耶魯大學(xué)創(chuàng)辦于1701年，是美國最頂尖的私立研究型大學(xué)之一，目前在QS大學(xué)排名中位列世界第十六位。耶魯大學(xué)的基本概況是怎樣的呢?和出國留學(xué)網(wǎng)來看看吧。
一、關(guān)于耶魯大學(xué)
Yale University is a large research university with a wide array of programs, departments, schools, centers, museums, and many affiliated organizations.
1.Fall 2015 Enrollment
| Division | Male | Female | Total | % International* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yale College | 2,809 | 2,696 | 5,505 | 11% |
| Special (Degree & Non-Degree) | 21 | 6 | 27 | 4% |
| Graduate School of Arts & Sciences | 1,505 | 1,353 | 2,858 | 35% |
Professional School Programs | ||||
| Architecture | 96 | 98 | 194 | 28% |
| Art | 62 | 65 | 127 | 26% |
| Divinity | 188 | 147 | 335 | 13% |
| - Institute of Sacred Music | 18 | 17 | 35 | 6% |
| Drama | 87 | 107 | 194 | 18% |
| Forestry & Environmental Studies | 110 | 190 | 300 | 29% |
| Law | 362 | 308 | 670 | 13% |
| Management | 498 | 284 | 782 | 42% |
| M.D. | 246 | 212 | 458 | 12% |
| Music | 106 | 80 | 186 | 44% |
| - Institute of Sacred Music | 19 | 9 | 28 | 18% |
| Nursing | 45 | 267 | 312 | 3% |
| Physician Associate | 32 | 78 | 110 | 3% |
| Public Health | 81 | 183 | 264 | 25% |
| Professional School Programs Total | 1,950 | 2,045 | 3,995 | 22% |
| Total University | 6,295 | 6,100 | 12,385 | 20% |
* Students pursuing degrees in the fields of engineering and applied science are enrolled in either Yale Total research expenditures including all restricted College or in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
“International” excludes U.S. citizens and and unrestricted funds from all sources: $550.9 Million students who have permanent resident status.
Institute of Sacred Music students are listed in brackets for information only as they are enrolled in either the Divinity School or the School of Music.
Enrollment figures for each school include only those students paying tuition to that school in the fall term.
耶魯大學(xué)是一所大型的研究型大學(xué)，有眾多的課程、部門、學(xué)院、中心、博物館和附屬機構(gòu)。以下的數(shù)據(jù)信息將可以讓你對耶魯大學(xué)概況有一個了解。
1.注冊學(xué)生人數(shù)：以2015年秋季注冊為例
| 部門/學(xué)院 | 男生 | 女生 | 總計 | 國際學(xué)生占比（%） * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 耶魯學(xué)院 | 2,809 | 2,696 | 5,505 | 11% |
| 特殊部門 (學(xué)問和非學(xué)位) | 21 | 6 | 27 | 4% |
| 文理研究生院 | 1,505 | 1,353 | 2,858 | 35% |
| 職業(yè)學(xué)院課程 | ||||
| 建筑 | 96 | 98 | 194 | 28% |
| 藝術(shù) | 62 | 65 | 127 | 26% |
| 神學(xué) | 188 | 147 | 335 | 13% |
| - 圣樂學(xué)院 | 18 | 17 | 35 | 6% |
| 戲劇 | 87 | 107 | 194 | 18% |
| 林學(xué)與環(huán)境研究 | 110 | 190 | 300 | 29% |
| 法律 | 362 | 308 | 670 | 13% |
| 管理 | 498 | 284 | 782 | 42% |
| 醫(yī)學(xué)博士 | 246 | 212 | 458 | 12% |
| 音樂 | 106 | 80 | 186 | 44% |
| - 圣樂學(xué)院 | 19 | 9 | 28 | 18% |
| 護理 | 45 | 267 | 312 | 3% |
| 助理醫(yī)師 | 32 | 78 | 110 | 3% |
| 公共衛(wèi)生 | 81 | 183 | 264 | 25% |
| 職業(yè)學(xué)院課程總計 | 1,950 | 2,045 | 3,995 | 22% |
| 總計 | 6,295 | 6,100 | 12,385 | 20% |
* 攻讀工程和應(yīng)用科學(xué)領(lǐng)域?qū)W位的學(xué)生注冊耶魯總研究經(jīng)費包括所有限制性學(xué)院，或注冊文理研究生院。
國際學(xué)生不包括美國公民學(xué)生。所有來源的非限制性資金：5億50090萬學(xué)生具備永久居民身份。
圣樂學(xué)院學(xué)生的信息在只在他們注冊神學(xué)院或音樂學(xué)院的情況下才被用括號列出。
每個學(xué)院的注冊數(shù)據(jù)只包括在秋季學(xué)期向?qū)W院支付學(xué)費的學(xué)生。
2.International Students
20% are international students*
118 countries are represented
Countries most represented: China, Canada, Germany, India, South Korea, and the United Kingdom
3.Yale College Student Body Characteristics
84% of undergraduates live in university housing.
99% of freshmen return for their sophomore year.
95% graduate within five years; 97% graduate within six years.
94% are from out-of-state (including nonresident aliens).
The average age of an undergraduate is 20.
808 students (regular and summer term) studied abroad in 2014-15.
4.Freshmen Class Statistics - Fall 2015
Acceptance Statistics:
# of Applicants: 30,236
% Admitted: 6.7%
# of Matriculants: 1,364
Yield: 68.8%
57% of matriculants came from public high schools.
43% of maticulants came from independent, parochial, and other schools.
10% of matriculants were children of Yale alumni.
11% of matriculants were international students.
Test score ranges (25th to 75th percentiles) for enrolled freshmen:
SAT-Verbal: 720-800
SAT-Math: 710-800
SAT-Writing: 710-790
ACT: 31-35
2.國際學(xué)生相關(guān)信息
占比：20%。
來自國家數(shù)量：118。
最常被代表的國家：中國、加拿大、德國、印度、韓國和英國。
3.耶魯學(xué)院學(xué)生群體構(gòu)成
住在大學(xué)宿舍的本科生占比：84%。
返校讀大二的大一學(xué)生占比：99%。
五年內(nèi)畢業(yè)的學(xué)生占比：99%。
六年內(nèi)畢業(yè)的學(xué)生占比：97%。
州外學(xué)生(包括非居民外國學(xué)生)占比：94%。
本科生平均年齡：20。
2014-2015學(xué)年度(常規(guī)學(xué)期和夏季學(xué)期)在海外學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生人數(shù)：808。
4.新生班相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)：以2015年秋季學(xué)期為例。
錄取數(shù)據(jù)：
申請人數(shù)——30236。錄取比例——6.7%。
被錄取的新生人數(shù)——1,364。未被錄取人數(shù)占比： 68.8%。
來自公立高中的被錄取新生占比：57|%。
來自獨立學(xué)校、教會學(xué)校和其他類型學(xué)校的被錄取新生占比：43%。
耶魯大學(xué)校友子女被錄取人數(shù)占比：10%。
國際學(xué)生被錄取人數(shù)占比：11%。
新生錄取成績分?jǐn)?shù)段(第25到第75個百分位分?jǐn)?shù))：
SAT口語：720-800。SAT數(shù)學(xué)：710-800。SAT寫作：710-790。ACT：31-35。
二、耶魯大學(xué)歷史
Yale has grown and evolved for 300-plus years, passing many milestones and forging traditions along the way.
The university traces its roots to the 1640s when colonial clergymen led an effort to establish a local college to preserve the tradition of European liberal education in the New World. In 1701 the charter was granted for a school “wherein Youth may be instructed in the Arts and Sciences (and) through the blessing of Almighty God may be fitted for Publick employment both in Church and Civil State.”
The school officially became Yale College in 1718, when it was renamed in honor of Welsh merchant Elihu Yale, who had donated the proceeds from the sale of nine bales of goods together with 417 books and a portrait of King George I.
耶魯大學(xué)迄今已有300多年歷史，在這期間，耶魯大學(xué)得到了成長、進化，走過了許多里程碑，在沿途打造了自己的傳統(tǒng)。
耶魯大學(xué)的歷史可追溯到17世紀(jì)40年代。那時，殖民地的神職人員努力在當(dāng)?shù)亟W(xué)校，以便在新大陸將歐洲的文科教育傳統(tǒng)保存下來。1701年，學(xué)校得到了特許，“青年人在這里可以接受文科和理科教育。在萬能的上帝的祝福下，可以在教會和公民社會擔(dān)任職務(wù)?！?/span>
這個學(xué)院在1718年正式成為耶魯學(xué)院。其名稱來源伊利胡·耶魯，是對伊利胡·耶魯?shù)膸啄辍Ｒ晾ひ敒閷W(xué)院捐贈了9捆總價值562英鎊12先令的貨物、417本書以及英王喬治一世的肖像。
1701: Yale is founded in nearby Saybrook, CT as the Collegiate School to educate students for “Publick employment both in Church and Civil State.” In the over 300 years since its founding, Yale has worked to educate those who would become leaders and contributors to every sector of society.
1716: The Collegiate School trustees vote to move to more hospitable New Haven, fulfilling the dream of one of New Haven’s founders, the Reverend John Davenport, to establish a college there.
1718: The Collegiate School is renamed Yale College in recognition of Elihu Yale’s donation of books and goods.
1732: The Reverend George Berkeley establishes the Berkeley Scholarships for graduate study, the first such scholarships in America. Today, Yale College admits all students without regard to their family’s financial circumstances.
1750: Construction is started on Connecticut Hall, now the oldest building in New Haven and a National Historic Landmark. In 1906 a major renovation restored the original gambrel roof.
1757: The first church within a college in America is founded at Yale. During Yale’s first two centuries, Yale graduates influenced the spread of Christianity by serving as missionaries throughout the world.
1767: Construction is completed on the Pierpont House, the oldest surviving house in New Haven. It was used as the Office of Undergraduate Admissions before becoming the Visitor Center in 1995. A thorough restoration was completed in 2002.
1779: British troops invade New Haven, but the student militia rallies to help defend the city. Edmund Fanning, secretary to the British general and Yale graduate (B.A. 1757), persuades the British to leave New Haven without burning the city.
1792: John Trumbull, artist and one-time aide-de-camp to General Washington, develops the Brick Row campus plan, in collaboration with James Hillhouse (B.A. 1773), making Yale the first planned college campus in America. Their plan was well received in New Haven, America’s first planned city.
1802: Considered the father of modern scientific education in America, Benjamin Silliman, Sr. (B.A. 1796, faculty 1799–1853), teaches the first modern science course (chemistry) in the United States.
1701：耶魯在賽布魯克附近以大學(xué)學(xué)院形式成立，初衷是將學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成為適合在教會和公民社會任職的人才。自成立以來，300多年過去了，耶魯一直致力于將學(xué)生培養(yǎng)成領(lǐng)袖和可以為社會各部門做出貢獻的人才。
1716：大學(xué)學(xué)院受托人投票同意將學(xué)院搬到更加適合的紐黑文市，實現(xiàn)了紐黑文締造者之一兼教士的達(dá)文波特的夢想。他的夢想即是在紐黑文建立一所大學(xué)。
1718：為感謝伊利胡·耶魯對耶魯?shù)木栀?書籍和貨物)，大學(xué)學(xué)院重命名為耶魯學(xué)院。
1832：教士喬治·柏克萊為研究生設(shè)立了柏克萊獎學(xué)金，這也是美國的第一個獎學(xué)金。今天，耶魯學(xué)院不基于家庭經(jīng)濟條件，平等錄取所有學(xué)生。
1750：康州會堂動工。如今該會堂是紐黑文最古老的建筑，也是美國的一處國家歷史名勝。1906年該會堂經(jīng)過翻修，以復(fù)原原初的斜折線屋頂。
1757：美國第一座學(xué)院內(nèi)教堂在耶魯成立。在前兩個世紀(jì)里，耶魯大學(xué)畢業(yè)生在世界各地做傳教士，擴大了基督教的影響。
1767： Pierpont House建成。Pierpont House如今成了紐黑文現(xiàn)存最古老的建筑。在1995年成為游客中心以前，這里一直作為耶魯?shù)谋究普猩k公室。2002年P(guān)ierpont House經(jīng)歷了徹底翻修。
1779：英國軍隊入侵紐黑文，學(xué)生民兵聯(lián)合抵抗，保衛(wèi)紐黑文。時任英國將軍兼為耶魯畢業(yè)生的埃德蒙-范寧說服英國軍隊離開紐黑文，使紐黑文免于被焚毀。
1792：藝術(shù)家兼華盛頓將軍副官的約翰·特朗布爾在與詹姆斯希爾豪斯(1773屆文學(xué)學(xué)士)的合作下發(fā)展了磚塊校園計劃，使得耶魯成了美國的第一個規(guī)劃大學(xué)校園。他們的計劃在紐黑文受到熱烈歡迎，后者也是美國的第一座規(guī)劃城市。
1802：美國現(xiàn)代科學(xué)教育之父本杰明·西利曼(1799屆文學(xué)士， 1799–1853在耶魯供職)上了美國第一堂現(xiàn)代科學(xué)課程(化學(xué))。
三、耶魯大學(xué)教研情況
Undergraduate Study
At Yale, we view college as a time for students to explore, exercise curiosity, and discover new interests and abilities.
We provide students with an immersive, collaborative, and inspiring environment where they can develop a broadly informed, highly disciplined intellect that will help them be successful in whatever work they finally choose.
Our students graduate with the values and knowledge they need to pursue meaningful work, find passion in life-long learning, and lead successful and purposeful lives.
Yale College
All undergraduates attend Yale College, an intimate learning environment offering instruction in the liberal arts and sciences.
Undergraduate Research
With access to Yale’s extensive collections and resources, our undergraduates have discovered new species, patented products, and co-authored original research.
International Experiences
There are a variety of global learning opportunities available, from studying abroad to international internships to directed research.
Special Programs
Writing and science programs, directed studies, seminars, and more … students can choose from a number of special academic offerings during their time at Yale.
1.本科學(xué)習(xí)
在本科階段，我們讓學(xué)生探索，運用他們的好奇心，讓他們發(fā)現(xiàn)新的興趣和能力。
我們?yōu)閷W(xué)生提供專注的、合作式的和激發(fā)靈感的環(huán)境。在這樣的環(huán)境里，他們可以培養(yǎng)起廣泛、專業(yè)、高度學(xué)科化的智力能力。無論他們將來最終選擇在哪里工作，這樣的能力都可以幫助他們獲得成功。
我們的學(xué)生在畢業(yè)的時候可以具備相關(guān)價值和知識，從事有意義的工作，找到終身學(xué)習(xí)的熱情，過上成功而目標(biāo)明確的生活。
2.耶魯學(xué)院
所有本科生都在耶魯學(xué)院就讀，這里親密的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境提供文科和理科教育。
3.本科研究
我們的本科生可以使用耶魯大學(xué)提供的廣泛的收藏和資源。在這樣的條件下，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了新物種，有了專利產(chǎn)品，從事著合著的原創(chuàng)性研究。
4.國際經(jīng)歷
這里有各種全球?qū)W習(xí)機會提供給學(xué)生，包括海外學(xué)習(xí)、國際實習(xí)和定向研究。
5.特殊項目
寫作項目、科學(xué)項目、定向研究和研討會，等等。學(xué)生在耶魯大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)期間有許多學(xué)術(shù)項目可以選。
Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Each year, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences welcomes approximately 500 of the world’s most promising scholars to its doctoral programs (2015 Matriculation Ceremony for New Graduate Students(link is external)). These sought-after students choose Yale for the opportunity to study with the Graduate School’s outstanding faculty, and to take advantage of the University’s wide array of academic resources and services.
They also come for the unsurpassed support Yale provides to its Ph.D. students, which allows them to focus on their scholarship, successfully complete their education, and find rewarding careers.
This support starts with outstanding financial aid. Each doctoral student receives an annual stipend ranging from $29,950 to $34,450 to meet living expenses. Not only is this figure highly competitive with our peers, but the considerably lower cost of living in New Haven makes the Yale stipend even more favorable. Tuition ($39,800 for 2016-17) is covered by a tuition fellowship from the graduate school, research grants or national and international fellowships; no Ph.D. student pays tuition.
The Graduate School also pays for comprehensive health care for all students and their families. We know of no other peer school that does this. If the student has a spouse, but no dependent children, Yale pays half the cost of the spouse’s health insurance. For families with children, the Graduate School covers the entire cost of the premiums. A parental support and relief policy provides students with an additional full semester of stipend and healthcare support at the birth or adoption of children.
Over six years, the total cost of support equals nearly $375,000 for a single Ph.D. student. For a student with a family, the support totals more than $445,000. In humanities and social science programs, most of the funding is from the Graduate School. In the natural sciences, funding is from the Graduate School, external fellowships and faculty research grants.
In the 2015-16 academic year, the total spending for graduate students on these benefits totaled $164 million.
文理研究生院
每年，文理研究生院招收大約五百名世界最有前景的學(xué)生，讓他們來攻讀學(xué)院的博士課程。這些廣受歡迎的學(xué)生之所以選擇耶魯大學(xué)，是因為在這里他們有機會同學(xué)院杰出的教員共事，可以利用耶魯提供的眾多學(xué)術(shù)資源和服務(wù)。
他們來文理研究生院，還因為耶魯為其博士生提供的極為卓越的支持，可以讓他們專注于學(xué)術(shù)，成功完成學(xué)業(yè)，找到薪酬豐厚的工作。
這樣的支持始于豐厚的經(jīng)濟援助。每位博士生都會獲得29,950 美元到34,450美元不等的年度津貼，以滿足生活開銷需求。這樣的津貼數(shù)額在同行競爭中非常有優(yōu)勢，不僅如此，紐黑文十分低廉的生活成本也使得耶魯?shù)慕蛸N更加討人喜歡。學(xué)費(2016-17學(xué)年為39800美元)由研究生院的學(xué)費獎學(xué)金、科研補助金或國內(nèi)和國際獎學(xué)金來支持：沒有哪位博士生需要支付學(xué)費。
除此以外，文理研究生院還為所有學(xué)生和他們的家庭支付全面保健護理費用。這在同行中是找不到例子的。如果你有配偶，還沒有孩子，耶魯大學(xué)會為你的配偶支付一半的健康保險費。對于有多個孩子的學(xué)生家庭，文理研究生院為他們支付所有的保險費用。
父母一方的支持和寬松的政策可以在孩子出生或領(lǐng)養(yǎng)孩子的時候為學(xué)生提供額外的整個學(xué)期津貼和保健護理支持。
在過去六年里，文理研究生院為單身博士生提供的學(xué)費支持總額合約37萬5千美元，為帶一個家人的學(xué)生提供了超過44萬5千美元。人文和社會科學(xué)課程的大部分資金來源于。自然科學(xué)課程資金來源于學(xué)院、外部獎學(xué)金和學(xué)院科研補助金。
在2015-2016學(xué)年度，文理研究生院花在研究生福利上的資金總共為1.64億美元。
四、耶魯大學(xué)校園設(shè)施
1.Robert B. Haas Family Arts Library
Bridging Paul Rudolph Hall and the Jeffrey Loria Center for the History of Art, the Robert B. Haas Family Arts Library houses the former Art & Architecture, Arts of the Book, and Drama library collections, as well as staff and services for the Visual Resources Collection. On-site, the library contains approximately 125,000 volumes, plus related rare and unique materials. Off-site, over 300,000 arts books and periodicals are stored in the Library Shelving Facility for delivery to any Yale Library.
2.Mathematics Library
The Mathematics Library acquires books, conference proceedings, and journals in the area of pure mathematics, mostly at the graduate and research levels. Books are organized by a local classification scheme into the following subject groups: algebra, algebraic geometry, complex variables, conferences, differential equations, differential geometry, Yale dissertations, elementary, festschriften, geometry, history, lives and works, group theory, logic, number theory, physics and applied mathematics, probability, problems, reference, and topology. Journals are shelved in alphabetical order by title.
3.Lillian Goldman Law Library
The Lillian Goldman Law Library is located within the heart of the Yale Law School complex, providing the Law School community with ready access to one of the world's finest collections of printed legal materials. A major goal of the Law School's library is to support the needs of twenty-first-century legal researchers by integrating access to print and online sources throughout the library.
圖書館
1.羅伯特哈斯家族藝術(shù)圖書館
羅伯特哈斯家族圖書館連接保羅·儒道夫會堂和杰弗里羅瑞亞藝術(shù)史中心，擁有前藝術(shù)與建筑、藝術(shù)和戲劇圖書館館藏，為視覺資源提供支持和服務(wù)。線上，該圖書館有大約12萬5千冊藏書，外加相關(guān)的稀有獨特資料。線下，庫貨架處儲藏有30多萬冊可以分發(fā)到任何一個耶魯圖書館的藝術(shù)類書籍和期刊。
2.數(shù)學(xué)圖書館
數(shù)學(xué)圖書館有純粹數(shù)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的書籍、會議論文集和期刊，大多數(shù)都適合研究生和研究員使用。書籍按分類表分成以下主題類別：代數(shù)、代數(shù)幾何、復(fù)變函數(shù)、會議、微分方程、微分幾何、耶魯學(xué)位論文、基礎(chǔ)、紀(jì)念文集、幾何學(xué)、歷史、生活與工作、群論、邏輯、數(shù)論、物理與應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)、概率、參考書目和拓?fù)鋵W(xué)。期刊根據(jù)標(biāo)題按字母順序擺放。
3.莉蓮高曼法學(xué)圖書館
莉蓮高曼法學(xué)圖書館位于耶魯大學(xué)法學(xué)院中心，是世界最好的紙質(zhì)法學(xué)材料收藏條件。法學(xué)圖書館的主要目標(biāo)是為21世紀(jì)法學(xué)研究員提供支持，讓他們可以使用圖書館的紙質(zhì)資源和在線資源。
Yale Center for British Art
Open to students, scholars, and researchers of all types, the Louis I. Kahn-designed Reference Library includes over 30,000 titles and 80+ current periodicals devoted to British art, artists, and culture from the sixteenth century to the present day. The collections include essential reference works on British artists, but also contain resources on British architecture, print and book culture, provenance research, costume, town and county histories, and travel books. The Reference Library maintains a growing and vital collection of art conservation and technical analysis materials and offers a station for viewing DVD recordings of the Center's past lectures and programs.
The Photograph Archive, located within the Reference Library, is a study collection of nearly 200,000 photographic reproductions of works of British art from the sixteenth to the early twentieth century. The archive represents both public and private collections worldwide with a particular focus on collections in the United States, Canada, and Australia and is supplemented by microform holdings of the Witt Library of the Courtauld Institute of Art and the 72-volume Harold Jennings Portraiture Albums.
耶魯英國藝術(shù)中心
參考書閱覽室由路易斯·康設(shè)計，向所有類型的學(xué)生、學(xué)者和研究員開放，有3萬多個標(biāo)題和80多本時下期刊，內(nèi)容涵蓋從16世紀(jì)到21世紀(jì)的英國藝術(shù)、藝術(shù)家和文化。閱覽室不僅有關(guān)于英國藝術(shù)家的重要參考作品，而且包括了英國建筑、印刷與書籍文化、原產(chǎn)地研究、服裝、城鎮(zhèn)歷史和旅游書籍等方面的資源。參考書閱覽室在藝術(shù)保護和技術(shù)分析材料方面的收藏日益增多，也日益重要。此外，閱覽室有關(guān)于耶魯英國藝術(shù)中心過去講座和課程的DVD記錄。
位于參考書閱覽室內(nèi)的攝影檔案室則收藏了關(guān)于英國藝術(shù)的將近20萬張照片，期間跨度從16世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)初。檔案室收藏有世界各地的公共照片和私人照片，國家主要集中在美國、加拿大和澳大利亞，并有科陶德藝術(shù)學(xué)院惠特圖書館提供的縮微復(fù)制品和72卷的Harold Jennings 肖像畫專輯做補充。
五、著名校友
諾貝爾獎得主
經(jīng)濟學(xué)家嘉林·庫普曼斯
細(xì)胞生物學(xué)家喬治·柏拉德
物理學(xué)家默里·蓋爾曼
微生物學(xué)家約翰·恩德斯
物理學(xué)家歐內(nèi)斯特·勞倫斯
生理學(xué)家迪金森·理查茲
遺傳學(xué)家喬舒亞·萊德伯格
生物化學(xué)家愛德華·塔特姆
物理學(xué)家小威利斯·蘭姆
物學(xué)家悉尼·奧爾特曼
美國總統(tǒng)
第27任總統(tǒng)威廉·霍華德·塔夫脫
第38任總統(tǒng)杰拉爾德·福特
第41任總統(tǒng)喬治·赫伯特·沃克·布什
第42任總統(tǒng)比爾·克林頓
第43任總統(tǒng)小布什