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2021考研英語(yǔ)備考：看閱讀記單詞(二)
Few creations of big technology capturethe imaginationlike giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and droughtthat makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our biddingso fascination. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant damprojects threaten to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn′t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbolof achievement for nations and people striving to assertthemselves. Egypt′s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey′s bid for First World statusincludes the giant Ataturk Dam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprivedEgypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of siltthat it barelygenerates electricity.
And yet, the mythof controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilizedEurope, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troopsin their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even more wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisorssay the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmentaldestruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed
Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectricpower and flood control and irrigationare possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don’t need a dam to be saved.
譯文
在重大技術(shù)所創(chuàng)造的東西中，很少有能像大型水壩這樣能體現(xiàn)人的想象力的。或許是因?yàn)槿祟?lèi)長(zhǎng)期遭受洪澇和干旱的襲擊，使得人類(lèi)制服洪水的愿望更加令人興奮不已。但是令人著迷，有時(shí)也會(huì)使人盲目。有些巨型大壩的項(xiàng)目就有著弊大于利的危險(xiǎn)。
建造大壩的教訓(xùn)是：大的并不一定總是美的。但是這無(wú)法阻止想要修建高大雄偉的大壩來(lái)顯示那些力爭(zhēng)得到自我肯定的國(guó)家和人民當(dāng)作偉大成就的象征。埃及在阿拉伯世界的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位由建造阿斯旺大壩而鞏固。土耳其為了力爭(zhēng)成為世界一流的國(guó)家，也包括修建了巨大的阿塔特克大壩。
但是大壩并沒(méi)有如預(yù)期的那樣發(fā)揮作用。例如阿斯旺大壩，它阻止了尼羅河洪水的泛濫，但也使得埃及失去了洪水離去后所留下的肥沃土壤——換回來(lái)的是一個(gè)疾病滋生的大水庫(kù)?，F(xiàn)在整個(gè)水庫(kù)填滿了淤泥，幾乎不能發(fā)電。
然而控制水的不切實(shí)際的想法仍在繼續(xù)。本周，在文明的歐洲中心，斯洛伐克人和匈牙利人為了多瑙河上的一處水壩引發(fā)爭(zhēng)端，幾乎差點(diǎn)動(dòng)用了軍隊(duì)。這個(gè)大型的工程可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)所有大壩上的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題。但斯洛伐克正在力圖從捷克脫離而獨(dú)立，現(xiàn)在它需要建一個(gè)大壩來(lái)證明自己的實(shí)力。
與此同時(shí)，在印度，世界銀行已經(jīng)貸款來(lái)建造問(wèn)題繁多的納爾黙達(dá)大壩。盡管世界銀行的顧問(wèn)指出，該大壩將給百姓帶來(lái)苦難，并且也會(huì)破壞周邊的環(huán)境，但銀行已經(jīng)這樣實(shí)行了。這些利益歸有權(quán)勢(shì)者所有，但是這種利益也是沒(méi)有保障的。
對(duì)于水壩的影響以及水壩治水的成本和收益進(jìn)行正確而科學(xué)的研究，能夠有效地解決這些沖突。即使不興建大型水壩，水利發(fā)電、治理洪水以及灌溉也是可能的，不一定非得建大壩。但是當(dāng)你面對(duì)那些不切實(shí)際的神話時(shí)，你就很難做到合理和科學(xué)了。現(xiàn)在該是世界吸取阿斯旺大壩教訓(xùn)的時(shí)候了。我們未必非要通過(guò)大壩來(lái)拯救自己。
詞匯
assert vt. 主張, 堅(jiān)稱(chēng), 斷言
例句：You must assert yourself or they will continue to bully you. 你必須維護(hù)自己的權(quán)利，否則他們還會(huì)欺負(fù)你。
詞組：assert oneself堅(jiān)持自己的權(quán)利; 表現(xiàn)自己的權(quán)威
同義詞：affirm declare insist on pronounce state
Advisor n. 顧問(wèn), 勸告者, 指導(dǎo)教師
例句：His amiability condemns him to being a constant advisor to other people's troubles.他那和藹可親的性格使他成為經(jīng)常為他人排憂解難的開(kāi)導(dǎo)者。
bidding n. 命令, 邀請(qǐng), 出價(jià)
例句：He was bidding for popular support. 他在設(shè)法爭(zhēng)取大眾的支持。
詞組：at one's bidding/at sb.'s bidding 依囑,遵命do one's bidding/do sb.'s bidding照……的命令做, 照……的話辦
barely ad. 幾乎不