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2021考研英漢翻譯：分詞短語解析
一、現(xiàn)在分詞短語
現(xiàn)在分詞短語必須放在所修飾名詞的后面，它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)包含一般時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)謂語的從句(完成分詞不能這樣用)：
It is a question puzzling many people.
He was a businessman growing rich in recent years.
(比較：He is a growing boy.)
The gentleman talking so loudly is my uncle.
(比較：Can you read her talking eyes?)
The lady visiting us from time to time taught us French. will be vicious. by her husband called on me one day. (帶有副詞短語)
I drink water boiled at least ten minutes.
Book called the comics may be harmful to children. when they are yong will become good citizens. by so many students.
The text-book being used in this school is Let Us Learn French.
c)前面帶as的分詞
連詞as可以用在分詞前面
The news as arriving .
The results as proclaimed in today's newspaper are encouraging.
His ability as displayed during the last three months was inadequate.
I will tell you a story as told by my mother.
b.作主語補(bǔ)語的分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以用在is,was,grow,feel這類系動(dòng)詞后做補(bǔ)語(亦稱表語)。由于它們修飾解釋主語，可以稱作主語補(bǔ)語：
It is interesting .(這些表示情緒的現(xiàn)在分詞這里用作純粹的形容詞，盡管看起來像謂語動(dòng)詞，卻不是謂語動(dòng)詞。)
He was interested . 這些表示情緒的過去分詞，這里也是用作純粹的形容詞。)
She is very delighted . .
He appears pretending .
It looks decayed .
He remains unsatisfied; the matter remains unsettled and untouched.
His illness continued unchanged.
He became excited .
He got scolded.
He grew tired of life.
The situation proves encouraging.
c.作賓語補(bǔ)語的分詞
分詞也可用在see,hear,set,make,keep這類賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞后，作賓語的補(bǔ)語，修飾或談及賓語的情況，他們稱為賓語補(bǔ)語。它們?nèi)跃哂袆?dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有賓語、補(bǔ)語及修飾語。另外，如果這些賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞表示感官作用，它們可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榧拔飫?dòng)詞，同時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞可以變成that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞：
I saw him(賓語) running(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)) off.
I found those people(賓語) working(現(xiàn)在分詞) hard.
They heard her singing.
Did you notice that fellow stealing it?
I saw the thief caught by policemen.
Do your own yourself defeated?
He declared himself satisfied.
I must see everything done properly.
I found everything changed.
如果賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞不表示感官作用，分詞則不能變?yōu)閠hat從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞：
He left his children playing in the street.
The joke set all of them laughing.
They must keep the pot boiling.
I have kept you waiting a long time.
He sent the ball flying.
They caught him doing evil.
I can't make myself understood.
His actions make him respected, but not his words.
I have a house built on the mountain.
Please get thie luggage carried into the room.
分詞也可由being 開始：
He watched the pictures being hung on the wall.
I found myself being looked after by ten servants.
在某些賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞后，現(xiàn)在分詞前可加連詞as:
He described the city as expressing the modern idea of speed.
He quoted Confucius as saying this.
He recorded the movement as beginning a new era.
He accepted me as having seen much of the world.
The results show their lessons as having been neglected.
He looked upon the accident as being caused by a grave misunderstanding.
在個(gè)別動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)后也可帶as的分詞短語：
The story was told as having happened to himself.
An old man was represented as standing among his sons.
I was given a dictionary as being the best students.
d.作解釋性修飾語得分詞
作為解釋性修飾語，它常常放在主語后面或前面，由逗號把它和主語分開，就像一個(gè)作狀語的分詞一樣。但是作狀語的分詞可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步等，可改為一個(gè)狀語從句，并修飾謂語動(dòng)詞。作解釋性修飾語的分詞若說明伴隨的情況時(shí)，不能變?yōu)闋钫Z從句，這時(shí)對主語的說明多于對謂語的說明。對下面兩對句子加以比較，就可看出這兩種用法的差別：
Gasping and excited,Richard aroused suspicion.
Gasping and excited,Richard arrived home.
Not seen by anyone,David stole the watch.
Not seen by anyone, David ran past.
下面是一些包含有解釋性修飾語的句子：
Shivering and greatly ashamed, Lilian lowered her head.
Starving, John wandered about.
Kneeling and shutting her eyes, Mary prayed to the goddess.
Bleeding and fainting, he waited for the ambulance.
Closing the door, he shut out the beggar.
Shouting aloud, he called to me.
Walking along the bank, the poet sang a sorrowful song.
Dressed in while, she suddenly appeared.
Supported by his sons, the old man came out.
這些分詞放在主語后時(shí)最不強(qiáng)調(diào)，放在句末時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)意義最明顯
Richard,gasping and excited, arrived home.
David, not seen by anyone, ran past.
Mary, kneeling and shutting her eyes, prayed to the goddess.