2021考研英語:精品詞匯的辨析(10)

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    2021考研英語:精品詞匯的辨析(10)
    interfere, intervene, interrupt, disturb
    這幾個詞都有"干擾"的意思。
    interfere v.干涉,妨礙。常指干涉或妨礙他人(的事),著重指有影響,當"干涉"講時,后多接in,當"妨礙,打擾"時后多接with。
    It's unwise to interfere between husband and wife.干涉別人夫婦間的事是不明智的
    intervene v.干涉,干預,較為正式,常指帶有行動的干預此外,還有"調(diào)停"的意思。
    Would you intervene if you saw a parent hit a child?要是你看到家長打孩子你會干預嗎?
    interrupt v.打擾,打斷,阻礙。常有"使……停止(中斷)"的意思。
    His speech was constantly interrupted by applause.他的講話頻頻被掌聲所打斷。
    disturb v.打擾,妨礙。常指失去了正常的狀態(tài)或?qū)е吕щy產(chǎn)生。
    Bad dreams disturbed her sleep.噩夢妨礙她的睡眠。
    invaluable, valueless
    invaluable a.無價的,非常寶貴的,相當于priceless。
    Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.你幫忙搬那個大冰箱,你的幫助是非??少F的。
    valueless a.沒有價值的,相當于worthless。
    That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.那個手鐲是一件便宜的、不值錢的首飾。
    jealous, envious
    jealous a.妒忌的,暗含有憎惡與不好的感情。
    He gets jealous when other man talks to his girlfriend.當別的男人和他的女朋友說話時間],他會很嫉妒。
    envious a.羨慕的,強調(diào)攀比心理所造成的羨慕。
    He is envious of my new car and wants one like it.他很羨慕我的新車,也想要一輛同樣的。
    judicial, judicious
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    judicial a.司法的,法律的,法庭的。
    The judicial system settles arguments between people.司法系統(tǒng)解決人與人之間的爭端。
    judicious a.果斷的,明智的,是個正式用語。
    He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.他做了一個明智的決定,要為他的晚年攢錢。
    minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate
    這一組形容詞都有"次等"的意思。
    minor a較少的,較小的,較次要的,常含有輕微的但并非不重要的意思。
    We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.我們對合同中的一切問題,甚至是細枝末節(jié)都達成了一致。
    inferior a.次等的,較劣的,差的,當"下級"講時,強調(diào)職位的高低當"次等"講時,指素質(zhì)、質(zhì)量等的低劣。
    Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.產(chǎn)于瑞士的葡萄酒多數(shù)要比產(chǎn)自法國的差。
    secondary a.第二等的,次要的,強調(diào)在重要性或順序上處于第二位。
    My job is of secondary importance to my health.我的工作比起身體來說不那么重要。
    subordinate a.次要的,從屬的,下級的,強調(diào)主次地位或支配和隸屬的關(guān)系。
    He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.她對下級官員一向和藹可親。
    opt, apt
    這是一對形近易混詞。
    opt v.選擇,抉擇,后接for。
    She opted for a winter vacation, instead of one in summer.她選擇了在冬天休假而不是夏天。
    apt a.易于……的,(后接to)恰當?shù)?,貼切的。
    She is apt to make mistakes if you pressure her too much.如果你給她施加的壓力過大,她就很容易出錯。
    rational, reasonable
    rational a.理性的,區(qū)別于無理性理智的,區(qū)別于感情用事的。
    The rational thing to do was to take the sick man to a doctor.理智的做法是送病人去看醫(yī)生。
    reasonable a.有道理的,公平合理的,或指人講道理的。
    That man works very hard, so it is reasonable for him to ask for more money.那個人工作努力,所以他要求加薪是合情合理的。
    refrain, restrain, constrain
    refrain v.抑制,禁止,強調(diào)抑制一種沖動,是正式用語,為不及物動詞,后接介詞from。
    Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.學生們克制住不在教師抽煙。
    restrain v.抑制,約束,指過管束阻止某事發(fā)生,是及物動詞,其習慣用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing。
    She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.溜狗時,她牽著狗來限制它的活動。
    constrain v.強迫,力勸,是及物動詞。
    A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.法律限制政府開支大于收入。
    2021考研英語:精品詞匯的辨析(9)
    respectable, respectful, respective
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    respectable a.值得尊敬的,有好名聲的。
    They are respectable people who are liked and trusted in their town.他們在家鄉(xiāng)是受人們敬愛和信任的人。
    respectful a.尊敬他人的,恭敬的。
    Students and teachers should have a respectful attitude toward each other.師生應(yīng)該相互彬彬有禮。
    respective a.單個的,分別的。
    revolve, evolve, involve
    revolve v.旋轉(zhuǎn),轉(zhuǎn)動。
    The room began to revolve , then he fainted.屋子開始旋轉(zhuǎn),然后他就昏倒了。
    evolve v.發(fā)展,演變。
    Agriculture evolved slowly over thousands of years.幾千年來,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展得很緩慢。
    involve v.需要,包含使卷入,牽涉。
    Getting a driver's license involves learning how to drive, studying the rules of the road, and taking a test.要得到駕駛執(zhí)照需要學習開車,學習交通規(guī)則,還要經(jīng)過考試。
    sanction, sanitation
    sanction n.認可,準許,批準。
    I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.我晚回家需要得到父母的批準。
    sanitation n.公共衛(wèi)生,環(huán)境衛(wèi)生,衛(wèi)生設(shè)備。
    Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.在理發(fā)店和餐館等營業(yè)場所執(zhí)行嚴格的公共衛(wèi)生制度。
    scenery, scene, view, landscape
    這一組名詞都有"景色"的意思。
    scenery n.風景,景色,舞臺布景,強調(diào)從美的角度看,某個國家或地區(qū)的總體外貌。
    Each year, we spend our vacation in the mountains and enjoy the scenery.我們每年到山區(qū)渡假,并欣賞那里的風景。
    scene n.指從遠處看到的某一具體景色、景象,也可以指人物的活動場面(犯罪的)地點,現(xiàn)場。
    They stood gazing the happy scene of children playing in the park.他們站在那里,注視著孩子們在公園里玩耍的場景。
    view n.指從遠處或窗戶看到的視野范圍內(nèi)的風景觀點,看法。
    Our house has a view of the park.我們的房子可以看到公園的景色。
    landscape n. (自然的)風景,景色風景畫。
    The landscape seen from the mountains is green and beautiful.站在群山之巔看到的是一片美麗的綠色。
    sensible, sensitive, sentimental, sensational
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    sensible a.有知覺的,可感知的明智的。
    The patient was speechless but still sensible.病人雖然不能說話但仍然有知覺。
    sensitive a.敏感的,靈敏的。
    This film is sensitive to light.這種膠片對光很敏感。
    sentimental a.多愁善感的,感傷的。
    The novel has scenes full of love and loss it is so sentimental!小說有多處場景充滿愛情的悲歡離合,真是感傷啊!
    sensational a.聳人聽聞的,令人激動的。
    I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.我聽到一則聳人聽聞的故事:十歲女孩做媽媽。
    technological, technical
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    technological a.技術(shù)上的。
    a major technological breakthrough主要技術(shù)性進步
    technical a.技術(shù)的,工藝(學)的專門的,深奧的。
    The banker made some technical points about the economy in his speech.銀行家在他的關(guān)于經(jīng)濟的演說中提出了幾個很專業(yè)的論點。
    transaction, transition, transmission, transformation, transfer
    這是一組在考研和CET-6中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的形近易混詞。
    transaction n.交易行為,處理。
    Transactions of shares on the stock exchange were up today.
    今天證券交易所的股票成交額上升了。
    transition n. (從一種情況到另一種的)過渡,更替。
    The transition from high school to college can be difficult for students.對于學生來說,從中學到大學的過渡會是困難的。
    transmission n.傳播(比如疾病)廣播。
    The transmission of germs can occur by contact, breathing, and eating.細菌過接觸、呼吸和飲食傳播。
    transformation n. (外觀或性質(zhì)的)改變,改觀,轉(zhuǎn)變。
    His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.他結(jié)婚之后性格判若兩人。
    transfer n.轉(zhuǎn)移,轉(zhuǎn)讓(工作的)調(diào)動(旅途中的)換乘,改變路線。
    The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked a transfer.這個足球俱樂部的守門員在此過得不愉快,已經(jīng)要求轉(zhuǎn)會到其他俱樂部。
    2021考研英語:精品詞匯的辨析(8)
    hypercritical, hypocritical
    hypercritical a.吹毛求疵的,批評苛刻的。
    He is so hypercritical that he corrects every mistake his students made.他很苛刻,對于學生的每個錯誤都要糾正。
    hypocritical a.虛偽的,偽善的。
    hypocritical behavior偽善的行為
    ignore, neglect, omit, overlook
    這一組動詞都有"忽略"的意思。
    ignore v.忽視,不理睬,指有意識地拒絕。
    She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看見他走過來,但是裝作沒看見。
    neglect v.忽視,忽略,疏忽,指無意識地忽視或忘記。
    He neglected to make repairs in his house.他忘記了修理房子。
    omit v.遺漏,忽略,忘記,指由于疏忽而忘記,也可以表示因不利或不好而被忽略等。
    She omitted several steps in the experiment and it failed.她在實驗中遺漏了幾個步驟,結(jié)果實驗失敗了。
    overlook v.忽略,疏漏,指有意識地遺漏,也可以指無意識地忽略。
    The mother overlooked her little boy's bad behavior.那位母親忽視了她的小兒子的不良行為。
    imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
    imaginable a.可想象的,往往作后置定語,所修飾的名詞前常加all,every,only或形容詞的高級。
    In her painting, she has used every color imaginable.在她的繪畫中,她用了所以可以想象的到的色彩。
    imaginary a.虛構(gòu)的,想象中的。
    The child has an imaginary friend.那個孩子有個假想中的朋友。
    imaginative a.富于想象力的。
    an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家
    imitate, intimate, intimidate
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    imitate v.模仿,仿效復制,仿造。
    The boy imitates his father's way of talking.那個男孩模仿他父親說話的樣子。
    intimate a.親密的溫馨的,舒適的。
    We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.我們自年輕時代起就建立了親密的友誼。
    intimidate v.恐嚇,威脅。
    An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.一個年齡大一點的男孩恐嚇那些小孩子,并且搶走了他們的午飯錢。
    imperial, imperious
    imperial a.帝國的,帝王的帝王般的,威嚴的英制的(非公制的度量衡制,如磅,加侖,品脫等)。
    the imperial guards帝國衛(wèi)士
    imperious a.傲慢的,專橫的。
    The strict father showed an imperious attitude toward his children.那個嚴厲父親對孩子的態(tài)度很專橫。
    imply, infer
    imply v. (從言語或態(tài)度中)暗示,暗指(某種事情)。
    The Secretary of the Treasury implied that interest rates would go down.財政大臣暗示利率將下降。
    infer v. (根據(jù)已知事實)推斷,推理。
    I infer from your smile that you are happy.從你的笑容可以看出你很高興。
    industrial, industrious
    這是一組形近易混詞。
    industrial a.工業(yè)的,產(chǎn)業(yè)的,來自于名詞industry。
    Industrial production is up this year but agriculture is weak.今年的工業(yè)產(chǎn)值上升了,但是農(nóng)業(yè)依然薄弱。
    industrious a.勤奮的,忙碌的。
    She started her own business and is now very industrious.她自己開了一家公司,因此很忙碌。
    initial, original, primitive
    initial a.開始的,最初的,強調(diào)處于事物的起始階段,也可以指位于開頭地方的。
    My initial good opinion of him changed with time.時間長了我對他最初的好印象改變了。
    original a.最初的,最早的原版的,原物的。指按順序是首位的,在此前不再有更為原始的同類的東西也指原件的,原物的,非仿造的東西。
    This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.就是在這架鋼琴上,這位作曲家創(chuàng)作出了他的一些偉大的作品。
    primitive a.原始的,上古的,早期的,指處于人類生命或事物發(fā)展的早期階段,也可以指自然的或簡樸的。
    Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.原始部落居住在亞馬遜河盆地。