾成分。(判斷一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是否是句子的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是看看這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)是否有謂語動詞。)這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句子中起方式、時(shí)間、原因、條件等狀語或狀語從句的作用，主要用于書面語。使用動詞非謂語形式的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為句子形式(從句):獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)加上連詞，非謂語動詞改為謂語動詞形式，這樣就成為從句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn\' t open.今天星期天，圖書館不開放。
(原因)改為從句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn\' t open.
例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 沒有汽車了，我們只好坐出租車了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信號發(fā)出后，公共汽車就啟動了。
(時(shí)間)改為從句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那個(gè)人到這里，并爬了進(jìn)來，手里拿著劍。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考試結(jié)束了，兩個(gè)月之后進(jìn)行期末考試.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we\' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話，我們就去參觀長城。
If weather permits, we\' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那個(gè)人到這里，并爬了進(jìn)來，手里拿著劍。(伴隨狀語)
上文例句中sword in hand是由“名詞+介詞短語”構(gòu)成，表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)可以用with
引出，二者的意思是一樣的，with結(jié)構(gòu)更加口語話，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含著淚水，離開了辦公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾著一把尺子，手里拿著幾本書，走進(jìn)了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian\' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.華燈齊放，天安門廣場顯得美麗動人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領(lǐng)路，我們毫不費(fèi)勁地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭，我們對一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu):
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn\' t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
2、 用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改正下列句子:
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold, …
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
---…，its size (area) being about 43….
3、 用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)將括號內(nèi)的漢語譯成英語填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿著一個(gè)大蘋果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下課了)，the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子凍得通紅).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (從福州來的火車)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父親坐在旁邊)
6) ____(誰也沒有什么可說的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say.
2021考研英語知識點(diǎn)：名詞性從句的語法解析
語法是考研英語的基礎(chǔ)，這部分在研究生英語考試中不再單獨(dú)考查，但是語法知識貫穿在整個(gè)英語考卷的各個(gè)題型中。 完型填空題會直接考查語法知識;閱讀理解題和英譯漢中有大量的長難句，這些句子只有具備一定的語法知識才能正確分析;作文中要寫出正確無誤的句子，也需要語法知識。這部分基礎(chǔ)如果欠缺，其它的綜合能力提高起來將會很慢，所以所有考生都務(wù)必重視考研語法的復(fù)習(xí)。在主從復(fù)合句中，從句可以充當(dāng)主句的主語、表語、賓語或同位語。由于在多數(shù)情況下，主語、表語、賓語或同位語這四種句子成分由名詞性詞類充當(dāng)，所以，我們把這些作用相當(dāng)于名詞的從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句，把充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語或同位語的從句分別稱為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句或同位語從句。也就是說充當(dāng)什么成分就叫什么從句。名詞性從句由連接詞(或關(guān)聯(lián)詞)引導(dǎo)。
常用的連接詞有：
| 連接詞 | 作用 |
| whether是否 that（本身無詞義） | 只起連接詞作用，引導(dǎo)從句，在從句中不作任何成分 在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語 |
| who，whom，whose which哪一個(gè) what什么，所…的 | 在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語 在從句中分別作主語、賓語和定語 除了起連接詞作用外，還在從句中作狀語 |
| when什么時(shí)候，where什么地方 how怎樣，怎么，why為什么 |
疑問詞(who, whom, whose, what, which, where, why, when, how)可以引導(dǎo)主語、賓語和表語從句。
它們的特點(diǎn)是：1、疑問詞有本身的詞義;2、疑問詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)句子成分，如主語、賓語或狀語;3、這種疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句一律用陳述語序，不能用疑問語序。
For example:
Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他們在找誰嗎?(賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是whom are they looking for?)
I don’t know who did it. 我不知道這是誰干的。(賓語從句。在從句中如果疑問詞作主語，其陳述語序和疑問語序一致。)
She asked me where I had been. 她問我到哪兒去了。(賓語從句。陳述語序，不能是where had I been. 直接引語，間接引語。注意這句話的時(shí)態(tài)。)
Can you tell me when the train will arrive? 你能告訴我火車什么時(shí)候到嗎?(賓語從句。陳述語序，不能是when will the train arrive. 直接引語，間接引語。)
I don’t know why he hasn’t come yet. 我不知道他為什么還沒來。(賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是why hasn’t he come yet.)
He didn’t tell me what you were doing. 他沒和我說你在干什么。(賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是what were you doing.)
What you have done might do harm t other people. 你所做過的事情有可能傷害別人。(主語從句。what 作從句的賓語。陳述語序，不能是what have you done. 如果用疑問語序，意思發(fā)生了變化，成了“你做了什么?”。)
I don’t know where he is now. 我不知道他現(xiàn)在在哪里。(賓語從句，陳述語序。不能是where is he now.)
Where he went for his weekend is not known. 不知道他去哪里過的周末。(主語從句，where 作從句的地點(diǎn)狀語。陳述語序，不能是where did he go for his weekend.)
Whose fault this is is not important. 這是誰的過錯并不重要。(主語從句，whose 作從句的定語。陳述語序，不能是whose fault is this.)
What I want to know is where he has gone for his weekend. 我想知道的是他到哪里度周末去了。(這句話包含兩個(gè)名詞性從句：what I want to know是主語從句，what 在從句中作賓語，從句用陳述語序，不能是What do I want to know. Where he has gone for his weekend 是表語從句，where 在從句中作狀語，從句用陳述語序，不能是where has he gone for his weekend.)
下面分述主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句。
A主語從句
1.that 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，that 沒有意義，但不能省略。(that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以省略。)
For example:
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray. 她的頭發(fā)正在變白，這使她很不安。that引導(dǎo)主語從句，it 作形式主語，that 不能省略。
That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 眾所周知，她是個(gè)富有的女人。這是that 引導(dǎo)主語從句，that 不能省略。這句話可以改為用it 作形式主語的句型。請同學(xué)們改寫：It is known to us all that she is a rich woman.)
We didn’t know (that) you had sold your house. 我們不知道你已經(jīng)把你的房子賣了。這是that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，that 可以省略。注意這句話的時(shí)態(tài)。
2.從句作主語時(shí)，多數(shù)情況下由 it 作形式主語，而把主語從句放在后面，尤其是謂語部分(包括賓語)較短的情況下。
For example:
It wasn’t very clear what she meant. 不清楚她是什么意思。
It is important that he should come on time. 他按時(shí)來是很重要的。
It is true that that man on the left is a well-known writer here. 左邊那個(gè)人是本地的一位著名作家，這是真的。這里，第一個(gè)that 引導(dǎo)主語從句，是單純的連詞，無詞義，不作句子成分。第二個(gè)that 是指示代詞，作句子成分，是man 的定語。
3.whether 既可以引導(dǎo)主語從句也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但if不能引導(dǎo)主語從句。whether 后面可以加or not, 而if 不能與or not 連用。作介詞賓語時(shí)不用if.
For example:
Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John. 我是否認(rèn)識約翰沒有關(guān)系。
Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear. = It isn’t clear whether …. 她是否來還不清楚。
It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation. 這是主語從句還是賓語從句?it 是形式主語嗎?it 是代詞，whether 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，作介詞on 的賓語，不能用if引導(dǎo)。請翻譯這句話。這完全取決于我們是否能得到他們的合作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 賓語從句，介詞賓語，不能用if 引導(dǎo)。請翻譯這句話。
She asked me whether/if you were married. 賓語從句，既可以用whether, 又可以用if 引導(dǎo)。注意時(shí)態(tài)的對應(yīng)。請翻譯這句話。
We haven’t decided whether/if we shall give them aid.
I’m not sure whether/if the report is believable.
Now let’s do some translation:
現(xiàn)在還很難測誰會贏得下一屆總統(tǒng)選舉。
It is still hard to predict who will win the next presidential election.
對于多數(shù)公民來說，誰當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)無關(guān)緊要。
Who will become the president doesn’t matter much to most citizens.
這位前總統(tǒng)是否會被判處死刑還有待觀察。It remains to be seen whether the ex-president will be sentenced to death.
真可惜，王教授不能出席我們的英語晚會。
It is a pity that Prof. Wang can’t attend our English Evening.
我們需要的是更多的時(shí)間。
What we need is more time.
B賓語從句
賓語從句
在謂語動詞、介詞、動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞之后都可以帶有賓語從句。某些形容詞如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以帶有賓語從句。
1.that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句: that 沒有意義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略：如：
I really feel she’s making a mistake. 我的確感到她正犯錯誤。
James said (that) he was feeling better. 詹姆斯說他感到好些了。
Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him. 聽說兒子受了重傷，他急忙趕到醫(yī)院去看望他。
I suggested that we should go home. 我建議我們回家去。虛擬語氣，that 一般不能省略。
2.whether/if (是否)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：如果要突出“究竟是…還是不…”，常在whether 后面加or not; if 一般不與or not連用。如：
He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他問我是否認(rèn)識約翰。
Let me know whether you can come or not. 你能來還是不能來，告訴我一聲。
3.在think, believe, suppose, expect 等動詞的賓語從句中，否定不用在從句中，而是將think 等詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问健?BR> For example:
I don’t think the film is interesting. 我覺得這部電影沒什么意思。
I don’t suppose we are going outing tomorrow. 我認(rèn)為我們明天不會出去郊游。
4.如果從句作賓語而后面還有補(bǔ)語，為了保持句子的平衡，用it 作形式賓語，而將賓語從句放在句尾。常跟這樣的復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：make, find, see, hear, feel, think, consider, regard, take….for granted等。如：
George made it clear that he opposed this project. 喬治已明確表示他反對這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。it 代表that 引導(dǎo)的句子，作賓語，clear 是賓語補(bǔ)足語。
They kept it quiet that he was dead. 對他已經(jīng)死亡的消息，他們秘而不宣。
I took it for granted that you’d stay with us. 我想當(dāng)然認(rèn)為你會和我們呆在一起。
C 同位語從句
同位語從句是對名詞的內(nèi)容給予具體、詳細(xì)的說明。常在后面接同位語從句的名詞有fact, news, idea, truth, hope, suggestion, question, problem, doubt, fear, belief等。同位語從句常用的引導(dǎo)詞為that,有是也用when, where 等疑問詞。如：
The news that the United States was hit by terrorist attacks took the whole world by surprise. 美國受到恐怖主義分子襲擊的消息令全世界吃驚。
The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你認(rèn)為不動腦筋就能做好這件工作的想法是完全錯誤的。
People used to hold the belief that the earth was the center of the universe. 人們曾認(rèn)為地球是宇宙的中心。
The difficulty lies in the fact that we are short of money. 困難在于我們?nèi)狈Y金這個(gè)事實(shí)。
They have no idea at all where he has gone. 他們一點(diǎn)兒也不知道他去哪兒了。
注意：同位語從句的that 只是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有其他語法作用，在句子中不作句子成分，不能省略;而定語從句中的that 除了引導(dǎo)定語從句外，還是定語從句的一個(gè)成分，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時(shí)不能省略，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。如：
The idea that some peoples are superior to others is sheer nonsense. 有些民族優(yōu)越于其他民族這種想法簡直荒謬。(請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。)(同位語從句)
The idea that he proposed at the meeting is sheer nonsense. 他在會議上提出的這個(gè)想法簡直荒謬。(請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。)(定語從句)
No one is happy with the fact that he found out. 沒有人對他發(fā)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)感到高興。(請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。)(定語從句)
No one is happy with the fact that he will become their boss. 沒有人對他將成為他們的老板這一事實(shí)感到高興。(請辨別是同位語從句還是定語從句。)(同位語從句)
D表語從句
表語從句位于主句的連系動詞之后，在非正式文體中引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。如：
That’s not what I want. 那不是我要的。
That’s why I have come. 那就是我為什么來了。
My opinion is that things will improve. 我的意見是事情會好起來的。
One advantage of solar energy is that it will never run out. 太陽能的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是永遠(yuǎn)也不會枯竭。
The truth is that he didn’t really try. 實(shí)際情況是他沒有真正努力。
The problem is who is to pay and when we can start. 問題是誰來付帳、我們又何時(shí)開始。
The fact is that he didn’t notice the car until too late. 事實(shí)是他注意到車時(shí)已經(jīng)太晚了。
What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我感到吃驚的是他英語講得那么好。
All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能說的就是我與此事沒有關(guān)系。
What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們。
表語從句位于主句的連系動詞之后，在非正式文體中引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。如：
The fact is that he didn’t notice the car until too late. 事實(shí)是他注意到車時(shí)已經(jīng)太晚了。
What surprised me was that he spoke English so well. 使我感到吃驚的是他英語講得那么好。
All I can say is that I have nothing to do with it. 我能說的就是我與此事沒有關(guān)系。
What I want to know is where we shall go and whether she will join us. 我想知道的是我們要去什么地方以及她是否加入我們。
此外，表語從句還可由as if (好像)引導(dǎo)。如：
It looked as if it was/were going to rain. (虛擬語氣)
Now let’s do some translation:
這就是她昨天請一天假的原因。
That is why she had a day off yesterday.
我的想法是，個(gè)人的權(quán)利應(yīng)該得到充分尊重。
My idea is that individual rights should be fully respected.
問題在于上帝是否真的存在。
The question is whether the God really exists.
我想知道的是，他是如何在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的。
What I want to know is how he managed to complete the project in such a short time.
形容詞后的that 從句
that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句還可以用在一些形容詞后面。這種句型一般都用人作主語，所用的形容詞都是表示思想狀況或感情色彩的形容詞，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。如：
I am sure/certain that he’s at home now. 我肯定他現(xiàn)在在家。
He became angry that you made the same mistake. 你犯了同樣的錯誤，他生氣了。
He remains confident that he will win. 他仍然自信他會贏
She is aware that I can’t help her. 她知道我?guī)筒涣怂拿Α?BR> I am glad that you’ve come. 你來了我很高興。
He appeared/seemed surprised that I said “no”. 我說不，他似乎很吃驚。
I am afraid that I can’t promise you anything. 恐怕我不能向你保證什么。
We were rather disappointed that you were not able to come yesterday. 昨天你沒能來我們有點(diǎn)失望。
I am a bit worried that she will not be able to make it. 我有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心她做不成這件事情。
what 從句的小結(jié)
1.意思是“所….的事/物”, 相當(dāng)于the thing(s) that…, that which…, 或those which… 可以用于以下情況：
(1) 引導(dǎo)主語從句。如：
What she saw frightened her. 她看到的事情嚇了她一跳。
What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality. 曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為不可能的事情，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)變成了事實(shí)。
What I’m afraid of is their taking him to that place. 我怕的是他們帶他到那地方去。What we are worrying about is just her innocence. 我們擔(dān)心的是她的幼稚。
But what hurt our feelings most was the personal comment of the judge. 最傷我們感情的是法官的私下評論。
What will be, will be. 要發(fā)生的事總是要發(fā)生的。(諺語)
What is gone is gone. 過去的事就過去了。
(2) 引導(dǎo)表語從句。如：
That’s what I hope. 那就是我希望的。
I should like to be a teacher. That’s what I want to be. 我想當(dāng)老師，那是我想干的事。
Times are not what they used to be. 時(shí)代不同了。
He’s not what he was a few years ago. 他不是幾年前的他了。
Your health is not what it ought to be. 你的身體應(yīng)該更好。
(3) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，包括介詞賓語。如：
He could not express what he felt. 他不能表達(dá)他的感受。
Well, I’ll do what I can. 好吧，我盡力。
I can’t do what you’ve just asked of me. 我不能做你剛才要求我的事。
And having got what he wanted, he took his hat and went away. 得到了他要的東西，他拿上帽子就走了。
As a friend of yours, I want to tell you what I hear. 作為你的朋友，我想告訴你我所聽到的。
The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父親開始批評男孩所做的事。(注意時(shí)態(tài))
She was not happy at what he had said. 她對他說的話不高興。
Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you. 不要多管閑事。
The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 這座城市和十年前不同了。
It was a small place then compared to what it is now. 和現(xiàn)在比起來，它那時(shí)候是個(gè)小地方。
The father began to criticize what the boy had done. 父親開始批評男孩所做的事。(注意時(shí)態(tài))
She was not happy at what he had said. 她對他說的話不高興。
Don’t poke your nose into what doesn’t concern you. 不要多管閑事。
The city is different from what it was ten years ago. 這座城市和十年前不同了。
It was a small place then compared to what it is now. 和現(xiàn)在比起來，它那時(shí)候是個(gè)小地方。
I don’t care about money or what people call position. 我不在乎金錢或者別人所謂的地位。
Philip was depressed by what he had gone through. Philip經(jīng)歷過的事情使他很消沉。
They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state. 他們能掙來的東西，百分之五十交給了國家。
2.用作插入語，指代后面的成分。這和非限定性定語從句正好相反，非限定性定語從句指代的是前面的成分。如：
Then I discovered, what was news to me, that his wife was Mary’s niece. 后來我發(fā)現(xiàn)，他妻子原來是Mary的侄女，這對我是個(gè)新聞。
He never joined in the usual sports of the boys, and, what is remarkable, never went out in a boat on the river. 他從來不參加男孩子通常做的體育活動，更奇怪的是，他從來不坐船出去到河上面去。
He’s an interesting speaker, and, what is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly. 他講話生動有趣，更重要的是，他對課題了如指掌。
He went to the meeting and, what was worse, insisted on speaking. 他去參加了會議，而且更糟糕的是，他堅(jiān)持要發(fā)言。
It is a useful book, and, what is more, not an expensive one. 這是本很有用的書，再說也不貴。
You’ll have nobody but yourself to blame, and, what’s more, you’ll get no sympathy from anybody. 你怪不著別人，只能怪你自己;還有，你得不到任何人的同情。
We invited a new speaker and, what’s more, he was happy to come. 我們請到了一位新的發(fā)言人，而且他很樂意來。
3.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，等于“不管什么…”。注意狀語從句的語序。如：
Do what she would, she could not invent a reason for not going. 不管她會做什么，她都編不出不去的理由。狀語從句把實(shí)義動詞放在句首，句子倒裝。=No matter what she would do, …
Come what may, you’ll always keep it secret. 無論怎樣，你都要保守秘密。=No matter what may come, ….
Jack has made up his mind that, come what might, he would stay there. Jack已經(jīng)拿定主意，無論如何他也要呆在那里。=…no matter what might come, …
Say what he will, in his heart he knows that he is wrong. 不管他怎么說，內(nèi)心里他知道自己錯了。= No matter what he will say.
2021考研英語知識點(diǎn)：狀語從句的語法解析
語法是考研英語的基礎(chǔ)，這部分在研究生英語考試中不再單獨(dú)考查，但是語法知識貫穿在整個(gè)英語考卷的各個(gè)題型中。 完型填空題會直接考查語法知識;閱讀理解題和英譯漢中有大量的長難句，這些句子只有具備一定的語法知識才能正確分析;作文中要寫出正確無誤的句子，也需要語法知識。這部分基礎(chǔ)如果欠缺，其它的綜合能力提高起來將會很慢，所以所有考生都務(wù)必重視考研語法的復(fù)習(xí)。
作為考研英語中?？嫉娜髲木渲?，狀語從句的考頻很高，是考研英語各題型考查的重點(diǎn)。狀語從句根據(jù)意義和作用可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句等，而且每類狀語從句又可以由多種連詞引導(dǎo)，因此狀語從句的類型容易混淆。所以，對于狀語從句的學(xué)習(xí)，重點(diǎn)在于掌握引導(dǎo)狀語從句的各種連詞的用法特點(diǎn)和意義，并且能夠正確區(qū)分同一連詞的不同用法。
一、要點(diǎn)精析
狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，與主句連接，該連詞直接表明主句和從句之間的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)。而常見的一些連詞可引導(dǎo)不同的狀語從句，這在一定程度上給考生理解文章帶來了很大的困難，針對這個(gè)問題，對這一類連詞進(jìn)行以下梳理。
（1）連詞as引導(dǎo)狀語從句
1、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句：as表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，“與……同時(shí)”，“隨著”
例：As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
隨著時(shí)間的推移，他會理解我所講的話。
2、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句：as表示“盡管/雖然”，且必須倒裝，規(guī)則為：從句結(jié)尾的名詞(不帶冠詞)、動詞原形、形容詞或者副詞置于從句開頭。
例：Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you.
我盡管很喜歡你，卻不能和你在一起生活。
3、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：as表示“因?yàn)椤保磉_(dá)的原因語氣較弱。
例：As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
因?yàn)樘鞖馓愀猓覀儾坏貌煌七t旅行。
4、引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句：as表示“以……方式”，“像……一樣”，“正如”。
例：I cook the dish as my mother does.
我像我媽媽那樣烹飪這道菜。
（2）連詞since引導(dǎo)狀語從句
1、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句：since表示“自從……以來”
例：It’s been years since I enjoyed myself so much as last night.
我已經(jīng)好多年沒有像昨晚那么痛快了。
2、引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：since表示“因?yàn)椤?，“既然”，表達(dá)說話者認(rèn)為已成為事實(shí)的原因。
例：Since we’ve no moneywe can’t buy a new car.
因?yàn)槲覀儧]錢，我們不能買新汽車。
（3）連詞while引導(dǎo)狀語從句
1、引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句：while表示“與……同時(shí);與此同時(shí)”，表明從句和主句的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，并且常有相反或者對比的語氣。
例：While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too.
電腦給消費(fèi)者提供了這些便利的同時(shí)，對銷售者而言也有很多好處。
2、引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句：while表示“盡管”，“雖然”，義同although或though。
例：While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
盡管我承認(rèn)有問題存在，但我不同意說這些問題無法解決。
四、連詞so that引導(dǎo)狀語從句;與so…that進(jìn)行區(qū)分
1、引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句：so that表示“因此”，“以至于”。
例：Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead.
再也沒聽到他的消息，因此我們有些懷疑他是否死了。
2、引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句：so that表示“為了”，“以便于”。
例：She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock.
她拼命干以便能到6點(diǎn)時(shí)把一切都準(zhǔn)備好。
3、與so…that進(jìn)行區(qū)分：so/ such...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句：表示“如此……以至于……”
例：We get so used to looking at television that it begins to dominate our lives.
我們習(xí)慣于看電視，以至于電視開始支配我們的生活。
二、試題體驗(yàn)
1.A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want. [2003,完型]
分析：
A.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。主句是被動結(jié)構(gòu)，a variety of activities是主語，be organized是謂語;so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，participants can remain active是從句主句，as long as they want意思是“盡可能長時(shí)間地”。
B.譯文：應(yīng)該組織各種各樣的活動，以便于參與者能夠盡可能長時(shí)間地保持活躍。
2. There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. [2005, text 2]
分析：
A.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)。該句的主句是There are upsetting parallels today，是there be句型，主語是upsetting parallels;as scientists in one wave after … threat of global warming是as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，as表示“當(dāng)/在……時(shí)候”，主語是scientists，謂語動詞是try。
B.譯文：在科學(xué)家一次又一次努力使我們意識到日益增長的全球變暖威脅的時(shí)候，今天還有許多類似的令人不安的事情。