高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)必修二備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)

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    1.高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)必修二備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
    用法較復(fù)雜,以下幾點(diǎn)需引起注意:
    1. 表示“從事”或“正在做”,其后接的名詞通常不用冠詞。如:
    at cards 在玩牌 at work 在工作
    at war 在交戰(zhàn) at lunch 在吃中飯
    at table 在吃飯 at school 在上課
    但也有少數(shù)搭配習(xí)慣上要用冠詞。如:
    at the desk 在讀書 at the telephone 在打電話
    2. 通常表示地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)所、活動(dòng)等,通常用漢語(yǔ)的“在”翻譯,但有時(shí)它可以表示起點(diǎn),相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)“從”。如:
    Everybody, we begin at page 50 today. 各位,我們今天從第50頁(yè)開始。
    3. at 可以與“人名+’s”連用,指其家或工作處。如:
    We had lunch at Bill’s. 我們?cè)诒葼柤页粤宋顼垺?BR>    I spent the weekend at my grandmother’s. 周末我是在奶奶家度過的。
    I bought some rolls at the baker’s. 我在面包店里買些圓面包。
    4. 表示地點(diǎn)時(shí),比較它與介詞 in 的相同和不同之處:有時(shí)若不嚴(yán)格區(qū)別,兩者可以換用。如:
    The meeting was held at [in] the hotel. 會(huì)議在賓館舉行。
    但是,如果我們想到的是位置,一般用 at;如果想到的是空間,一般用in。如:
    Let’s meet at the station. 我們?cè)谲囌疽姲伞?BR>    Nobody was in the classroom. 教室里沒有一個(gè)人。
    兩者的另一個(gè)區(qū)別是:較大的地方用in,較小的地方用 at。如:
    in London 在倫敦 in the world 在世界上
    at the airport在機(jī)場(chǎng) at the door 在門口
    但大小是相對(duì)而言的,有時(shí)隨著說話者的著眼點(diǎn)不同,大地方也可能用at(即將其視為一個(gè)點(diǎn))。如:
    Our plane refueled at London. 我們的飛機(jī)在倫敦加油。
    5. 表示目的或目標(biāo),在某些搭配中,at 往往含有主觀上的不友好意味或惡意;相同情況下,若將at改為to,意思則大不一樣。比較:
    The dog came at me. 狗向我撲來。(意即咬人)
    The dog came to me. 狗向我走過來。(無咬人之意)
    He threw the ball at me. 他把球向我砸來。(意欲打人)
    He threw the ball to me. 他把球拋給我。(無打人之意)
    He shouted at me. 他對(duì)我吼叫。(意在訓(xùn)人)
    He shouted to me. 他朝著我大聲喊。(無訓(xùn)人之意)
    表示目標(biāo)時(shí),at 只表示行為本身,并不表示行為的結(jié)果。比較:
    He shot at the bird, but missed. 他向鳥射擊,但未射中。
    He shot the bird. 他射中了那只鳥。
    2.高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)必修二備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
    1. in the hope of... (懷著......的希望)  in the hope of ... =in hopes of...
    2. take along (隨身帶著)
    3. lose heart (失去信心; 灰心)  lose heart → to lose one's courage or confidence.
    4. day after day (日復(fù)一日地)  [名詞 + after + 名詞]的句型表示"連續(xù); 許多":
    5. in this way (用這種方式)  in... way 用某種方式; 用作狀語(yǔ)。
    6. bring ... on (使前進(jìn))
    7. go through (仔細(xì)查看)  go through (=search, examine) 側(cè)重查找(錯(cuò)誤、要點(diǎn)等)
    8. go (straight) ahead (一直)往前走  ahead 為副詞; ahead of 后接用名詞。
    9. anything of interest (任何有趣的事)
    10. be well-known as an artist (以身為藝術(shù)家著稱)  as 表"充作、作為" → as a teacher/doctor/actor
    11. be pleased with (對(duì)......感到滿意) 介詞with與表"滿、充滿"之意的詞連用的用法
    3.高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)必修二備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
    介詞 against 用法介紹。
    1. 注意以下兩個(gè)基本用法,許多其他用法和搭配均可從這兩種基礎(chǔ)引申出來:
    (1) 表示“反對(duì)”“對(duì)著”“違反”“不利于”等。如:
    We are all against his idea. 我們都反對(duì)他的想法。
    He was married against his will. 他結(jié)婚是有違本意的。
    He spoke against the new law. 他發(fā)言抨擊新法律。
    There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票贊成他,12票反對(duì)他。
    (2) 表示“靠著”“頂著”“迎著”“襯著”等。如:
    He stood with his back against the door. 他背靠門站著。
    He hit his head against the window. 他的頭撞到了窗戶上。
    It is difficult to see anything against this bright light. 對(duì)著這種強(qiáng)光很難看到任何東西。
    Bright red flags flow in the wind against the blue sky. 鮮艷的紅旗映著藍(lán)天迎風(fēng)飄揚(yáng)。
    2. 注意 against 是介詞,不是動(dòng)詞。如:
    他靠在樹上。
    正:He leaned against the tree.
    誤:He against the tree.
    這個(gè)計(jì)劃你是贊成還是反對(duì)呢?
    正:Are you for or against the plan?
    誤:Do you support or against the plan?
    3. 正因?yàn)閍gainst是介詞,所以后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞。如:
    我反對(duì)在警察到達(dá)之前采取任何行動(dòng)。
    正:I’m against doing anything till the police arrive.
    誤:I’m against to do anything till the police arrive.
    4.高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)必修二備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
    1. 表示“在……期間”,是介詞,不要將其誤用作連詞。如:
    他在巴黎期間,與他的朋友住在一起。
    誤:During he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.
    正:While he was in Paris, he lived with his friends.
    正:During his stay in Paris, he lived with his friends.
    2. during 和 for 均可表示一段時(shí)間,但兩者有差別。
    (1) during 通常表示事件發(fā)生在何時(shí)(when),而for則表示事件持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間(how long)。如:
    He was in hospital for six weeks during the summer. 他在夏天住了 6 個(gè)星期的醫(yī)院。
    (2) 兩者之后均可接由 the whole 引起的時(shí)間短語(yǔ),但通常不能接由 all 引起的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)。如:
    他整個(gè)夏天都住在那兒。
    正:He stayed there for [during] the whole summer.
    誤:He stayed there for [during] all the summer.
    (3) 在“數(shù)詞+時(shí)間名詞”之前以及在some time, a long time之類表示泛指一段時(shí)間的詞組之前,可用介詞 for,但不用 during。如:
    He lived here for ten years (for some time). 他在這兒住過 10 年(一段時(shí)間)。
    2. during與in均可表示“時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,有時(shí)可互換。如:
    I’ll be on holiday in [during] August. 我將在8月度假。
    He woke up three times in [during] the night. 夜里他醒了 3 次。
    但在使用時(shí)還有以下幾點(diǎn)要注意:
    (1) 比較而言,during 更強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù),in 只是指一般性的某一時(shí)間。因此若表示狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,多用during,否則以用in為常見。如:
    Many people suffered hardship during the war. 許多人在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間受苦遭難。
    He was injured in the war. 他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間受了傷。
    (2) 在stay, visit, meal等表示行為要持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的名詞之前,只能用during 而不能用in。如:
    The phone rang during the meal. 吃飯時(shí)電話鈴響了
    I went to see my aunt during my stay in Beijing. 在北京逗留期間,我去看了我的姑媽。
    (3) 與季節(jié)名詞連用,in表泛指,during表特指。如:
    In summer we often camp in the forest. 夏天我們常在森林里露營(yíng)。(泛指)
    During the summer we camped in the forest. 今年夏天我們?cè)谏掷锫稜I(yíng)。(特指)
    5.高二年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)必修二備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)
    1.倒裝句的定義:英語(yǔ)基本的詞序是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的前面。
    如果把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)前面,就叫做倒裝。
    2. 倒裝句的構(gòu)成
    a) 完全倒裝
    將句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)完全顛倒過來,稱之為完全倒裝。
    Are you from here? 你是本地人嗎?
    Now comes the chance. 機(jī)會(huì)來了。
    b) 部分倒裝
    只將助動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞移至主語(yǔ)之前,謂語(yǔ)的其他部分仍保留在主語(yǔ)的后面,稱之為部分倒裝。例如:
    Has he come? 他來了嗎?
    Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我們難得像在這里這么舒服。
    Only in this way can we do the work better.
    只有這樣我們才能把工作做得更好。
    3. 倒裝的原因
    a) 句子語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要。例如:
    Did you attend the meeting? 你參加會(huì)議了嗎?
    Long live peace! 和平萬(wàn)歲!
    b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如:
    Such were his last words. 他后的話就是這樣。
    c)強(qiáng)調(diào)的需要。倒裝以后,句子更加流暢生動(dòng)。例如:
    Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。
    Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我們前面有很多困難。
    Often did we warn them not to do so. 我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。
    4. 倒裝句的基本用法
    a) 構(gòu)成疑問句(除對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)之定語(yǔ)提問的特殊疑問句外):
    When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我們什么時(shí)候喝你們的喜酒?
    Have you seen the film? 你看了那部電影嗎?
    b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中:
    Away went the crowd one by one. 人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。
    Here comes our teacher! 我們的老師來了!
    c) 副詞only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí):
    Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那時(shí)他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。
    Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用這種方法你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。
    d) 含有否定意義的副詞或連詞(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等)放在句首時(shí):
    Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。
    Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。
    Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
    火車剛一進(jìn)站,我們就跑到臥車那兒去找我們的客人。
    e) 副詞so或 neither(nor)在句首:
    He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他對(duì)流行歌曲感興趣,我也如此。
    He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他沒有去過農(nóng)村,他也不想去那里。
    f) 在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首:
    Thus ended his life. 這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。
    So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他講話的聲音那樣大,連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。
    2. so作“也”講時(shí),引導(dǎo)的句子用倒裝語(yǔ)序,例如:
    He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看電影了,我也去了。
    如不作“也”講而只起連詞作用,表示一種結(jié)果的意思,句子就要用正常語(yǔ)序。例如:
    His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母親叫他去看電影,他就去了。
    “He is a tall thin man.” “So he is.” “他又高又瘦?!?“確實(shí)如此。”
    3. 某些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句往往把表語(yǔ)提到主語(yǔ)前面或放在句首,以構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
    No matter how interesting the book is,he doesn't like to read it.不管這本書多有趣,他都不想看。
    However hard a solid may be,we can change its shape. 不管一個(gè)固體有多硬,我們都可以改變其形狀。
    Young as he is, he knows a lot. 雖然他年輕,卻知道很多東西。
    4. 在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,如果非真實(shí)條件句省略if,須將主句中的were, had和should等助動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)顛倒形成部分倒裝。例如:
    Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年輕一些,他就會(huì)去學(xué)溜冰。
    Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods
    如果他們忘記帶一張地圖的話,他們就會(huì)在深林里迷路。
    Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to
    accept it. 假如他們認(rèn)識(shí)到這個(gè)任務(wù)是多么重要的話,他們就不致于拒絕接受這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。