一、分類：助動(dòng)詞可分為三類
(一)、基本助動(dòng)詞：這類助動(dòng)詞幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示語態(tài)﹑語氣﹑肯定﹑否定﹑疑問和強(qiáng)調(diào)。有三個(gè)：do, be, have
(二)、時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞：幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示時(shí)態(tài)。有二個(gè)：will, shall
(三)、情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞：幫助構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話者的態(tài)度和看法。
有：can may shall will
could might should would
dare need must ought to
二、用法：
(一)、構(gòu)成疑問句
1.do: 放在主語之前(過去時(shí)用did, 單三人稱用does)
Do you send her the message?
A group of childre smile and say:“Stranger,where do you come from?”
Does a rat run across the street with everybody shouting“Kill it”?
Did you ask for the day off before you left school?
注：如果有其他助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不用do
He has been aboard for two years.
→Has he been aboard for two years?
We can deal with our own businees.
→Can we deal witn our own businees?
2. be: 放在主語之前(有人稱和數(shù)的變化;有時(shí)態(tài)的變化)
I you we/you/they/復(fù)數(shù)名詞
現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am are are
過去時(shí)：was were wree
Are you a student?
Is you parent at home?
Is this your new house?
Was Marry late for the meeting this morrning?
注：1.如果疑問詞修飾主語，則不用do/does/did 構(gòu)成疑問詞句,句子為陳述語序：
What books sell well this year?
Whose camera needs repairing?
Which car hit three children yesterday?
2. 疑問詞做主語，句子為陳述語序：
Who is your father?
What’s this?
(二) 構(gòu)成否定句
助動(dòng)詞與not 合用
Don’t bother me with it.
He didn’t do anything that is bad for you.
All of us do not want to be criticized.
注：如果有其他助動(dòng)詞時(shí),直接在其后加not
He is at home now.
→He is not at home now.
We have already packed our clothes.
→We have not packed our clothes yet.
She will give him a gift on his birthday.
→She won’t give him a gift on his birthday.
注：have 1表示“有”時(shí)，其疑問和否定有兩種形式
英國(guó)英語 美國(guó)英語
How many pen pals has he? How many pen pals does he have?
Have you any money with you? Do you have any money with you?
He has not a car. He does not have a car.
have 2表示其它意義時(shí)，用do/does/did 構(gòu)成疑問和否定
Do you have a bath ever day?
Did you bave a letter from home this morning?
What did you have for breakfast?
She doesn’t have much difficulty in studying French.
(三)、構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句
在祈使句，do 和動(dòng)詞原形連用，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)(be 沒有其它形式的變化)
Do come to my birthday party.
Do hurry!
Don’t worry! I am here.
Don’t be afraid or him,he is not the one to be afrid of.
Do be polite and reasonable .
在動(dòng)詞前，加強(qiáng)說話的語氣。(可以用于過去式)
I do miss you.
I did go there.
(四)、構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)
1. be: 構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)(有人稱和數(shù)的變化)
be + 現(xiàn)在分詞 (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
was/were +現(xiàn)在分詞 (過去進(jìn)行時(shí))
He is singing while his wife is dong homework.
We are getting ready for the Beijing Olympic Games.
Tom was playing computer games when his father got homr.
2. have: 構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用have/has(單三人稱)
過去完成時(shí)用had
He has got married.
The manager has left for America.
By the end of last week,they had finished half of the work.
We have been studying English for six years. (現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
English has been spoken in China for a long time. ( 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))
3. shall/will 構(gòu)成將來時(shí)態(tài)
一般將來時(shí)用 shall/will
過去將來時(shí)用 should/would
I shall be 40 next month.
We shall know the result tomorrow.
Unless the texi comes soon,we’ll miss the plane.
I’m sure I won’t lose my way.
I wondered whether he would survived the storm.
He said he would love me for ever.
(五) 構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)
be + 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞(及物動(dòng)詞) (有人稱和數(shù)的變化;有時(shí)態(tài)的變化)
The window was broken by a boy.
A full cup must be carried steadily. (滿杯則溢)
It’s said that the building would be completed next month.
Good will be rewarded with good; and evil with evil. (善有善報(bào)，惡有惡報(bào))
三、情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的用法和其它助動(dòng)詞用法相似(和動(dòng)詞原形連用,無人稱和數(shù)的變化)
1. 直接位于主語前構(gòu)成疑問
Would you like a cup of tea?
Shall we have a rest?
Must I finish it now?
2. 和not 連用構(gòu)成否定
He cann’t drive a car.
You should not treat him like that.
I dare not speak in public.
3. 有時(shí)態(tài)的變化
He could not read and write at the age of three.
She can speak five kinds of foreign languages.
It will be fine next week.
4. 有語態(tài)的變化(被動(dòng)語態(tài))
The tree may be planted in spring.
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
The room must be kept clean.
注：need 與dare，既是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞又是行為動(dòng)詞，其區(qū)別如下：
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 行為動(dòng)詞
無人稱和數(shù)的變化,無過去式 有人稱和數(shù)的變化
后接動(dòng)詞原形 后接帶to的動(dòng)詞原形
直接加not 構(gòu)成否定 用do/does/did not 構(gòu)成否定
直接位于主語前構(gòu)成疑問 用do/does /did構(gòu)成疑問
He needn’t come if he is busy. You need to concentrate on your sdudy.
Need I repeat what I said just now? Adam needs to finish his work.
Nobody need be afraid of developing AIDS. Does he need to help her with it?
Frank dare not ask the teacher questions. He dares to face the challenge.
How dare you take my book away ? Janne doesn’t dare to say anything.
Dare you accept my challenge?
She was told that the children need not stay.
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