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中秋節(jié)習(xí)俗英文版
篇一
古代有“秋暮夕月”的習(xí)俗。夕月，即祭拜月神。設(shè)大香案，擺上月餅、西瓜、蘋果、紅棗、李子、葡萄等祭品，其中月餅和西瓜是絕對(duì)不能少的。西瓜還要切成蓮花狀。在月下，將月亮神像放在月亮的那個(gè)方向，紅燭高燃，全家人依次拜祭月亮，然后由當(dāng)家主婦切開(kāi)團(tuán)圓月餅。切的人預(yù)先算好全家共有多少人，在家的，在外地的，都要算在一起，不能切多也不能切少，大小要一樣。
In ancient times the "On the eve of Autumn Twilight" practices. On the eve of that worship Goddess. Set large incense table, put the moon cake, watermelons, apples, dates, plums, grapes other offerings, moon cake and watermelon is definitely not small. Also cut into the lotus-shaped watermelon. Under the month, the moon god on the moon that direction, Candle high burning the whole family followed by worship the moon, then the charge of the housewife cut happy moon cake. Pre-cut people who count the number of good family, at home, in the field should count together, can not cut more and no cut less the same size.
中秋祭月
在我國(guó)是一種十分古老的習(xí)俗。據(jù)史書記載，早在周朝，古代帝王就有春分祭日、夏至祭地、秋分祭月、冬至祭天的習(xí)俗。其祭祀的場(chǎng)所稱為日壇、地壇、月壇、天壇。分設(shè)在東南西北四個(gè)方向。北京的月壇就是明清皇帝祭月的地方?！抖Y記》記載：“天子春朝日，秋夕月。朝日之朝，夕月之夕。”這里的夕月之夕，指的正是夜晚祭祀月亮。這種風(fēng)俗不僅為宮廷及上層貴族所奉行，隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，也逐漸影響到民間。
On the Mid-Autumn Festival in China is a very ancient custom. According to historical records, as early as the Chou dynasty, the ancient kings had the sun in the vernal equinox, summer solstice Jide, Autumnal Equinox Festival month, the winter solstice Heaven customs. Their place of worship called on the altar to altar, on the altar, the Temple of Heaven. Grouped in the four corners. Beijing, the Ming and Qing emperors on the altar is the place on Festival. "Book of Rites" reads: "Son of Heaven spring Asahi, Qiu Xi months. DPRK and the DPRK, on the eve of the eve." On the eve of the eve of here, that means it is night worship the moon. This custom has not only pursued by the court and the upper nobility, with the development of society has gradually affected the folk
民間拜月
相傳古代齊國(guó)丑女無(wú)鹽，幼年時(shí)曾虔誠(chéng)拜月，長(zhǎng)大后，以超群品德入宮，但未被寵幸。某年八月十五賞月，天子在月光下見(jiàn)到她，覺(jué)得她美麗出眾，后立她為皇后，中秋拜月由此而來(lái)。月中嫦娥，以美貌著稱，故少女拜月，愿“貌似嫦娥，面如皓月”。
On rumored ancient folk worship ugly no salt, pious worship during childhood on, grow up to superior moral palace, but do not drive. A full moon on August 15, Son of Heaven to see her in the moonlight, feeling that her beauty is outstanding, after she was Queen, Mid-Autumn Festival on the resulting worship. Mid-Chang, to beauty, known for young girls worship it on, willing to "look like the goddess of the moon, face as bright moon."
文人賞月
賞月的風(fēng)俗來(lái)源于祭月，嚴(yán)肅的祭祀變成了輕松的歡娛。民間中秋賞月活動(dòng)約始魏晉時(shí)期，但未成習(xí)。到了唐代，中秋賞月、玩月頗為盛行，許多詩(shī)人的名篇中都有詠月的詩(shī)句。待到宋時(shí)，形成了以賞月活動(dòng)為中心的中秋民俗節(jié)日，正式定為中秋節(jié)。與唐人不同，宋人賞月更多的是感物傷懷，常以陰晴圓缺，喻人情事態(tài)，即使中秋之夜，明月的清光也掩飾不住宋人的傷感。
The custom of scholars to celebrate the moon festival from months, serious joyous ritual became easy. Mooncake activities around the beginning of civil Wei and Jin Dynasties, but immature habits. The Tang Dynasty, the Mid-Autumn Festival, Wan Yue prevailed, read by many poets in the poem Ode to the Moon has. Until the time of Song, has formed a full moon in the activity center for the Mid-Autumn Festival Folk Festival, officially designated as Mid-Autumn Festival. And Chinese different from the Song moon is more a sense of things sad, often Teenage moon and new moon, Yu human events, even if moon night, the moon's clear light also could not conceal the Song of sadness
但對(duì)宋人來(lái)說(shuō)，中秋還有另外一種形態(tài)，即中秋是世俗歡愉的節(jié)日：“中秋節(jié)前，諸店皆賣新酒，貴家結(jié)飾臺(tái)榭，民家爭(zhēng)占酒樓玩月，笙歌遠(yuǎn)聞千里，嬉戲連坐至?xí)?rdquo;(《東京夢(mèng)華錄》)。宋代的中秋夜是不眠之夜，夜市通宵營(yíng)業(yè)，玩月游人，達(dá)旦不絕。
But Song, the Mid-Autumn there is another form, that is, the joy of the Mid-Autumn Festival is secular: "Mid-Autumn Festival before, all shops are selling new wine, your family knot Taixie, homes on war accounted for restaurants Wan Yue, carousing heard a thousand miles away, play with sitting to dawn "(" Beautiful Dream to Tokyo "). Song of the Mid-Autumn Festival is a sleepless night, the night market open all night, Wan Yue visitors, Titan is not absolutely
明清之后，因時(shí)代的關(guān)系，社會(huì)生活中的現(xiàn)實(shí)功利因素突出，歲時(shí)節(jié)日中世俗的情趣俞益濃厚，以“賞月”為中心的抒情性與神話性的文人傳統(tǒng)減弱，功利性的祭拜、祈求與世俗的情感、愿望構(gòu)成普通民眾中秋節(jié)俗的主要形態(tài)。因此，“民間拜月”成為人們渴望團(tuán)聚、康樂(lè)和幸福;以月寄情。
Ming and Qing Dynasties, the result of the relationship between age, social life, highlighting the reality of utilitarianism, the festival, in the interests of a strong secular sentiment Yu, to "moon" as the center of the lyric and the myth of the literati tradition weakened, utilitarian worship, pray and secular feelings, aspirations of ordinary people form the main form of popular Mid-Autumn Festival. Therefore, the "civil Praying" become eager to join, recreation and well-being; to always focussed on.
篇二
The joyous Mid-Autumn Festival was celebrated on the fifteenth day of the eighth moon, around the time of the autumn equinox(秋分). Many referred to it simply as the "Fifteenth of the Eighth Moon".
This day was also considered as a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been harvested by this time and food was abundant. Food offerings were placed on an altar set up in the courtyard. Apples, pears, peaches, grapes, pomegranates(石榴), melons, oranges and pomelos(柚子) might be seen. Special foods for the festival included moon cakes, cooked taro(芋頭)and water caltrope(菱角), a type of water chestnut resembling black buffalo horns. Some people insisted that cooked taro be included because at the time of creation, taro was the first food discovered at night in the moonlight. Of all these foods, it could not be omitted from the Mid-Autumn Festival.
The round moon cakes, measuring about three inches in diameter and one and a half inches in thickness, resembled Western fruitcakes in taste and consistency. These cakes were made with melon seeds(西瓜子), lotus seeds(蓮籽), almonds(杏仁), minced meats, bean paste, orange peels and lard(豬油). A golden yolk(蛋黃) from a salted duck egg was placed at the center of each cake, and the golden brown crust was decorated with symbols of the festival. Traditionally, thirteen moon cakes were piled in a pyramid to symbolize the thirteen moons of a "complete year," that is, twelve moons plus one intercalary(閏月的) moon.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional festivity for both the Han and minority nationalities. The custom of worshipping the moon can be traced back as far as the ancient Xia and Shang Dynasties (2000 B.C.-1066 B.C.). In the Zhou Dynasty(1066 B.C.-221 B.C.), people hold ceremonies to greet winter and worship the moon whenever the Mid-Autumn Festival sets in. It becomes very prevalent in the Tang Dynasty(618-907 A.D.) that people enjoy and worship the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279 A.D.), however, people send round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in expression of their best wishes of family reunion . When it becomes dark, they look up at the full silver moon or go sightseeing on lakes to celebrate the festival. Since the Ming (1368-1644 A.D. ) and Qing Dynasties (1644-1911A.D.), the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration becomes unprecedented popular. Together with the celebration there appear some special customs in different parts of the country, such as burning incense(熏香), planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances. However, the custom of playing under the moon is not so popular as it used to be nowadays, but it is not less popular to enjoy the bright silver moon. Whenever the festival sets in, people will look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life or thinking of their relatives and friends far from home, and extending all of their best wishes to them.
Moon Cakes
There is this story about the moon-cake. during the Yuan dynasty (A.D. 1280-1368) China was ruled by the Mongolian people. Leaders from the preceding Sung dynasty (A.D. 960-1280) were unhappy at submitting to the foreign rule, and set how to coordinate the rebellion without being discovered. The leaders of the rebellion, knowing that the Moon Festival was drawing near, ordered the making of special cakes. Backed into each moon cake was a message with the outline of the attack. On the night of the Moon Festival, the rebels successfully attached and overthrew the government. Today, moon cakes are eaten to commemorate this legend and was called the Moon Cake.
For generations, moon cakes have been made with sweet fillings of nuts, mashed red beans, lotus-seed paste or Chinese dates(棗子), wrapped in a pastry. Sometimes a cooked egg yolk can be found in the middle of the rich tasting dessert. People compare moon cakes to the plum pudding and fruit cakes which are served in the English holiday seasons.
Nowadays, there are hundreds varieties of moon cakes on sale a month before the arrival of Moon Festival.
篇三
Mid-Autumn Festival, people are the most important activity is the full moon and eat moon cake up. However, the majority of China's geopolitical large population, different customs, Mid-through method is varied, and with a strong local characteristics.
Fujian Pucheng, the festival woman to walk through the Nanpu Bridge, in order to live longer. When people eat moon cake Longyan, parents will dig two three-inch diameter round cake for the elders to eat in the center, meaning that the secret things I could not let the younger generation know.
Chaozhou in Guangdong have Mid-worship customs, mainly women and children, there is "no moon men, women do not Jizao," the proverb. In the evening, the bright moon rising, the women would set the case when empty prayer worship in the yard, balcony. Candle high fuel, cigarette smoke, the table also filled with good fruit and cakes as a cult.
Jiangsu Province, Wuxi County in the autumn bucket to burn incense. Hong Dou four weeks have silk yarn paste, painted with the moon in the scenery. There are fragrant with incense compiled bucket, paper strips inserted above the dipper and colored flags.
Ji'an County, Jiangxi Province in the Mid-Autumn evening, each village with straw burning crock. After crock red-hot, add the vinegar into it. Then there will be a great, full flavor of the village. When the new county festival, since August 11 night from the suspension through the grass lights, until August 17 only.
Anhui Province, Wuyuan Mid-Autumn Festival, children to heap a hollow brick pagoda. Tower hung with draperies plaque and other decorations, and set a table before the tower, furnishings various King "Tower of God" appliances. Both inside and outside points on the night the candle. Jixi Mid-Autumn Children playing guns. Mid-gun is like straw tied into braids, wet stone and then get up and fight to make tremendous noise and a tour dragon custom. Dragon is the straw tied into the dragon, who inserted incense sticks. There percussion tour flames when peers, traveled to the village after the river.
In addition, Sichuan people eat moon cake festival, but also to fight cake, kill ducks, eat Ma Bing, honey cake.
In the north, Shandong Province in August 15 Ji Qingyun farm soil Ceres, called "Young club."
Wanquan County, Hebei Province, said the Mid-Autumn Festival "Little New Year" Moonlight paper and painted with too Yinxing Jun Guan Di Spring night read like. Hejian County believes in the autumn of and wet if it rains Mid-Autumn Festival, the locals must think poor taste vegetables.
China has more than twenty ethnic minorities Mid-Autumn Festival, but the Festival vary.
Zhuang accustomed to river raft house on rice cakes with worship, girls put the lantern in the water, to measure the lifetime of happiness and beautiful singing "Please month regardless of" folk songs. Gelao in the pre-holiday "Tiger Day" co Quanzhai slaughter a bull, cow heart will stay until the autumn ancestral spirits, orientation Valley, they are known as the "Mid-Autumn Festival."
Li said the Mid-Autumn Festival for "August will" or "tune sound festival." Dance party will be held each town, each village by a "tune sound head" (ie the leader), led by young men and women to participate. After the staff in place, we give each moon cake, sweet cakes, sweet cake, flowers and towels, color fan and vest, in droves, steady stream. At night they gathered in front of a fire, roasted fresh venison, swig wine, launched a grand tune sound antiphonal singing, unmarried youth seeking the opportunity to pick the next partner.
Mid-Autumn Festival to eat taro hair
Wuhua turn Township has a peculiar tradition. The annual Mid-Autumn Festival night, folks every household should steaming pot of skin of taro, when the full moon, after the whole family to eat moon cake to eat taro, taro and peel the skin at the time to say "ghost peel skin." It is said that this one can "evil", the second is to commemorate the popular uprising.
Legend of the late Yuan Dynasty, the Han rulers brutal domination and oppression, for fear of the masses of working people's revolt in every ten working people in it in a court of minions. These guys ferocious people specially monitored daily life, wantonly plundered flesh and blood maim people. They also require each ten households share a kitchen knife, a knife should lend from the hands of whoever minions.
In order to resist these evil minions to do absolutely overthrow the ruling class, there is a wise man thought of a way to contact the public, he dressed businessman selling taro, taro cooked subcutaneous hidden in a note sent to every household demands of the people Mid-Autumn moon at night when unified action to kill all these minions. Finally, the country's popular uprising overthrew the Yuan dynasty's rule.
Later people to commemorate the uprising action, every Mid-Autumn Festival night arrayed cooked taro and fine tea, wine, moon cake, etc., while the full moon while talking about family affairs, and about that long and legendary stories.
譯文
中秋佳節(jié)，人們最主要的活動(dòng)是賞月和吃月餅了。但中國(guó)地緣廣大，人口眾多，風(fēng)俗各異，中秋節(jié)的過(guò)法也是多種多樣，并帶有濃厚的地方特色。
在福建浦城，女子過(guò)中秋要穿行南浦橋，以求長(zhǎng)壽。龍巖人吃月餅時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)會(huì)在中央挖出直徑二三寸的圓餅供長(zhǎng)輩食用，意思是秘密事不能讓晚輩知道。
廣東潮汕各地有中秋拜月的習(xí)俗，主要是婦女和小孩，有“男不圓月，女不祭灶”的俗諺。晚上，皓月初升，婦女們便在院子里、陽(yáng)臺(tái)上設(shè)案當(dāng)空禱拜。紅燭高燃，香煙繚繞，桌上還擺滿佳果和餅食作為祭禮。
江蘇省無(wú)錫縣中秋夜要燒斗香。香斗四周糊有紗絹，繪有月宮中的景色。也有香斗以線香編成，上面插有紙?jiān)目羌安噬浩臁?BR> 江西省吉安縣在中秋節(jié)的傍晚，每個(gè)村都用稻草燒瓦罐。待瓦罐燒紅后，再放醋進(jìn)去。這時(shí)就會(huì)有香味飄滿全村。新城縣過(guò)中秋時(shí)，自八月十一夜起就懸掛通草燈，直至八月十七止。
安徽省婺源中秋節(jié)，兒童以磚瓦堆一中空寶塔。塔上掛以帳幔匾額等裝飾品，又置一桌于塔前，陳設(shè)各種敬“塔神”的器具。夜間則內(nèi)外都點(diǎn)上燈燭?？?jī)溪中秋兒童打中秋炮。中秋炮是以稻草扎成發(fā)辮狀，浸濕后再拿起來(lái)向石上打擊，使之發(fā)出巨響并有游火龍的風(fēng)俗?；瘕埵且缘静菰傻凝?，身上插有香柱。游火龍時(shí)有鑼鼓隊(duì)同行，游遍各村后再送至河中。
四川省人過(guò)中秋除了吃月餅外，還要打粑、殺鴨子、吃麻餅、蜜餅等。
在北方，山東省慶云縣農(nóng)家在八月十五祭土谷神，稱為“青苗社”。
河北省萬(wàn)全縣稱中秋為“小元旦”，月光紙上繪有太陰星君及關(guān)帝夜閱春秋像。河間縣人認(rèn)為中秋雨為苦雨，若中秋節(jié)下雨，當(dāng)?shù)厝藙t認(rèn)為青菜必定味道不佳。
我國(guó)有二十多個(gè)少數(shù)民族也過(guò)中秋節(jié)，但節(jié)俗各異。
壯族習(xí)慣于在河中的竹排房上用米餅拜月，少女在水面放花燈，以測(cè)一生的幸福，并演唱優(yōu)美的《請(qǐng)?jiān)鹿谩访窀?。仡佬族在?jié)前的“虎日”，全寨合宰一頭公牛，將牛心留到中秋夜祭祖靈，迎新谷，他們稱為“八月節(jié)”。
黎族稱中秋節(jié)為“八月會(huì)”或“調(diào)聲節(jié)”。屆時(shí)各集鎮(zhèn)舉行歌舞聚會(huì)，每村由一“調(diào)聲頭”(即領(lǐng)隊(duì))率領(lǐng)男女青年參加。人員到齊后，大家互贈(zèng)月餅、香糕、甜粑、花巾、彩扇和背心，成群結(jié)隊(duì)，川流不息。入夜便聚集在火旁，烤食野味，痛飲米酒，開(kāi)展盛大的調(diào)聲對(duì)歌演唱，未婚青年趁機(jī)挑尋未來(lái)的伴侶。
中秋節(jié)吃毛芋
五華縣轉(zhuǎn)水鎮(zhèn)有一個(gè)奇特的傳統(tǒng)。每年中秋節(jié)晚上，鄉(xiāng)親們每家每戶都要蒸一鍋帶皮的芋頭，在賞月時(shí)，全家人先吃芋頭后吃月餅，并在剝芋皮時(shí)說(shuō)“剝鬼皮”。據(jù)說(shuō)這樣一能“避邪”，二是為了紀(jì)念人民起義。
傳說(shuō)元朝末期，統(tǒng)治者對(duì)漢人進(jìn)行殘酷的統(tǒng)治和壓迫，因害怕廣大勞動(dòng)人民起來(lái)造反，在每十戶勞動(dòng)人民中就駐一個(gè)朝廷的爪牙。這些兇惡的家伙專門監(jiān)視民眾的生活起居，肆意搜刮民脂民膏殘害百姓。他們還規(guī)定每十戶人家共用一把菜刀，誰(shuí)要用刀都要從爪牙手里借出。
為了反抗這些壞事做絕的爪牙，推翻統(tǒng)治階級(jí)，有個(gè)聰明的人想了一個(gè)聯(lián)絡(luò)大眾的辦法，他扮成賣芋頭的商人，在熟芋頭皮下藏著字條送到每家每戶，要求人民在中秋之夜賞月時(shí)統(tǒng)一行動(dòng)，把這些爪牙全部殺掉。最后，全國(guó)各地的人民起義推翻了元朝的統(tǒng)治。
后來(lái)人們?yōu)榱思o(jì)念這次起義行動(dòng)，每逢中秋節(jié)晚上就擺著熟芋頭和細(xì)茶、老酒、月餅等，一邊賞月一邊談?wù)撝沂聡?guó)事，并講述那久遠(yuǎn)而傳奇的故事。