九層之臺(tái)，起于壘土；千里之行，始于足下。備考的路上，哭過(guò)、累過(guò)、笑過(guò)，但只要堅(jiān)持向前走，終將會(huì)拿到屬于我們的證書。以下是整理的“2021年上半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法指導(dǎo)”！祝大家備考順利！
【篇一】2021年上半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法指導(dǎo)
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法辨析：apologize與apology的用法
一、apologize的用法
1. 表示“道歉”，通常是不及物動(dòng)詞，要表示向某人道歉，用介詞to, 要表示因?yàn)槟吃蚨狼富蛱婺橙说狼?，用介詞 for。如：
First, I must apologize to you. 首先，我要向你們表示歉意。
I apologize for not writing before. 我此前未能寫信，謹(jǐn)表歉意。
Karen phoned the other day to apologize for her behaviour. 卡倫前幾天打電話來(lái)對(duì)她的行為表示歉意。
2. 由于 apologize 是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以在其后接 that從句是錯(cuò)誤的。如：
我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉。
誤：I apologized that I stepped on her foot.
正：I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.
二、apology的用法
1. 表示“道歉”，通常是可數(shù)名詞，可以連用不定冠詞，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
There's no need for apologies. 不必道歉。
I have to begin with an apology. 我得首先表示歉意。
2. 要表示向某人道歉，用介詞 to;要表示因?yàn)槟吃蚨狼富蛱婺橙说狼?，用介詞 for。如：
I make no apology to him for what I said. 我沒(méi)有因說(shuō)了些什么而向他道歉。
I must offer her an apology for not going to her party. 我必須為未參加她的晚會(huì)表示歉意。
【篇二】2021年上半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法指導(dǎo)
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法辨析：Some 和 any 的用法區(qū)別
一、some和any的用法
some意為“一些”、“幾個(gè)”,通常用于肯定句中?，F(xiàn)將其主要用法歸納如下:
1)some作形容詞用時(shí),可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有幾個(gè)學(xué)生。
There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。
2)some作代詞用時(shí),可在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:
Some of the boys are playing games now. 有幾個(gè)男孩現(xiàn)在正在做游戲。
I have no paper. Please give me some. 我沒(méi)有紙了,請(qǐng)給我一些吧。
3)some有時(shí)也可以用在疑問(wèn)句或條件句中,表示請(qǐng)求、建議,并期望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反問(wèn)句中。例如:
Can you give me some money? 你能給我一些錢嗎?
Would you like some more rice? 再來(lái)點(diǎn)米飯好嗎?
Why don't you buy some flowers for her? 你為什么不給她買些花呢?
If you want (some), I'll give you some. 如果你想要(一些),我就給你一些。
any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答語(yǔ)或疑問(wèn)句中。其具體用法如下:
1)any作形容詞用時(shí),可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么問(wèn)題要問(wèn)嗎?
There isn't any water in this bottle. 這個(gè)瓶子里沒(méi)有水。
2)any作代詞用時(shí),也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。例如:
You may take any of them. 這些東西,你隨便拿哪個(gè)都行。
Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope. 任何一個(gè)頭上長(zhǎng)有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根繩子。
3)any有時(shí)也可用于條件句中。例如:
If you have any time, please come to my house. 如果你有時(shí)間,請(qǐng)來(lái)我家(玩)。
If you have any, give us some. 如果你有的話,就給我們一點(diǎn)兒吧。
二、some和any的區(qū)別
1)一般說(shuō)來(lái)，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。例如：
She wants some chalk.
She doesn't want any chalk.
2)any可與not以外其他有否定含義的詞連用，表達(dá)否定概念。例如：
He never had any regular schooling.
3)any可以用于表達(dá)疑問(wèn)概念的條件句中。例如：
If you have any trouble, please let me know.
4)在下列場(chǎng)合，some也可用于疑問(wèn)句。
1、說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答復(fù)將是肯定的。例如：
Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為下午有人要求，所以用some)
Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?(說(shuō)話人不知道下午是否有人來(lái)，所以用any)
Didn't you give him some tickets?(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為票已經(jīng)給他了。問(wèn)題的回答是：Sure I did)
Did you give him any tickets?(說(shuō)話人不知道是否給票了。回答可能是yes或no。)
2、款待用語(yǔ)或問(wèn)句的實(shí)質(zhì)等于提出一個(gè)要求并希望得到肯定的回答時(shí)。例如：
Won't you have some more tea?
Could you get me some clips?
這類用語(yǔ)中的some不能用any代替。
3、在“Let me know if you need any help.”這類條件句中，可用some代替any。
用any表示說(shuō)話人完全不知道對(duì)方是否需要幫助，或表示說(shuō)話人愿意向?qū)Ψ教峁o(wú)限量的幫助。
Let me know if you need help.
用some 則表示提供對(duì)方某種程度的、確定的幫助，或者表示期待肯定的回答。
Let me know if you need some help.
三、some和any的練習(xí)
填空:
1. I can see_____birds in the tree.
2. There isn't_____orange juice in my bottle. Please give me_____ .
3. —Do you have_____picture-books? —No, I don't have_____ . But I have_____story-books.
4. —Is there_____rice in the bag? —No, there isn't_____ .
5. —Are there_____boys in the classroom? —No, but there are_____girls in it.
6. —Which one can I take? —You may take_____one of them.
7. —Would you like_____fruit juice, please? —No. I'd like_____tea.
8. If you have_____questions, please put up your hands.
9. May I ask you_____questions, Miss Wang?
10. Can you see_____bikes under the tree?
答案:
1. some
2. any; some
3. any; any; some
4. any; any
5. any; some
6. any
7. some; some
8. any
9. some
10. any
【篇三】2021年上半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法指導(dǎo)
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法辨析：Many和Much的用法區(qū)別
1. 兩者都表示“許多”，但 many 修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù))，與 few(少數(shù))相對(duì);而 much 用來(lái)修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))，與little(少量)相對(duì)。如：
Did you see many people there? 你在那兒看見(jiàn)許多人了嗎?
Many poets have died young. 許多詩(shī)人很年輕就死了。
Do you have much money left? 你剩的錢多嗎?
He doesn't spend much time preparing his lessons. 他備課不花太多時(shí)間。
2. 關(guān)于many of 和 much of：
(1) 其后接名詞時(shí)，該名詞通常應(yīng)是特指的(比如有the, these, those, my, our, Tom's等修飾)。如：
Many of the farmers grow rice. 很多農(nóng)民種稻子。
Many of his ideas were amusing to her. 他的許多想法使她感到有趣。
He spends much of his time outdoors. 他很多時(shí)間都在戶外度過(guò)。
Much of the land was flooded. 大片土地被水淹沒(méi)。
(2) 如果名詞沒(méi)有表特指的限定詞，通常就不用of。如：
她沒(méi)有吃多少早餐。Many和Much的用法區(qū)別
誤：She didn't eat much of breakfast.
正：She didn't eat much breakfast.
大玻璃杯剩下的不多了。
誤：There aren't many of large glasses left.
正：There aren't many large glasses left.
(3) 如果用了介詞of又沒(méi)有特指限定詞，通常是不可以的。如：
誤：Many of students have read it.
正：Many of the students have read it. 許多學(xué)生讀過(guò)它。
誤：Much of time was wasted.
正：Much of the time was wasted. 大部分時(shí)間都浪費(fèi)了。
(4) 在少數(shù)情況下，much of之后不跟限定詞也可以用，這主要見(jiàn)后接人名和地名的情形。如：
Not much of Denmark is hilly. 丹麥山地不多。
I've seen too much of Howard recently. 近我見(jiàn)霍華德見(jiàn)得太多了。
(5) 在人稱代詞前總是用many of或much of，其中的of不能沒(méi)有。如：
I didn't eat much of it. 這個(gè)我沒(méi)吃多少。
Many of us were too tired to go further. 我們很多人都累得不能再往前走了。
(6) much of有時(shí)可用于一個(gè)還有不定冠詞的名詞前。如：
You can't see much of a country in a week. 一周之內(nèi)看一個(gè)國(guó)家看不了多少地方。
How much of a job would it be to rebuild the garage? 重建這個(gè)車庫(kù)工作量會(huì)是多少?
not much of a 有時(shí)可用于名詞前表示某人對(duì)某物或某人評(píng)價(jià)不高。如：
Then he's not much of a partner. 那時(shí)他不是什么了不起的合伙人。
That might not seem like much of an accomplishment. 那似乎算不上什么成就。
3. 兩者都可與 more 連用，其區(qū)別仍然是 many more之后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，much more 之后接不可數(shù)名詞。如：
There have been many more burglaries this year. 今年盜竊案比過(guò)去多好些。
His car cost much more money than mine. 他的小汽車所花的錢比我的多得多。
有時(shí)其后的名詞可承前省略。如：
Many people support the government, but many more are against it. 許多人支持政府，但更多得多的人反對(duì)它。
另外，其后修飾的不是名詞，而是形容詞或副詞，則用much more，不用many more。如：
You must work much more carefully. 你應(yīng)工作得更加細(xì)心。
Politics is much more difficult than physics. 政治學(xué)比物理學(xué)難。
4. 注意“many a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”的用法：形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上為復(fù)數(shù)(意為“許多”)，若用作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)通常與形式一致而不與意義一致(即謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))。如：
I have told him many a time to be polite. 我多次告訴他要有禮貌。
Many a young man has tried and failed. 很多年輕人都試過(guò)，而且失敗了。
注意，“many a+單數(shù)名詞”是一個(gè)十分正式的結(jié)構(gòu)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中一般都用 “many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”代之。
5. 與a great [good] number of, a great [good] amount of等表達(dá)不同，a great [good] many后接名詞時(shí)，不用介詞of。如：
I've known her for a great many years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)她好多年了。
A great many people were at the meeting. 很多人參加了會(huì)。
但是，當(dāng)其后接的是人稱代詞或帶有限定詞的名詞時(shí)，則要有of。如：
A good many of them have cars. 他們中的許多人有汽車。
A great many of the trees were destroyed in the storm. 這次暴風(fēng)雨毀了許多樹。
【篇一】2021年上半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法指導(dǎo)
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法辨析：apologize與apology的用法
一、apologize的用法
1. 表示“道歉”，通常是不及物動(dòng)詞，要表示向某人道歉，用介詞to, 要表示因?yàn)槟吃蚨狼富蛱婺橙说狼?，用介詞 for。如：
First, I must apologize to you. 首先，我要向你們表示歉意。
I apologize for not writing before. 我此前未能寫信，謹(jǐn)表歉意。
Karen phoned the other day to apologize for her behaviour. 卡倫前幾天打電話來(lái)對(duì)她的行為表示歉意。
2. 由于 apologize 是不及物動(dòng)詞，所以在其后接 that從句是錯(cuò)誤的。如：
我因踩了她的腳而向她道歉。
誤：I apologized that I stepped on her foot.
正：I apologized to her for stepping on her foot.
二、apology的用法
1. 表示“道歉”，通常是可數(shù)名詞，可以連用不定冠詞，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：
There's no need for apologies. 不必道歉。
I have to begin with an apology. 我得首先表示歉意。
2. 要表示向某人道歉，用介詞 to;要表示因?yàn)槟吃蚨狼富蛱婺橙说狼?，用介詞 for。如：
I make no apology to him for what I said. 我沒(méi)有因說(shuō)了些什么而向他道歉。
I must offer her an apology for not going to her party. 我必須為未參加她的晚會(huì)表示歉意。
【篇二】2021年上半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法指導(dǎo)
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法辨析：Some 和 any 的用法區(qū)別
一、some和any的用法
some意為“一些”、“幾個(gè)”,通常用于肯定句中?，F(xiàn)將其主要用法歸納如下:
1)some作形容詞用時(shí),可以修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
There are some students in the classroom. 教室里有幾個(gè)學(xué)生。
There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。
2)some作代詞用時(shí),可在句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。例如:
Some of the boys are playing games now. 有幾個(gè)男孩現(xiàn)在正在做游戲。
I have no paper. Please give me some. 我沒(méi)有紙了,請(qǐng)給我一些吧。
3)some有時(shí)也可以用在疑問(wèn)句或條件句中,表示請(qǐng)求、建議,并期望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反問(wèn)句中。例如:
Can you give me some money? 你能給我一些錢嗎?
Would you like some more rice? 再來(lái)點(diǎn)米飯好嗎?
Why don't you buy some flowers for her? 你為什么不給她買些花呢?
If you want (some), I'll give you some. 如果你想要(一些),我就給你一些。
any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答語(yǔ)或疑問(wèn)句中。其具體用法如下:
1)any作形容詞用時(shí),可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù),也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么問(wèn)題要問(wèn)嗎?
There isn't any water in this bottle. 這個(gè)瓶子里沒(méi)有水。
2)any作代詞用時(shí),也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。例如:
You may take any of them. 這些東西,你隨便拿哪個(gè)都行。
Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope. 任何一個(gè)頭上長(zhǎng)有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根繩子。
3)any有時(shí)也可用于條件句中。例如:
If you have any time, please come to my house. 如果你有時(shí)間,請(qǐng)來(lái)我家(玩)。
If you have any, give us some. 如果你有的話,就給我們一點(diǎn)兒吧。
二、some和any的區(qū)別
1)一般說(shuō)來(lái)，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。例如：
She wants some chalk.
She doesn't want any chalk.
2)any可與not以外其他有否定含義的詞連用，表達(dá)否定概念。例如：
He never had any regular schooling.
3)any可以用于表達(dá)疑問(wèn)概念的條件句中。例如：
If you have any trouble, please let me know.
4)在下列場(chǎng)合，some也可用于疑問(wèn)句。
1、說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答復(fù)將是肯定的。例如：
Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為下午有人要求，所以用some)
Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?(說(shuō)話人不知道下午是否有人來(lái)，所以用any)
Didn't you give him some tickets?(說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為票已經(jīng)給他了。問(wèn)題的回答是：Sure I did)
Did you give him any tickets?(說(shuō)話人不知道是否給票了。回答可能是yes或no。)
2、款待用語(yǔ)或問(wèn)句的實(shí)質(zhì)等于提出一個(gè)要求并希望得到肯定的回答時(shí)。例如：
Won't you have some more tea?
Could you get me some clips?
這類用語(yǔ)中的some不能用any代替。
3、在“Let me know if you need any help.”這類條件句中，可用some代替any。
用any表示說(shuō)話人完全不知道對(duì)方是否需要幫助，或表示說(shuō)話人愿意向?qū)Ψ教峁o(wú)限量的幫助。
Let me know if you need help.
用some 則表示提供對(duì)方某種程度的、確定的幫助，或者表示期待肯定的回答。
Let me know if you need some help.
三、some和any的練習(xí)
填空:
1. I can see_____birds in the tree.
2. There isn't_____orange juice in my bottle. Please give me_____ .
3. —Do you have_____picture-books? —No, I don't have_____ . But I have_____story-books.
4. —Is there_____rice in the bag? —No, there isn't_____ .
5. —Are there_____boys in the classroom? —No, but there are_____girls in it.
6. —Which one can I take? —You may take_____one of them.
7. —Would you like_____fruit juice, please? —No. I'd like_____tea.
8. If you have_____questions, please put up your hands.
9. May I ask you_____questions, Miss Wang?
10. Can you see_____bikes under the tree?
答案:
1. some
2. any; some
3. any; any; some
4. any; any
5. any; some
6. any
7. some; some
8. any
9. some
10. any
【篇三】2021年上半年英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法指導(dǎo)
英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法用法辨析：Many和Much的用法區(qū)別
1. 兩者都表示“許多”，但 many 修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞(復(fù)數(shù))，與 few(少數(shù))相對(duì);而 much 用來(lái)修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù))，與little(少量)相對(duì)。如：
Did you see many people there? 你在那兒看見(jiàn)許多人了嗎?
Many poets have died young. 許多詩(shī)人很年輕就死了。
Do you have much money left? 你剩的錢多嗎?
He doesn't spend much time preparing his lessons. 他備課不花太多時(shí)間。
2. 關(guān)于many of 和 much of：
(1) 其后接名詞時(shí)，該名詞通常應(yīng)是特指的(比如有the, these, those, my, our, Tom's等修飾)。如：
Many of the farmers grow rice. 很多農(nóng)民種稻子。
Many of his ideas were amusing to her. 他的許多想法使她感到有趣。
He spends much of his time outdoors. 他很多時(shí)間都在戶外度過(guò)。
Much of the land was flooded. 大片土地被水淹沒(méi)。
(2) 如果名詞沒(méi)有表特指的限定詞，通常就不用of。如：
她沒(méi)有吃多少早餐。Many和Much的用法區(qū)別
誤：She didn't eat much of breakfast.
正：She didn't eat much breakfast.
大玻璃杯剩下的不多了。
誤：There aren't many of large glasses left.
正：There aren't many large glasses left.
(3) 如果用了介詞of又沒(méi)有特指限定詞，通常是不可以的。如：
誤：Many of students have read it.
正：Many of the students have read it. 許多學(xué)生讀過(guò)它。
誤：Much of time was wasted.
正：Much of the time was wasted. 大部分時(shí)間都浪費(fèi)了。
(4) 在少數(shù)情況下，much of之后不跟限定詞也可以用，這主要見(jiàn)后接人名和地名的情形。如：
Not much of Denmark is hilly. 丹麥山地不多。
I've seen too much of Howard recently. 近我見(jiàn)霍華德見(jiàn)得太多了。
(5) 在人稱代詞前總是用many of或much of，其中的of不能沒(méi)有。如：
I didn't eat much of it. 這個(gè)我沒(méi)吃多少。
Many of us were too tired to go further. 我們很多人都累得不能再往前走了。
(6) much of有時(shí)可用于一個(gè)還有不定冠詞的名詞前。如：
You can't see much of a country in a week. 一周之內(nèi)看一個(gè)國(guó)家看不了多少地方。
How much of a job would it be to rebuild the garage? 重建這個(gè)車庫(kù)工作量會(huì)是多少?
not much of a 有時(shí)可用于名詞前表示某人對(duì)某物或某人評(píng)價(jià)不高。如：
Then he's not much of a partner. 那時(shí)他不是什么了不起的合伙人。
That might not seem like much of an accomplishment. 那似乎算不上什么成就。
3. 兩者都可與 more 連用，其區(qū)別仍然是 many more之后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，much more 之后接不可數(shù)名詞。如：
There have been many more burglaries this year. 今年盜竊案比過(guò)去多好些。
His car cost much more money than mine. 他的小汽車所花的錢比我的多得多。
有時(shí)其后的名詞可承前省略。如：
Many people support the government, but many more are against it. 許多人支持政府，但更多得多的人反對(duì)它。
另外，其后修飾的不是名詞，而是形容詞或副詞，則用much more，不用many more。如：
You must work much more carefully. 你應(yīng)工作得更加細(xì)心。
Politics is much more difficult than physics. 政治學(xué)比物理學(xué)難。
4. 注意“many a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”的用法：形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上為復(fù)數(shù)(意為“許多”)，若用作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)通常與形式一致而不與意義一致(即謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))。如：
I have told him many a time to be polite. 我多次告訴他要有禮貌。
Many a young man has tried and failed. 很多年輕人都試過(guò)，而且失敗了。
注意，“many a+單數(shù)名詞”是一個(gè)十分正式的結(jié)構(gòu)，在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中一般都用 “many+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”代之。
5. 與a great [good] number of, a great [good] amount of等表達(dá)不同，a great [good] many后接名詞時(shí)，不用介詞of。如：
I've known her for a great many years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)她好多年了。
A great many people were at the meeting. 很多人參加了會(huì)。
但是，當(dāng)其后接的是人稱代詞或帶有限定詞的名詞時(shí)，則要有of。如：
A good many of them have cars. 他們中的許多人有汽車。
A great many of the trees were destroyed in the storm. 這次暴風(fēng)雨毀了許多樹。