2020考研英語:長難句模擬題解析(十二)

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    2020考研英語:長難句模擬題解析(十二)
    考研英語長難句訓(xùn)練題:
    45. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenlybecome sensitive to it when exposed to it oftenenough.
    46. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient tokeep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.
    47. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptorsavailable for unfamiliar and emergency signals suchas the smell of smoke, which might indicate thedanger of fire.
    48. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes commited young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.
    考研英語長難句解析:
    第45題:
    【分析】多重復(fù)合句。句子主干為 it has been foundthat...,it 作形式主語,真正的主語為 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句。該從句的主干為 people...can suddenly become sensitive...。其中 insensitive to a certainsmell at first 是 people 的后置定語, when 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句省略了主語和系動詞。
    【譯文】然而我們卻發(fā)現(xiàn),即使某些人開始時對某種氣味不敏感,如果經(jīng)常接觸這種氣味,也會對它敏感起來。
    【點(diǎn)撥】1) be insensitive to sth."對...不敏感的"。2) be exposed to sth."暴露于接觸"。
    第46題:
    【分析】多重復(fù)合句。句子主干為 The explanation...seems to be that...。 that 引導(dǎo)表語從句,該從句中由 but 連接的兩個并列句組成第一個分句中 it 作形式賓語,其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu) to keep...作真正的賓語第二個分句中 if necessary 為條件狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu), but 前省略相同的主語 the brain。
    【譯文】對氣味不敏感的解釋似乎是:大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)讓所有氣味接收器一直工作效率太低,但是在需要的時候仍可以產(chǎn)生新的感受器。
    第47題:
    【分析】復(fù)合句。句子主干為 The brain finds it best tokeep smell receptors available。其中 it 為形式賓語,不定式結(jié)構(gòu) to keep smell receptors available 才是真正的賓語,best 為賓語補(bǔ)足語such as... 用于舉例,補(bǔ)充說明unfamiliar and emergency signalswhich 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾 the smell of smoke。
    【譯文】 大腦發(fā)現(xiàn)好讓氣味感受器隨時用于接收陌生的和危急的信號,比如可能暗示火災(zāi)危險的煙味。
    第48題:
    【分析】簡單句。句子主干為 Many theories...focus either on the individual or onsociety。concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency 是分詞短語作后置定語,修飾 theories括號內(nèi)的成分是 juvenile delinquency 的同位語,對其進(jìn)行解釋 as the major contributing influence為賓語補(bǔ)足語。
    【譯文】 很多關(guān)于青少年犯罪(低齡人群犯罪)原因的理論要么強(qiáng)調(diào)個人要么的強(qiáng)調(diào)社會是導(dǎo)致犯罪的主要原因。
    【點(diǎn)撥】1) juvenile 既是名詞"青少年",也是形容詞"青少年的年幼無知的"。2) commit"委托,托付犯罪,承諾,做...事"。3) influence 原意為"影響作用",本句中意為"影響因素"。