中考英語(yǔ)易錯(cuò)題(10)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學(xué) 葛 林
1. dress
[誤]My father bought a new dress for himself yesterday.
[正]My father bought a new suit for himself yesterday.
[析]一般來(lái)講男套裝用suit, 女服則用dress; 作男服的服裝店是tailor shop (tailor's), 而做女裝的服裝店是dressmaker's.
[誤]The mother dressed the clothes on her child.
[正]The mother dressed her child.
[析]dress作及物動(dòng)詞當(dāng)“穿衣服”講時(shí)，其后不能接衣服而只能接人，如：The boy is still too young to dress himself. 但作為一種穿著打扮的狀態(tài)時(shí)，則多用其過(guò)去分詞作形容詞，如：He is not dressed in his new suit.或She is dressed in red. 詞組dress up是過(guò)節(jié)日時(shí)應(yīng)服裝整齊，如：They dressed up for the holiday.
dress, have on, put on, wear
要區(qū)別這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞需分清是表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞還是表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞是have on和wear, 如：He has on a white coat. He was wearing heavy shoes. 而put on則表示穿衣的動(dòng)作，如：Put on your coat, it is cold outside.而dress既可以作狀態(tài)又可以作動(dòng)作，作動(dòng)作講時(shí)其后面接人而不能接衣服，作穿著狀態(tài)時(shí)則多用dressed的形式。如：I saw a lady dressed in red. I saw a girl dressing herself.
2. drop
[誤]The students fell their voice.
[正]The students dropped their voice.
[析]drop與fall都可以表示“落下、掉下”之意，有時(shí)可以互換，如：The dictionary fell (dropped) from the table. 但drop還可以作及物動(dòng)詞，而fall一般只能作不及物動(dòng)詞。
[誤]I shall drop in you.
[正]I shall drop in on you.
[析]drop in是隨便拜訪某人，而其后要接人時(shí)應(yīng)加介詞on再加人稱。
3. during
[誤]During I was sick, I couldn't eat well.
[正]While I was sick, I couldn't eat well.
[析]during后不能接從句，而when和while后可接從句。
[誤]I have been studying English during three days.
[正]I have been studying English for three days.
[析]during不能表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，而只能表達(dá)在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)某事件的發(fā)生。即帶有由during引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子只能用過(guò)去時(shí)，不能用完成時(shí)。
4. each
[誤]Every of them has his habit.
[正]Each of them has his habit.
[析]each可以作形容詞，但也可作代詞，而every只能作形容詞。
[誤]The manager comes to America almost each month.
[正]The manager comes to America almost every month.
[析]each與every都作形容詞講時(shí)，都有“每個(gè)”之意，但有不同。each多指?jìng)€(gè)體，而every則多指整體。如：We want every student to succeed. each不同來(lái)表達(dá)總體概念，所以不能與almost, nearly, likely等詞連用。
[誤]We each has a book.
[正]We each have a book.
[析]each 作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，其數(shù)應(yīng)與其同位的名詞相同，而each作主語(yǔ)時(shí)則應(yīng)取其單數(shù)形式。
each other, one another
each other與one another這兩個(gè)詞組的區(qū)別在很多。語(yǔ)法書(shū)中強(qiáng)調(diào)each other是兩者之間，而one another是多者之間，其實(shí)不然，如：All students must care for each other, must love and help each other. 事實(shí)上這兩個(gè)詞組是同義的，如果要講有什么區(qū)別的話，當(dāng)我們非?；\統(tǒng)地談，而不特指什么人時(shí)，多用one another.
5. early
[誤]Could you come here more early?
[正]Could you come here earlier?
[析]單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)要用-er和-est來(lái)作其結(jié)尾，如fast, soon, early, hard, long, near等。
6. earth
[誤]What on the earth do you mean?
[正]What on earth do you mean?
[析]on earth這一詞組在句中為的是加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，其意為“究竟”、“到底”。而作為“地球”講時(shí)則要加定冠詞，如：How far is the earth from the moon. 而作為“泥土”講時(shí)則為不可數(shù)名詞，如：He filled the pot with earth and wanted to plant some flowers.
7. easy
[誤]You can easy imagine my surprise.
[正]You can easily imagine my surprise.
[析]easy只在有限的詞組中被用作副詞，如take it easy(不要緊張)，go easy, stand easy等。例如：Easy come, easy go.(錢來(lái)得容易花得也快。)Easier said than done.(說(shuō)的容易做著難。)
8. east
[誤]Japan is on the east of China.
[正]Japan is to the east of China.
[析]在講述地理位置時(shí)，有3個(gè)介詞常用，它們是in, on和to, 其中in表示處于所表達(dá)的范圍之內(nèi)，如：Shanghai is in the east of China. on則表示雙方接壤，如：North Korea is on the northeast of China. 而表示互不相接的兩部分時(shí)則用to, 如：Taiwan is to the east of Fujian.
9. either
[誤]--- I don't like opera.
--- I don't like too.
[正]--- I don't like opera.
--- I don't like either.
[析]在否定句中用either表示“也”，而在肯定句中用too表示“也”。
[誤]Either you or I are right.
[正]Either you or I am right.
[析]這在語(yǔ)法書(shū)中被稱作就近原則，即哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近，則應(yīng)采用與哪個(gè)主語(yǔ)相一致的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相同用法的還有neither ... nor ...，not only ... but also ...，以及or在連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)。如：You or he is to go home. The others will have to stay in the classroom.
10. elder
[誤]My older brother has gone to Shanghai.
[正]My elder brother has gone to Shanghai.
[析]在表示兄姐的長(zhǎng)幼時(shí)應(yīng)用elder表示“哥哥姐姐”，如：my elder sister 姐姐，但表示歲數(shù)時(shí)則多用older，如：She is two years older than I.
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