很多學生覺得英語難學,但事實上,英語和其他學科區(qū)別不大,知識點都完全出在書中。只要肯下工夫,一定會把英語學好,至少英語成績不會被別人落下太多。通過今年的初三期末考試可以看出來,學生們存在的最主要的問題還是對教材不夠熟悉。比如,今年的完形填空題出自教科書中的原文,但是5個填空部分很多學生都沒有完全答對。其實,現(xiàn)在考試的趨勢越來越回歸教材,所以學生們一定要對教材非常熟悉。英語考試中的作文雖然不像語文作文那樣占分比例很大,但這仍是一個重點。此次考試,學生們的作文情況也不是很理想。原因是學生們平時不愿意動筆。其實,只要對教材熟悉,寫作的問題就不大。教材中的每個模塊的第二、三單元都是一個主題,這個主題會告知寫作內容。中考時的寫作范圍也不會脫離這些主題,肯定會是書中提到過的,所以,學生們要根據這些主題主動練習寫作。
寒假期間的復習重點可根據個人情況而定,但以下兩方面不得忽視:1、完形填空和閱讀每天要做四五篇。英語考試中完形填空和閱讀所占分數(shù)非常大,這是一個容易得分的部分。所以,學生們在假期每天都要保證閱讀數(shù)量。英語語感很重要,如果長時間不做閱讀,再次復習時會費很多力氣。2、初一到初三教材“過”一遍。復習英語的最好方式就是熟讀教材,因為英語教材中幾乎涵蓋了所有知識點。寒假期間,初一到初三年級的全部英語單詞要復習一遍,課文要通讀一遍,要保證英譯漢和漢譯英都沒有問題,這樣會給開學后進入總復習提供很多幫助。
【考點直擊】
1. 短語動詞的辨析;
2. 英語句子的基本句型結構;
3. 初中階段主要句型的用法。
【名師點睛】
短語動詞是中考的重要內容之一。在初中階段,我們已經學習了不少短語動詞,把他們加以歸納總結,進行重點復習是十分必要的。英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個整體,其用法有的相當于及物動詞,有的相當于不及物動詞,有的兼有及物動詞和不及物動詞的特征。
1. 短語動詞的分類
(1)動詞+介詞
常見的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后。如:
Don’t laugh at others.
Tom asked his parents for a bike.
(2)動詞+副詞
常見的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,既可放在副詞前邊,又可放在副詞后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則要放在副詞前邊。如:
You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don’t forget to hand it in.
(3)動詞+副詞+介詞
常見的有 go on with, catch up with等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:
Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4)動詞+名詞+介詞
常見的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如:
You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5)動詞+形容詞
常見的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞,則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊,也可放在后邊;賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞,則必須放在形容詞前邊。如:
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6)動詞+名詞
常見的有take place, make friends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物動詞。如:
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
2. 短語動詞的辨析
(1)be made in(在……生產或制造),be made of(由……組成或構成)
(2)come down(下來;落),come along(來;隨同),come to oneself(蘇醒),come true(實現(xiàn)),come out(花開;發(fā)芽;出現(xiàn);出來),come over(過來;順便來訪),come in(進來),come on(來吧;跟著來;趕快), come up with(找到;提出)
(3)do one’s best(盡最大努力), do well in(在……干得好), do one’s homework(做作業(yè)),do some reading(閱讀)
(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在…..后面),fall off(從……掉下),fall down(到下;跌倒)
(5)get down(下來;落下),get on(上車),get to(到達),get up(起床),get back(回來;取回),get off(下來),get on well with(與……相處融洽),get married(結婚),get together(相聚)
(6)give up(放棄),give…a hand(給與……幫助),give a concert(開音樂會)
(7)go back(回去),go on(繼續(xù)),go home(回家),go to bed(睡覺),go over(過一遍;仔細檢查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走錯路),go on doing(繼續(xù)做某事),go shopping(買東西),go boating(去劃船), go fishing(去釣魚),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿著……一直往前走)
(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚餐), have a rest(休息), have sports(進行體育活動), have a cold(感冒), have a cough(咳嗽), have a good time(過得愉快), have a headache(頭痛),have a try(嘗
試;努力)
(9)look for(尋找),look out(留神; 注意),look over(仔細檢查),look up(向上看;抬頭看),look after(照顧; 照看),look at(看; 觀看),look like(看起來像),look the same(看起來像),
(10)make friends(交朋友),make phone calls(打電話),make money(賺錢),make the bed(整理床鋪),make a noise(吵鬧),make a faces(做鬼臉),make one’s way to(往……走去),make room for(給……騰出地方),make a decision(做出決定),make a mistake(犯錯誤),make up one’s mind(下決心)
(11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),put up(掛起;舉起),put down(把某物放下來),put away(把某物收起來), put off(推遲)
(12)take off(脫掉衣服),take photos(照相),take time(花費時間),take out(取出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(積極參加),take care of(照顧;照料;注意),take exercise(做運動),take one’s place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的職務),take turn(輪流)
(13)talk about(談話;交談),talk with(和……交談)
(14)turn on(打開電燈,收音機,煤氣,自來水等),turn off(關上電燈,收音機,煤氣,自來水等),turn down(關小;調低),turn…over(把…..翻過來)
(15)think of(認為;想起),think about(考慮)
3.句子的基本句型結構
根據句子所用動詞的不同,句子可歸納為五個基本句型。
(1)主語+連系動詞+表語。例如:
My mother is a doctor.
Her voice sounds nice.
(2)主語+不及物動詞。例如:
He runs fast.
We study hard.
(3)主語+及物動詞+賓語。例如:
Children often sing this song.
He studies English.
1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作賓語的動詞有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如:
She enjoys reading novels and swimming.
I finished reading the book last night.
2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式作賓語的動詞有:wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如:
Where do wish to sit?
Tom agreed to lend some money.
3)有些及物動詞既可用不定式,由可用-ing形式作賓語,但意義不同。這類動詞常見的有:remember, forget等。例如:
Please remember to post the letter for me.
請記住替我發(fā)了這封信。
I remember posting the letter.
我記得那封信寄過了。
Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿,不過stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語,而是作狀語。試比較下列句子:
He stopped to smoke. 他停下來吸煙。
He stopped smoking. 他停止吸煙了。
4)有些及物動詞的賓語,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意義基本相同。這類動詞常見的有:like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如:
I like to swim in summer.
I like swimming in summer.
(4)主語+及物動詞+ 間接賓語+直接賓語。例如:
My father bought me a new bike.
He gave me an apple.
1)及物動詞之后跟有雙賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物。指人的為間接賓語,
指物的為直接賓語。一般情況下,間接賓語在前,直接賓語在后。如果要
把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,間接賓語前需加介詞。例如:
Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.
Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me.
2)把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,間接賓前有時加介詞to, 有時加介詞for,這主要取決于謂語動詞。一般在動詞give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在動詞buy, make, get等之后加for。例如:
Would you lend me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?
Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.
(5)主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語。例如:
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
I hear someone singing in the next room.
1)及物動詞指后跟有復合賓語,一個是賓語,一個是賓語補足語。賓語和賓語補足語之間有邏輯上的主謂關系。例如:
We call him Jack.
Don’t get your hands dirty.
2)在及物動詞之后,用不定式作賓語補足語和用-ing形式作賓語補足語表示
的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語補足語指事情的全過程;用-ing形式作
賓語補足語指正在進行的動作的一部分。例如:
I heard him sing that song. (我聽他唱過那首歌。)
When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.
(我回來時,聽見他正在房間里唱歌。)
3)在感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役動詞let, make, have等的復合賓語種,不定式須省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r,省去的to要加上。例如:
I saw him go into the room.
He was seen to go into the room.
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