中考英語易錯題(6)
湖北省宜昌市第五中學 葛 林
1. both
[誤]They both are students.
[正]They are both students.
[誤]They refuse both to answer this question.
[正]They both refuse to answer this question.
[析]both作同位語時，一般要用在be動詞之后實意動詞之前。
[誤]I know his both parents.
[正]I know both his parents.
[誤]The both brothers were students.
[正]Both the brothers were students.
[正]Both brothers were students.
[析]當both與形容詞性物主代詞my，his，her等以及定冠詞the連用時，都應將這些詞置于both之后。另外，在與定冠詞連用時the可以省略。
[誤]Both of my parents are not at home.
[正]Neither of my parents are at home.
[誤]Both of your answers are not right.
[正]Neither of your answers is right.
[正]Both your answers are wrong.
[析]both不能用于否定句中作主語。表示“兩者都不”時要用neither;但作賓語時both與either則都對，但要注意句意有所不同。例如：I can not give both of the books to you.(我不能將兩本書全給你。)而I can not give either of the books to you.(兩本書中哪本書也不能給你。)
2. bring
[誤]Please bring this dictionary to Mr Brown.
[正]Please take this dictionary to Mr Brown.
[誤]Next time, please take your little sister here.
[正]Next time, please bring your little sister here.
[析]英語中bring是“帶來”，而take是“帶走”。還有一個詞fetch, 表示“到某處去把某物取、接回來”。如：Please fetch the doctor at once.
3. business
[誤]My father went to Shanghai for business.
[正]My father went to Shanghai on business.
[析]on business出差
4. busy
[誤]The students were very busy to prepare for the exam.
[正]The students were very busy preparing for the exam.
[析]be busy doing something為“忙于作某事”。
[誤]The students were busy for the exam.
[正]The students were busy with the exam.
[析]busy直接接名詞時應用with。
5. but
[誤]He couldn't help but realizing that he was wrong.
[正]He couldn't help but realize that he was wrong.
[誤]She couldn't help to cry when she saw her mother.
[正]She couldn't help crying when she saw her mother.
[析]couldn't help其后應接動名詞，表示情不自禁的動作，但couldn't help but后面要加動詞原形即省to的不定式，所以前一句應譯為“他才真正認識到他錯了?！?BR> 6. buy
[誤]I have bought this dictionary for three years.
[正]I have had this dictionary for three years.
[析]buy是截止性(即瞬間)動詞，它可以有完成時，如：I have bought this dictionary. 但是不能與表示較長的時間狀語連用。如要講我這本字典已買了3年了則要用have had這一結構即我擁有這本字典已3年了。
7. by
[誤]The boy shot the cat by a gun.
[正]The boy shot the cat with a gun.
[誤]He came to school by a taxi this morning.
[正]He came to school by taxi this morning.
[析]作為某種運輸手段來講，by與名詞間不能有冠詞，如：by car，by bike，by air等。如有了冠詞或其他修飾詞，則應用別的相應的介詞，如：“我們今天早上是乘他的車來的”一句應譯為：We came here in his car this morning. 與by結合而成的詞組很多，常用的有：by the way順便說說;by hand手工制作;by oneself獨自地;by no means決不。
8. call
[誤]I'll call at Mr Brown.
[正]I'll call on Mr Brown.
[誤]I'll call on Mr Brown's home.
[正]I'll call at Mr Brown's home.
[析]作“拜訪”講時，at后面接訪問地點，而on后面接訪問的人。
call on, drop in, visit
call on比較正式的為公務的訪問，如：We were called on by the old students. 而drop in則是比較隨便的走走，順便拜訪，如：If you're free, drop in. 而visit則是更正式的外交訪問或友好往來，如：My school's headmaster will visit America next week.
9. can
[誤]A blind man can not judge colours.
[正]A blind man cannot judge colours.
[誤]I cann't call for you at ten.
[正]I can't call for you at ten.
[析]can的否定形式應為cannot或can't.
[誤]It's only six o'clock. That mustn't be the postman.
[正]It's only six o'clock. That can't be the postman.
[析] must用來表示一種肯定的推斷，如：She must have some problems. She keeps crying. 但在否定句中則要用can't，要表示對過去的推測則要用“must + have +過去分詞”的表達法，如：The lights have gone out. A fuse must have blown. 而對過去的否定推測則多用“can't + have + 過去分詞”，如：I don't think he can have heard you. Call again.
[誤]We could not help to laugh at once.
[正]We could not help laughing at once.
[正]We could not help but laugh at once.
[析] “couldn't help + 動名詞”表示禁不住做了某事。但could not help but與could not but后面要加不帶to的不定式，意思都是不得不去做某事.如：You could not (help) but respect him.
can, be able to
can與be able to都可以用來表示能力，但can只有現(xiàn)在時與過去時，be able to則可用任何時態(tài)，如：He will be able to teach the child. 但要表示經(jīng)過努力而達到的一次性動作則只能用be able to，如：He finally was able to jump over 210 meters. 或：The plane was able to fly over the mountain. 但要注意的是這兩個詞都沒有進行時態(tài)，而be able to后面不接不定式的被動態(tài)。
can, could
can與could都可以用在現(xiàn)在時的口語中，只是用could更為禮貌，語氣更委婉。如：Could you tell us a story?
10. care
[誤]I don't care coffee.
[正]I don't care for coffee.
[誤]Take care for your steps.
[正]Take care of your steps.
[析] care for是“對某物感興趣”，而care of是“關心，要當心某事”，如：She didn't care for him. Take care of what you are doing.
[誤]I don't care where we will go if it doesn't rain.
[正]I don't care where we go if it doesn't rain.
[析]在it doesn't matter，I don't care，I don't mind，及in case引出的狀語從句后面要用現(xiàn)在時表示將來。如：I've got a football in case we have time for a game.
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