我們都是有夢想?yún)s不知道怎么努力付出的糾結(jié)體，是一個需要別人幫忙規(guī)劃人生的幼稚派。為大家準備了以下內(nèi)容，希望對大家有幫助。
1.2021年12月英語四級語法知識
一 、獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：
只有當分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，我們才能用獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立結(jié)構(gòu)只用做狀語，多用于書面語言。常見的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種：
(一) 名詞/代詞+分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)：
1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴隨情況)
2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴隨情況)
(二)名詞/代詞+形容詞：
1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴隨情況)
2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴隨情況)
(三)名詞/代詞+副詞：
1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示補充說明)
2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示補充說明)
(四)名詞/代詞+介詞(短語)
1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴隨情況)
2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴隨情況)
二、獨立結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的作用：
獨立結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中只能做狀語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來：
(一)表示時間：
His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.
(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)
(二)表示原因：
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )
(三)表示條件：
Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.
(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)
(四)表示伴隨情況或伴隨狀況：
They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.
(五)表示補充說明：
He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.
(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)
三、獨立變格的變化
在帶有邏輯主語的分詞及其短語前加”with”
1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?
——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.
A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done
2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.
2.2021年12月英語四級語法知識
分詞的語態(tài)
1)通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是給你錢的那個人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那個被車攔住的人。
2)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一個讀過許多書的人
a much-travelled may 一個去過許多地方的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴
3.2021年12月英語四級語法知識
一般現(xiàn)在時的用法
1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
1.2021年12月英語四級語法知識
一 、獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：
只有當分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時，我們才能用獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。獨立結(jié)構(gòu)只用做狀語，多用于書面語言。常見的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種：
(一) 名詞/代詞+分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)：
1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴隨情況)
2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴隨情況)
(二)名詞/代詞+形容詞：
1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴隨情況)
2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴隨情況)
(三)名詞/代詞+副詞：
1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示補充說明)
2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示補充說明)
(四)名詞/代詞+介詞(短語)
1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴隨情況)
2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴隨情況)
二、獨立結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的作用：
獨立結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中只能做狀語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來：
(一)表示時間：
His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.
(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)
(二)表示原因：
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )
(三)表示條件：
Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.
(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)
(四)表示伴隨情況或伴隨狀況：
They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.
(五)表示補充說明：
He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.
(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)
三、獨立變格的變化
在帶有邏輯主語的分詞及其短語前加”with”
1、——Why are they taking all the equipment away?
——The job_____, they are packing up to leave.
A. it to done B. did C. was did D. done
2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.
2.2021年12月英語四級語法知識
分詞的語態(tài)
1)通常，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動，例如：
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他就是給你錢的那個人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那個被車攔住的人。
2)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一個讀過許多書的人
a much-travelled may 一個去過許多地方的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴
3.2021年12月英語四級語法知識
一般現(xiàn)在時的用法
1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3) 表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。
注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導(dǎo)說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。