托福口語不同于國內(nèi)英語等級考試，西方人的交流是更自然、更開放的，所以教條式思維是中國考生的一個弱點。以下是整理的托?？谡Z考試的常見錯誤，歡迎閱讀！
1.托?？谡Z考試的常見錯誤
1、there be句型與have/has混雜使用
嚴(yán)重的錯誤，也是托?？谡Z分?jǐn)?shù)不高的一大原因。這一問題的出現(xiàn)，要歸罪于現(xiàn)在完成時的there be句型，如There has been a big change in my hometown。有許多考生在記住這個句子之后在想表示"有"這個謂語動詞的時候都，往往會把there be與have/has同時出現(xiàn)在一句話中，而句子的含義并非想表達(dá)現(xiàn)在完成時。如：There have many wild animals in my country. 而正確的說法為There are many wild animals in my country?；騇y country has many wild animals。
2、時態(tài)
時態(tài)錯誤可以算語法錯誤中級而又不易發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩種了。它的低級是因為時態(tài)是所有考生在筆頭上都已掌握的;但一轉(zhuǎn)到口頭上，就很難保持了。
3、形容詞比較級
在形容詞變比較級與時，只有三個音節(jié)以上(含三個音節(jié))的形容詞才需要加more或the most，其他的形容詞都是直接加er或者去y變ier的規(guī)則變化，但是有的考生在作答時極易忽略該形容詞是否規(guī)則變化，而想當(dāng)然的再三音節(jié)以下的形容詞前加more或the most。如：It's more easy for me to find a job with this major. 而正確的說法為：It's easier for me to find a job with this major。
4、形容詞ing與ed的區(qū)別
托?？谡Z中你可能可以熟練的背出ing是形容一件事或一種東西，ed是形容人"這一口訣，但是你敢肯定自己在作答中不會犯這種錯誤碼?看以下及組形容詞：interesting與interested;exciting與excited;surprising與surprised。什么叫形容人?基本上來講，可能出現(xiàn)的情況無非以下兩種：a. somebody + be動詞 + 以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞 + 介詞 + something 如：I'm surprised about this piece of news. b. something make(s) somebody + 以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞 如：This piece of news makes me surprised. 什么叫形容一件事或一種東西?也就是：a. something + be動詞 + 以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞 如：This piece of news is surprising. b. 以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞 + 名詞 如This is a surprising piece of news。
5、動詞短語忽略成分
有些動詞短語的搭配是固定的，只有把短語完整的說全的情況下才可以接之后的名詞，但許多考生很容易忽視這一點。如：listen to, go to, look forward to, pay attention to等等。所以我們要在練習(xí)中盡可能的回憶當(dāng)時學(xué)校課堂上所交的那些口訣，來確保每一個說出的動詞短語不會遺忘任何成分。
6、情態(tài)動詞后不加動詞原形
有的考生在托?？谡Z練習(xí)時會因為過度重視時態(tài)問題，如一味的想著整個作答都要基于某種時態(tài)而忽略情態(tài)動詞后要加動詞原形這一原則。如：I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could got a better job after learning that. 而正確的說法則是I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could get a better job after learning that。
2.托福口語備考常識
托?？谡Z是托福考試中的一項偏主觀題，難度雖高，但把握方向和主動權(quán)都在學(xué)生自己。
閱讀應(yīng)與聽力練習(xí)同時，同比重的進(jìn)行。人為托?？谡Z試題中的聽力把所有時間都集中在聽力材料的練習(xí)上，這是個錯誤。我們不是生活在國外，你無論怎樣營造，都不能有一個真正的外國的文化氛圍在你身邊，這一個已經(jīng)可以說明只注重單一的聽力練習(xí)是錯誤的。其次，聽力練習(xí)中，你接觸到多少信息呢?這個信息包括詞匯、語法、習(xí)慣用法、文化等等在接觸材料時能夠遇到的所有東西。 自身準(zhǔn)確的發(fā)音。自身準(zhǔn)確地道的英語發(fā)音不能讓你在聽力上面無往不利，但是不準(zhǔn)確不地道的發(fā)音不能有效的解決聽力問題。而準(zhǔn)確地道的發(fā)音往往又得之于在聽力中糾正自己的發(fā)音。兩者是互相進(jìn)行的。
詞匯量和語法是閱讀的關(guān)鍵，閱讀量的多少以及閱讀能力的好壞現(xiàn)在也決定了新托?？谡Z成績的高低，而我們學(xué)習(xí)語言，又必須從聽說開始。
現(xiàn)在的雅思，托福考試以及即將改革的SAT考試，都呈現(xiàn)一種趨勢?？荚嚫⒅貙W(xué)生的英文功底，綜合的英語運用能力?？荚嚫鼈?cè)重于測試學(xué)生真實的語言功底，呈現(xiàn)一種去模板化，去培訓(xùn)化的模式。
學(xué)生綜合英語素質(zhì)的，取決于自身的英語基本功底，從聽、說、讀、寫各方面全方位的。詞匯，語法，語言理解能力均衡發(fā)展，是將來考試測試的重點。綜合英語系列課程選用了當(dāng)前的引進(jìn)教材，采用國際流行的教學(xué)模式，深度剖析英語作為第二語言學(xué)習(xí)的特點，選取當(dāng)下的熱點話題，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中也能豐富視野，為將來的留學(xué)做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。
關(guān)注一下常用的單詞。外國人說話不是每一句都用你不懂的單詞說的，托?？谡Z也是如此。你聽不懂的往往就是常用的，而且是你已經(jīng)掌握了的單詞。只是它們在常速、連讀、略音下使你以為是生詞而已。相信大家已經(jīng)深有體會了。那些是常用的單詞?在聽力中譬如 have，go，you，where，when，him，them等等就是(當(dāng)然還有其他啦)。在這里，VOA Special English有好與不好的地方。它能讓你清楚這些常用單詞的發(fā)音，它不能讓你知道正常的交際中這些單詞怎樣發(fā)音。
3.托?？谡Z范文
1. Work through your mental list of requirements.
For the task in Strategy 1 above, your list might be:
Name the skill. You have already named the skill in your restatement of the task statement.
Define the skill. Ask yourself if you need to define your topic. Will the listener know about the topic you have chosen?
Explain the importance to you of the topic you have chosen.
Include details and examples from your own experience.
2. Know your goal.
When studying, record your speech and make a trancript, writing it exactly as you said it. Then make improvements to it: correct mistakes, eliminate long hesitations, and replace words or rephrase sentences to avoid repetition. Practice reading the corrected version aloud, and time yourself. Read it again while timing yourself, and stop reading at 45 seconds. How far did you get?
You will find that 45 seconds is only enough time for you to restate the task with your topic and to give one or two examples and one or two details. Eliminate unnecessary examples and details from your trancript and read it again with a timer. Once you have eliminated enough to be able to read your response aloud in about 35-40 seconds, and the topic does not suffer from a lack of examples or detail, you know your goal. The remaining 5-10 seconds are for the natural hesitations and corrections a speaker generally makes when talking.
3. Get ready for the next item.
It is easy to get anxious if you run out of time and have not finished what you intended to say, or if you finish what you want to say and there is still time left. Take a deep breath to help you relax and get ready for the next part of the test.
4.托?？谡Z如何開展話題論述
方式(How1)
Chicken soup helps to fight a cold.
Special chemical stops a cold from getting worse.
People can get enough protein and be healthy by eating tofu, eggs, nuts.
Food gives people the chances to learn more about other cultures.
We use internet to communicate in many different ways.
It is good way to do sth
影響 (How2)
Overeating has negative/great impact on human beings’ health.
狀態(tài)(How3)
it is good/unhealthy for sth/sb (not)to do
目的 (Why1)
the ancients used stone or wood to make tools.
I am writing a paper for my English class.
起因 (Why2) (對齊)
Chocolate causes pimples.
Eating too much and not exercising can cause us to gain weight.
Using too much of the energy may cause the problem
The cause is stress or not getting enough sleep.
Adding fattening things like butter to bread can raise the number of calories we eat.
We eat because we are hungry.
The reason why Americans love pizza is uncertain.
May be that’s why there are fewer people than I thought.
The mistake may lead to a serious accident.
Thanks for Chinese paper invention, people use money made of paper
條件 (Why3)
Without paper invention our lives would be very difficult.
If I get tired, my mother will let me get some sleep.
時間 (When)
People like to eat junk food when/before/after they are happy, sad or worried.
地點(Where)
I prefer eating in Chinese restaurants where I can enjoy the Chinese way of life
5.托福口語常見代詞的錯誤用法
第一個常見的錯誤是一個句子中代詞的頻繁轉(zhuǎn)換，即所謂pronoun shift。
典型的例子是“When one searches on the Internet， you will potentially get onto illegal websites， which will cause negative consequences to us.”在這句話中one，you和us未能保持一致，讓考官不知所云。應(yīng)該修改為“When searching on the Internet， we may potentially get onto illegal websites， which will cause negative consequences to us.”
第二種常見錯誤是代詞在“性別”上未能與被指代對象保持一致，這在學(xué)生的口語中也是常見問題。
比如學(xué)生所寫這句話“Studying in a co-educational school， a girl may concentrate more on popular boys， which may cause ignorance of his study.”顯然，his的出現(xiàn)與句子主語a girl是不相符合的，應(yīng)該改為her。
第三種錯誤是代詞在“數(shù)”上未能與被指代對象保持一致。
在“Girls are easy to be persuaded to buy cosmetics， because she always wants to be pretty.”中，主語是girls，為復(fù)數(shù)，但是原因狀語從句中的代詞卻是she。改正的方法便是將she改為they體現(xiàn)“數(shù)”的一致，同時將wants改為want，實現(xiàn)從句內(nèi)部的主謂一致。終結(jié)果為“Girls are easy to be persuaded to buy cosmetics， because they always want to be pretty.”。
第四種錯誤是“格”出了問題。
常見的情況是本該用形容詞性物主代詞(比如their)，結(jié)果誤用了代詞的主格或賓格(比如用成了they或者them)，或者在主格和賓格之間未能區(qū)分清楚(比如分不清they和them)。一個典型的例子是“Some graduates are proud of their diplomas; however， companies regard they as nothing”。句中regard后面應(yīng)接賓語，所以they應(yīng)該改為them才對。
第五種錯誤與反身代詞的使用有關(guān)。
反身代詞表示“某人自己”，比如“Many children are addicted to computer games and they cannot control themselves at all.”教學(xué)中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生清楚這種用法，但是不會表達(dá)“某人自己的”這個概念，總是說“Teenagers cannot control themselves behaviours”。這句話中，themselves要改為their own才能體現(xiàn)出“某人自己的”這層意思。因此，考生在作文時要格外留意這個小點。
1.托?？谡Z考試的常見錯誤
1、there be句型與have/has混雜使用
嚴(yán)重的錯誤，也是托?？谡Z分?jǐn)?shù)不高的一大原因。這一問題的出現(xiàn)，要歸罪于現(xiàn)在完成時的there be句型，如There has been a big change in my hometown。有許多考生在記住這個句子之后在想表示"有"這個謂語動詞的時候都，往往會把there be與have/has同時出現(xiàn)在一句話中，而句子的含義并非想表達(dá)現(xiàn)在完成時。如：There have many wild animals in my country. 而正確的說法為There are many wild animals in my country?；騇y country has many wild animals。
2、時態(tài)
時態(tài)錯誤可以算語法錯誤中級而又不易發(fā)現(xiàn)的兩種了。它的低級是因為時態(tài)是所有考生在筆頭上都已掌握的;但一轉(zhuǎn)到口頭上，就很難保持了。
3、形容詞比較級
在形容詞變比較級與時，只有三個音節(jié)以上(含三個音節(jié))的形容詞才需要加more或the most，其他的形容詞都是直接加er或者去y變ier的規(guī)則變化，但是有的考生在作答時極易忽略該形容詞是否規(guī)則變化，而想當(dāng)然的再三音節(jié)以下的形容詞前加more或the most。如：It's more easy for me to find a job with this major. 而正確的說法為：It's easier for me to find a job with this major。
4、形容詞ing與ed的區(qū)別
托?？谡Z中你可能可以熟練的背出ing是形容一件事或一種東西，ed是形容人"這一口訣，但是你敢肯定自己在作答中不會犯這種錯誤碼?看以下及組形容詞：interesting與interested;exciting與excited;surprising與surprised。什么叫形容人?基本上來講，可能出現(xiàn)的情況無非以下兩種：a. somebody + be動詞 + 以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞 + 介詞 + something 如：I'm surprised about this piece of news. b. something make(s) somebody + 以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞 如：This piece of news makes me surprised. 什么叫形容一件事或一種東西?也就是：a. something + be動詞 + 以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞 如：This piece of news is surprising. b. 以ing結(jié)尾的形容詞 + 名詞 如This is a surprising piece of news。
5、動詞短語忽略成分
有些動詞短語的搭配是固定的，只有把短語完整的說全的情況下才可以接之后的名詞，但許多考生很容易忽視這一點。如：listen to, go to, look forward to, pay attention to等等。所以我們要在練習(xí)中盡可能的回憶當(dāng)時學(xué)校課堂上所交的那些口訣，來確保每一個說出的動詞短語不會遺忘任何成分。
6、情態(tài)動詞后不加動詞原形
有的考生在托?？谡Z練習(xí)時會因為過度重視時態(tài)問題，如一味的想著整個作答都要基于某種時態(tài)而忽略情態(tài)動詞后要加動詞原形這一原則。如：I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could got a better job after learning that. 而正確的說法則是I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could get a better job after learning that。
2.托福口語備考常識
托?？谡Z是托福考試中的一項偏主觀題，難度雖高，但把握方向和主動權(quán)都在學(xué)生自己。
閱讀應(yīng)與聽力練習(xí)同時，同比重的進(jìn)行。人為托?？谡Z試題中的聽力把所有時間都集中在聽力材料的練習(xí)上，這是個錯誤。我們不是生活在國外，你無論怎樣營造，都不能有一個真正的外國的文化氛圍在你身邊，這一個已經(jīng)可以說明只注重單一的聽力練習(xí)是錯誤的。其次，聽力練習(xí)中，你接觸到多少信息呢?這個信息包括詞匯、語法、習(xí)慣用法、文化等等在接觸材料時能夠遇到的所有東西。 自身準(zhǔn)確的發(fā)音。自身準(zhǔn)確地道的英語發(fā)音不能讓你在聽力上面無往不利，但是不準(zhǔn)確不地道的發(fā)音不能有效的解決聽力問題。而準(zhǔn)確地道的發(fā)音往往又得之于在聽力中糾正自己的發(fā)音。兩者是互相進(jìn)行的。
詞匯量和語法是閱讀的關(guān)鍵，閱讀量的多少以及閱讀能力的好壞現(xiàn)在也決定了新托?？谡Z成績的高低，而我們學(xué)習(xí)語言，又必須從聽說開始。
現(xiàn)在的雅思，托福考試以及即將改革的SAT考試，都呈現(xiàn)一種趨勢?？荚嚫⒅貙W(xué)生的英文功底，綜合的英語運用能力?？荚嚫鼈?cè)重于測試學(xué)生真實的語言功底，呈現(xiàn)一種去模板化，去培訓(xùn)化的模式。
學(xué)生綜合英語素質(zhì)的，取決于自身的英語基本功底，從聽、說、讀、寫各方面全方位的。詞匯，語法，語言理解能力均衡發(fā)展，是將來考試測試的重點。綜合英語系列課程選用了當(dāng)前的引進(jìn)教材，采用國際流行的教學(xué)模式，深度剖析英語作為第二語言學(xué)習(xí)的特點，選取當(dāng)下的熱點話題，讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中也能豐富視野，為將來的留學(xué)做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。
關(guān)注一下常用的單詞。外國人說話不是每一句都用你不懂的單詞說的，托?？谡Z也是如此。你聽不懂的往往就是常用的，而且是你已經(jīng)掌握了的單詞。只是它們在常速、連讀、略音下使你以為是生詞而已。相信大家已經(jīng)深有體會了。那些是常用的單詞?在聽力中譬如 have，go，you，where，when，him，them等等就是(當(dāng)然還有其他啦)。在這里，VOA Special English有好與不好的地方。它能讓你清楚這些常用單詞的發(fā)音，它不能讓你知道正常的交際中這些單詞怎樣發(fā)音。
3.托?？谡Z范文
1. Work through your mental list of requirements.
For the task in Strategy 1 above, your list might be:
Name the skill. You have already named the skill in your restatement of the task statement.
Define the skill. Ask yourself if you need to define your topic. Will the listener know about the topic you have chosen?
Explain the importance to you of the topic you have chosen.
Include details and examples from your own experience.
2. Know your goal.
When studying, record your speech and make a trancript, writing it exactly as you said it. Then make improvements to it: correct mistakes, eliminate long hesitations, and replace words or rephrase sentences to avoid repetition. Practice reading the corrected version aloud, and time yourself. Read it again while timing yourself, and stop reading at 45 seconds. How far did you get?
You will find that 45 seconds is only enough time for you to restate the task with your topic and to give one or two examples and one or two details. Eliminate unnecessary examples and details from your trancript and read it again with a timer. Once you have eliminated enough to be able to read your response aloud in about 35-40 seconds, and the topic does not suffer from a lack of examples or detail, you know your goal. The remaining 5-10 seconds are for the natural hesitations and corrections a speaker generally makes when talking.
3. Get ready for the next item.
It is easy to get anxious if you run out of time and have not finished what you intended to say, or if you finish what you want to say and there is still time left. Take a deep breath to help you relax and get ready for the next part of the test.
4.托?？谡Z如何開展話題論述
方式(How1)
Chicken soup helps to fight a cold.
Special chemical stops a cold from getting worse.
People can get enough protein and be healthy by eating tofu, eggs, nuts.
Food gives people the chances to learn more about other cultures.
We use internet to communicate in many different ways.
It is good way to do sth
影響 (How2)
Overeating has negative/great impact on human beings’ health.
狀態(tài)(How3)
it is good/unhealthy for sth/sb (not)to do
目的 (Why1)
the ancients used stone or wood to make tools.
I am writing a paper for my English class.
起因 (Why2) (對齊)
Chocolate causes pimples.
Eating too much and not exercising can cause us to gain weight.
Using too much of the energy may cause the problem
The cause is stress or not getting enough sleep.
Adding fattening things like butter to bread can raise the number of calories we eat.
We eat because we are hungry.
The reason why Americans love pizza is uncertain.
May be that’s why there are fewer people than I thought.
The mistake may lead to a serious accident.
Thanks for Chinese paper invention, people use money made of paper
條件 (Why3)
Without paper invention our lives would be very difficult.
If I get tired, my mother will let me get some sleep.
時間 (When)
People like to eat junk food when/before/after they are happy, sad or worried.
地點(Where)
I prefer eating in Chinese restaurants where I can enjoy the Chinese way of life
5.托福口語常見代詞的錯誤用法
第一個常見的錯誤是一個句子中代詞的頻繁轉(zhuǎn)換，即所謂pronoun shift。
典型的例子是“When one searches on the Internet， you will potentially get onto illegal websites， which will cause negative consequences to us.”在這句話中one，you和us未能保持一致，讓考官不知所云。應(yīng)該修改為“When searching on the Internet， we may potentially get onto illegal websites， which will cause negative consequences to us.”
第二種常見錯誤是代詞在“性別”上未能與被指代對象保持一致，這在學(xué)生的口語中也是常見問題。
比如學(xué)生所寫這句話“Studying in a co-educational school， a girl may concentrate more on popular boys， which may cause ignorance of his study.”顯然，his的出現(xiàn)與句子主語a girl是不相符合的，應(yīng)該改為her。
第三種錯誤是代詞在“數(shù)”上未能與被指代對象保持一致。
在“Girls are easy to be persuaded to buy cosmetics， because she always wants to be pretty.”中，主語是girls，為復(fù)數(shù)，但是原因狀語從句中的代詞卻是she。改正的方法便是將she改為they體現(xiàn)“數(shù)”的一致，同時將wants改為want，實現(xiàn)從句內(nèi)部的主謂一致。終結(jié)果為“Girls are easy to be persuaded to buy cosmetics， because they always want to be pretty.”。
第四種錯誤是“格”出了問題。
常見的情況是本該用形容詞性物主代詞(比如their)，結(jié)果誤用了代詞的主格或賓格(比如用成了they或者them)，或者在主格和賓格之間未能區(qū)分清楚(比如分不清they和them)。一個典型的例子是“Some graduates are proud of their diplomas; however， companies regard they as nothing”。句中regard后面應(yīng)接賓語，所以they應(yīng)該改為them才對。
第五種錯誤與反身代詞的使用有關(guān)。
反身代詞表示“某人自己”，比如“Many children are addicted to computer games and they cannot control themselves at all.”教學(xué)中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)生清楚這種用法，但是不會表達(dá)“某人自己的”這個概念，總是說“Teenagers cannot control themselves behaviours”。這句話中，themselves要改為their own才能體現(xiàn)出“某人自己的”這層意思。因此，考生在作文時要格外留意這個小點。