考研英語備考很多事情都要提上日程了,看看哪些是該注意的,下面由出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)小編為你精心準(zhǔn)備了“2021考研英語:構(gòu)建詞匯量的兩大方法”,持續(xù)關(guān)注本站將可以持續(xù)獲取更多的考試資訊
2021考研英語:構(gòu)建詞匯量的兩大方法
These are some methods for improving and building vocabulary as you grow in your language skills.
隨著你語言能力的發(fā)展,下面這些方法都可以用來改善和構(gòu)建你的詞庫。
1.Choose a specific theme for building vocabulary
一、選擇一個(gè)特定的主題來構(gòu)建詞匯量
When building vocabulary, you can guide yourself by focusing on a specific theme for the words you're learning. Pick a context or a specific topic -- say, sports, or words associated with feelings -- then study words related to that topic.
在構(gòu)建詞匯量時(shí),你可以引導(dǎo)自己專注于某個(gè)特定的主題來學(xué)習(xí)單詞。選擇一個(gè)背景或特定的話題--比如,運(yùn)動(dòng)或與感受相關(guān)的詞匯 - 再學(xué)習(xí)與該話題相關(guān)的詞匯。
Words describing emotions is an interesting choice, for instance, as it includes words like enthusiastic and excited. The category of sports words, on the other hand, includes exciting words like throw, spin, or marathon.
描述的情感的詞匯是一個(gè)有趣的選擇。例如,它包含了像enthusiastic(熱情)和excited(興奮)之類的單詞。另一方面,運(yùn)動(dòng)類別的詞匯,包括像throw(擲),spin(旋轉(zhuǎn)),或marathon(馬拉松)之類等令人激動(dòng)的詞語。
You could also study “travelling around town” words like sidewalk, intersection, or pavement; or words related to everyday life, like foods available at the supermarket. You could even study words about school work!
你也可以學(xué)習(xí)在鎮(zhèn)上旅游之類的詞語,像人行道,十字路口,或者路面;或與日常生活中相關(guān)的單詞,比如,超市里可見的食物。甚至你可以學(xué)習(xí)與學(xué)校作業(yè)有關(guān)的單詞!
Whatever theme you pick, create stories in your mind and speak them aloud using words related to that theme.
無論你選擇何種主題,在腦子里編一個(gè)故事,再以與那個(gè)主題相關(guān)的單詞大聲地說出來。
2.Tips for easily memorizing your words
二、輕松記憶單詞的技巧
When you have settled on vocabulary words, write them down or print them out. Carry the list with you always. In the pauses of your busy day-when you're sitting on the bus, in the dentist's office, during commercials-take out the paper and review your vocabulary words until you feel comfortable that you would recognize (and be able to use) these words the next time you see them. Use sticky notes and put them on computers, on cupboards, and other places you're likely to see them, as a reminder.
當(dāng)你選中了單詞,把它們寫出來或者打印出來。隨時(shí)隨地?cái)y帶在身邊。在繁忙的一天中的休息時(shí)間里--當(dāng)你在公交車上,在牙科診所,在宣傳期間--拿出小紙條,復(fù)習(xí)一下單詞直到你覺得自己下次看到的時(shí)候能認(rèn)識(并能夠使用)。使用便利貼,把它們粘在計(jì)算機(jī)上,櫥柜上,和其他你容易看到的地方,作為一種提醒。
Try jumbling the letters of your vocabulary words up, then unscrambling them to form the word again. Work with the words until you are very comfortable using them in sentences on your own.
試著把你的詞匯表中的單詞混在一起,梳理之后再形成單詞。好好學(xué)習(xí)這些單詞直到你自己能自如地運(yùn)用在句子中。
Remembering the words is very important! How do we do this? Try to associate each word with a picture or some other representation in your mind. This will help you remind yourself of the word's meaning. You don't have to actually draw or see this picture -- you can use your imagination to create suitable images!
記住單詞是非常重要的事!我們要怎么做到這一點(diǎn)呢?盡量將每個(gè)單詞與一幅圖片或其他能在你腦海中浮現(xiàn)的東西聯(lián)系起來。這將幫助你記憶這個(gè)詞的意思。你不必實(shí)際描繪或看到這幅圖片--你可以用你的想象力創(chuàng)造出合適的圖像!
It's also important to not try to learn more than 7-10 new words in a day. Generally, it's safer to aim for 5-6 words a day for better retention. This, of course, depends on how much time you have each day for studying vocabulary.
請記住,每天試著學(xué)習(xí)的新單詞不要超過7-10。一般情況下,將每天的目標(biāo)定為5-6個(gè)新單詞更為安全,這樣記憶效果更好。當(dāng)然,這取決于你每天有多少時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)詞匯。
2021考研英語備考:詞匯需要關(guān)聯(lián)記憶
一、來看下面一道題
1. The oppressed freedom.
A. Demand B. require C. request
這道題應(yīng)該是很多人看完都想撞墻的那種,因?yàn)榇鸢付加小耙螅枨蟆钡囊馑?。那選哪一個(gè)呢?我門來看一下英漢詞典對這三個(gè)單詞的解讀:
demand:ask for firmly, unwilling to accept a refusal.強(qiáng)烈地要求,并不情愿接受拒絕
require:the ruler set a rule with the expectation that it will be obeyed.統(tǒng)治者期望自己的命令規(guī)定會(huì)被遵守。(如老師要求你完成作業(yè),老板要求你完成工作)
request:ask for politely.禮貌地要求
那么當(dāng)我們看到這里的時(shí)候,心里就明白了。答案為A。其實(shí)這種類型的詞匯題在考研當(dāng)中會(huì)有出現(xiàn),特別是在完型填空里。那么這也在告訴我們準(zhǔn)備考研詞匯時(shí),那些詞義相近的單詞,我們應(yīng)該記到哪種程度。很多人會(huì)問,那我怎么知道精確到如此的單詞含以上的差別呢。這里強(qiáng)烈推薦大家身邊有一本牛津字典,因?yàn)槟抢镉杏⑽淖⑨?。而英文注釋恰恰是解決詞義辨析的殺手锏。
除了查字典之外,我覺得這樣的問題還能通過一種方式來解決。哪種方式呢?例句。
二、還是讓我們來看一道考研真題
The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of education.(2008 use of English)
A. Assessing B. supervising C. administering D. Valuing
在這里根據(jù)句義很快排除了B和C,但是A和D的意思似乎又撞架了。其實(shí),如果仔細(xì)再看一遍題干的話,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)結(jié)合上下語境,這里要填充的意思應(yīng)是“重視教育的根深蒂固的傳統(tǒng)”,所以只要找出具有“重視”含義的選項(xiàng)即可,但是似乎選項(xiàng)里沒有這樣的單詞。其實(shí),如果我們?nèi)ゲ殚喿值涞脑?,VALUE當(dāng)動(dòng)詞講的時(shí)候具有“重視”的意思。其實(shí)這就是我們一直強(qiáng)調(diào)的考研中的“熟詞僻意”現(xiàn)象。這種單詞比比皆是,越是簡單的初高中詞匯,在考研里考的越不是我們想當(dāng)然的意思,而是我們忽略掉的生僻義。
所以我們在準(zhǔn)備考研5500的時(shí)候,除了2500個(gè)四六級高難度詞匯外,那3000個(gè)初高中詞匯也不能小覷。我們需要注意的是這些單詞的陌生意思。
三、即使容顏已改,“詞”心依舊
其實(shí),這種情況說明白了就是同義詞的考察,在這里并不是說會(huì)像雅思,托福,GRE那樣專門以同義詞的題型考察大家。而是融合在考研的多種題型里,特別是在閱讀題里會(huì)以一種隱性的形式考察。讓我們來看一道考題:
39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” in paragraph 7?
A.Bold B. Harmful C. Careless D. Desperate
(2002 text4)
這是2002年第四篇閱讀的一道詞義選擇題。雖然,閱讀題的解答在很大程度上取決于考生對文章的理解,但有時(shí)過硬的詞匯基本功也能幫我們解決不少難題甚至是節(jié)省時(shí)間。像這里,如果考生認(rèn)識Bold這個(gè)詞,知道它有“不計(jì)后果的魯莽,草率,大膽”等意思的話,會(huì)直接選擇答案A。其實(shí)很多時(shí)候詞義選擇題就是爛俗的同義詞替換,但是這也只是閱讀題中考察同義詞最為淺顯的方式。我們知道占到考研閱讀百分之七十的細(xì)節(jié)題以及一部分推理題的解題關(guān)鍵就在于同意替換。那么同意替換的是什么呢?其實(shí)選項(xiàng)中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一個(gè)詞或是詞組恰恰是文中關(guān)鍵信息中某個(gè)詞或詞組的替換。還是來看一道考研真題:22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War Ⅱ were characterized by
Free themes B. casual style C. elaborate layout
Radical viewpoints
這是2010年text1中的一道考題,在閱讀完題干后,我們根據(jù)“World War Ⅱ”定位到二段首句:we are even farther removed from unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World war Ⅱ ,…
在這句話中,如果我們稍加留意,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這里出現(xiàn)了“unfocused沒有焦點(diǎn)的,沒有重點(diǎn)的”這個(gè)直接修飾newspaper reviews的形容詞,那么根據(jù)選項(xiàng),只有答案A最符合題意。像這樣的情況,可以說在考研閱讀題中比比皆是。所以,在考研單詞的復(fù)習(xí)中,對于同義詞的組記也是至關(guān)重要的。
2021考研英語:語法知識點(diǎn)的原則解析
【例題1】They will take home not the problems of science and technology, the benefit.
A.except B. nor C. or D. but
解析:根據(jù)空格兩端內(nèi)容信息判定,它們之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此選D。
【例題2】Misunderstanding is oftenbutsometimes serious.
A.filling B. surprising C. anxious D. amusing
解析:通過but可以判斷空的位置與已知表語形容詞serious之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此選D。
具體體現(xiàn)形式列舉:
1)名詞與名詞并列:
Time and tide wait for no man.時(shí)不我待。
2)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞并列:
He never smokes or drinks.他從不抽煙,也不喝酒。
3)形容詞與形容詞并列:
Tom is healthy and handsome.湯姆既健康又英俊。
4)介賓短語與介賓短語并列:
Virtue dwells not in the tongue but in the heart.看人看心不看嘴。
5)從句與從句并列:
I know that he has been arrested and that he is in prison.我知道他已經(jīng)被捕并且進(jìn)了監(jiān)獄。
6)句子與句子并列:
She looks very young, but she is already in her 30’s.她看上去很年輕,可是她已三十多歲了。
It never rains but it pours.禍不單行。
【補(bǔ)充】并列連詞and, but, as well as, or, or else, both…and, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but(also), rather than, as…as等以及從屬連詞than可連接兩個(gè)對等的詞和對等的結(jié)構(gòu)。
1)所連接的謂語形式必須一致
【例句】He went shopping, bought some gifts and visited his old friend.
2)所連接的詞或短語形式必須一致
【例句】Your success is based not only on what achievement you make, but also on what you are.
3)連接的非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式必須一致
【例句】People find eating vegetables more healthy than fasting.
4)所連接的句子結(jié)構(gòu)必須一致
【例句】My girlfriend is pleased with what I have said and all that I have done.
英語表達(dá)中有一個(gè)不成文的原則,叫作避免重復(fù)原則。比方說在并列句中,并列連詞左右兩邊的部分,在內(nèi)容上有重復(fù)的,一般后面的部分要省略掉重復(fù)的內(nèi)容。但是兩邊部分的內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)一定是對稱的和平衡的。今天講的“do but do”原則就是并列句中的一種典型句式,希望對大家有幫助。

