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【篇一】2021年6月大學英語六級閱讀專項練習及解析
buddhism is the only important foreign religious influence that has become part and parcel of chinese life. the influence is so deep that we now speak of children’s dolls, and sometimes the children themselves, as“ little buddha ”, and the empress dowager herself was addressed as“old buddha”. the goddess of mercy and the laughing buddha have become chinese household words. buddhism has affected our language , our food, our arts, our sculpture and directly inspired the characteristic pagoda . it has stimulated our literature and our whole world of imagination. the little monkish figure, with his bald head and his gray robes, forms an intimate part of any panorama of society, and buddhist temples, rather than those of confucius, are the center of the town and village life, where the elders gather to decide on village matters and annual celebrations. its monks and nuns penetrate the privacies of chinese households, on all occasions of births, deaths and weddings, as no other persons are allowed to do, and hardly a widow or virgin can be seduced , according to the chinese novels, without the help of these religious figures.
buddhism has conquered china as a philosophy and as a religion, as a philosophy for the scholars and as a religion for the common people. whereas confucianism has only a philosophy of moral conduct, buddhism possesses a logical method, a metaphysics , and a theory of knowledge . besides, it is fortunate in having a high tradition of scholarship in the translations of buddhist classics, and the language of these translations, so succinct and often so distinguished by a beautiful lucidity of language and reasoning, cannot but attract scholars with a philosophical bias. hence buddhism has always enjoyed a prestige among the chinese scholars, which so far christianity has failed to achieve.
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. fill in each blank with the proper form of the words given in the brackets :
1. the injury to their key player could be a________ ( decide ) factor in the basketball game .
2. the president is paying a ________ ( privacy) visit to europe.
3. she had the good ________ ( fortunate) to be free from the disease.
4. some ________ ( influence) politicians change the world chaotic situation.
5. the offer of a high salary and a free house is very________ ( seduce) . 6. he is a truly ________ ( religion ) man who goes to church every day.
Ⅱ. answer the following question in your own words :
why can buddhism win the favor of chinese scholars?
參考答案
Ⅰ.
1. decisive / deciding 2. private 3 . fortune 4. influential 5 . seductive 6. religious
Ⅱ.
because buddhism possesses a logical method, a metaphysics, and a theory of knowledge, in addition, buddhist classics have been translated into brief and beautiful chinese .
參考譯文
佛教
佛 教是一個成為中國人生活重要組成部分的重要外國教派。佛教對中國影響巨 大, 現(xiàn)在我們常常將一些孩子的玩具娃娃稱為“ 小菩薩”, 有時甚至將孩子也稱為“ 小菩 薩”, 我們還將慈禧太后稱為“ 老菩薩( 老佛爺) ”。觀音菩薩和彌勒佛已經(jīng)成為中國家喻戶 曉的名字。佛教影響了我們的語言、飲食、藝術(shù)、雕塑, 還直接給我們靈感, 建造起佛教特有 的寶塔。佛教促進了我國文學的發(fā)展, 刺激了我們整個想象空間。留著光頭、穿著灰色長 袍的小和尚形象已成為中國社會全景圖中不可缺少的畫面。佛教寺廟成為中國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民 生活的中心, 在寺廟里村中老人聚集在一起對村里事務(wù)和每年舉行的慶?；顒幼龀鰶Q定, 而儒教的寺廟則不能發(fā)揮如此大的作用。佛教里的和尚和尼姑已經(jīng)滲透到中國家庭的日 常生活中, 他們出現(xiàn)在孩子出生、葬禮和婚禮等所有重要場合里, 而和尚和尼姑在這些場合 的作用是他人所無法替代的。在中國傳統(tǒng)小說里, 如果沒有這些宗教人物的幫助, 幾乎沒 有一個寡婦或處 女不會被人引誘而誤入歧途。
佛教作為哲學和宗教征服了中國。作為哲學, 佛教贏得了中國學者的心; 作為宗教, 佛 教則獲得了平民百姓的支持。儒教只具有道德行為的哲學, 而佛教則擁有邏輯方法、形而 上學理論和一整套認識學說。另外, 幸運的是, 在翻譯佛家經(jīng)典著作時, 中國具有優(yōu)良的學 術(shù)傳統(tǒng), 翻譯過來的語言簡潔明快, 經(jīng) 文中的語言和推理因美妙易懂而卓爾不群, 即使對哲 學抱有偏見的學者也會被其吸引。因此, 佛教在中國學者中一直享有較高的威望, 這一點 基 督教至今還未能達到。
閱讀導評
儒、道、佛是中國傳統(tǒng)思想文化的三大支柱, 三教的融合一直是中國思想文化發(fā)展的主 流。強調(diào)“無我”的印度佛教與中國本土文化在沖突中融合, 在融合中發(fā)展, 最終以“ 人人 072 皆有佛性”的思想在中國得到了廣泛流傳。遍布各地香火鼎盛的廟宇顯示了佛教在中國的 勃勃生命力。佛教雖是外來的, 但中國的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等各個方面的發(fā)展無不受到佛教 文化的影響。看來這外來的和尚是真的會念經(jīng)。
閱讀導釋
1. 佛教。佛教與基 督教( christianity) 、伊斯蘭教( islam) 并列為世界三大宗教。公元前6 至5 世紀釋迦牟尼( sakyamuni) 創(chuàng)建于古印度, 西漢末年傳入我國, 隋唐是其繁榮鼎盛 期。
2. 重要部分, 主要部分, 如: human needs should be part and parcel of the whole planning and design process. ( 人的需要應該是整個計劃和設(shè)計過程最基本的部分。
3. dowager n. 繼承亡夫爵位( 或遺產(chǎn)) 的遺孀。文中的empress dowager 是指“慈禧太后”。
4. the goddess of mercy 指“ 觀音菩薩”, the laughing buddha 則是指“ 彌勒佛”, 這兩個佛教 的神仙已為廣大中國人所熟悉。buddha n. 佛, 菩薩。
5. 寶塔。塔起源于印度, 最初的漢譯音稱浮屠或塔婆, 最初是用來收藏佛祖釋迦牟尼舍利 的。釋迦牟尼死后, 他的弟子們把他的舍利分別埋葬在許多地方, 建塔作為標志。后來, 一些得道高僧死了, 也建塔紀念。中國的塔有兩類, 一類是佛塔, 一類是供來觀賞、美化 風景的。
6. 對⋯⋯作出決定或決議, 如: decide on a course of action ( 決定行動步驟) 。
7. metaphysics n. 形而上學( 指哲學中探究宇宙根本原理的一個部分, 也稱玄學) 。
【篇二】2021年6月大學英語六級閱讀專項練習及解析
most of the people who lived near jerusalem were jewish. the romans were pagans , but they allowed the jews to practice their faith and did not force them to worship roman gods. about a. d. 30, a holy man named jesus began to attract a following in the roman province of judea. judea is part of the modern nation of israel. his followers came to believe that jesus was the son of the god of the jews and that he performed miracles. the followers of jesus angered roman authorities because they refused to follow either jewish or roman laws. the authorities arrested and crucified jesus. three days after his execution, jesus followers said they saw him rise from the dead.
the followers of jesus called him christ. christ is a greek word that means“ chosen one”, because they believed he was chosen by god to be his messenger. in time the followers of jesus became known as christians. the christians taught that people’s sins would be forgiven if they became christian. this message was not successful with many jews, but many pagans responded to the idea of christian salvation.
many fervent believers carried the message of jesus throughout the roman empire. one of the most successful was a greek-speaking jew named paul of tarsus, known to christians as saint paul. as a young man, he helped to persecute christians, but one day he had a vision in which he believed jesus spoke to him from heaven. paul spent the rest of his life thinking and writing about christianity and winning new converts to the faith. through the persistence of paul and other christian missionaries, small christian communities developed throughout the roman empire.
the first christians believed that jesus would quickly return to earth, so there was no need to create any written records of his life . after about thirty years, christians began to see a need to write down an account of the life and wisdom of jesus. about fifty years after jesus died, christians combined the stories of the life and wisdom of jesus into four books known as gospels. gospel means“ good news”. the holy book of christianity is known as the bible and has two parts. the old testament consists of the sacred writings of the jewish people and was written long before the time of jesus. the new testament of the bible includes the gospels, along with letters written by paul and other christian writers. the bible has been translated into more than 1, 000 languages and has been read by more people than any other book.
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. fill in each blank:
1. the romans were pagans, but they allowed the jews to_________ ( 實踐) their faith and did not force them to _________( 信仰) roman gods.
2. his followers came to believe that jesus was the son of the god of the jews and that he performed _________( 奇跡) .
3. the christians taught that people’s sins would be_________ ( 寬恕) if they became christian.
4. about fifty years after jesus died , christians _________( 組成) the stories of the life and wisdom of jesus into four books known as _________( 福音) , which means “good news”.
5. the holy book of christianity is known as the _________( 圣經(jīng)) and has two parts: the old testament and the new testament.
Ⅱ. questions :
what is the holy book of christianity and how many parts does it have ? what are they about?
參考答案
Ⅰ.
1. practice / worship 2 . miracles 3. forgiven 4. combined / gospels 5. bible
Ⅱ.
the holy book of christianity is known as the bible and it has two parts. the old testament consists of the sacred writings of the jewish people and was written long before the time of jesus. the new testament of the bible includes the gospels, along with letters written by paul and other christian writers.
參考譯文
成功的塔爾蘇斯人保羅
居 住在耶路撒冷附近的人大多都是*人。羅馬人雖然是異教徒, 但是他們允許* 人進行自己的宗教活動, 并不強 迫*人信奉羅馬神。大約公元30 年, 一位名為耶穌的圣 人在羅馬朱迪亞省城附近吸引了一大群信徒。朱迪亞是現(xiàn)代以色列的一部分。信徒們相 信耶穌是*人的上帝的兒子, 并且會創(chuàng)造奇跡。他們既不遵奉*法也不遵奉羅馬法, 從而激怒了羅馬*。官方逮捕了耶穌并將他釘死在十字架上。行刑后三天, 耶穌的信徒 說他們看到耶穌死后升 天了。
耶穌的信徒稱他為基 督。christ 是個希臘詞, 意思為“ 被選中的人”, 因為他們相信耶 穌是被上帝選中充當信使的人。最終, 耶穌的信徒們也就成了大家所知道的基 督徒?；?督 徒教導人們?nèi)绻麄兂蔀榛?督徒, 他們的罪惡就會得到寬恕。這個說法雖然對很多*人 沒什么效果, 卻讓許多異教徒接受了基 督救世的思想。
許多狂熱的信徒在羅馬帝國到處傳播耶穌神示。最為成功的信徒之一是叫保羅的塔 爾蘇斯人, 他是個說希臘語的*人, 也就是基 督徒們知道的圣保羅。保羅年輕時, 曾幫助迫 害基 督徒。但是有一天, 他看到了一幅幻景: 耶穌自天國對他說話。保羅傾其余生都在 思考和寫基 督教方面的東西并最終皈依基 督。在保羅和其他基 督教傳教士堅持不懈的努 力之下, 許多基 督教小團體在羅馬帝國發(fā)展起來。
早期的基 督徒都相信耶穌很快就會重返人間, 所以他們認為沒有必要對他的生活經(jīng)歷 作任何書面記載。大約30 年后, 他們開始認識到記錄耶穌的生平及其思想的必要性。耶 穌死后大約50 年, 基 督徒們將記錄耶穌的生活和思想的內(nèi)容合在一起編成四本書, 這就是 大家熟悉的《福音》?！?福音”即“ 佳音”?；?督教的圣書是《圣經(jīng)》, 它分《舊約》與《新約》兩 部分。《舊約》包含記載*人祭祀神的文章, 寫成于耶穌之前很久的年代。《新約》則包 括了《福音》及保羅和其他基 督教作者寫的書信。《圣經(jīng)》已經(jīng)被翻譯成一千多種語言, 比 其他任何書的流傳都要廣。
閱讀導評
對于西方國家, 特別是說英語的國家, 基 督教占有十分重要的地位, 是其人民的精神支 柱, 是國家文化的組成部分。所以, 要了解西方文明, 就繞不開基 督教及其經(jīng)典著作《圣經(jīng)》。
閱讀導釋
1. 耶路撒冷, 地名, 是西南亞巴勒斯坦地區(qū)古城, 伊斯蘭教、*教和基 督教的圣地, 因 此, 耶路撒冷被比作“天堂, 福地”。
2. 這個詞是“ 異教徒”的意思。它原本指“ 非基 督教徒、非*教徒或非伊斯蘭教徒”。這 里, 根據(jù)文章的含義, 它指的是不信*教的人。
3. ( 神創(chuàng)造的) 奇跡, 人間奇跡。它可作“ 驚人的事例, 令人驚嘆的人或事物”解, 如: the bridge was a miracle of engineering. ( 這座橋是工程學上的一大奇跡。)
4. crucify 是個與基 督教聯(lián)系很緊密的詞語, 它指“ 把⋯⋯的手腳釘在十字架上處死”。它 所派生出的名詞the crucifixion 特指“耶穌之釘死于十字架”或“ 耶穌被釘死在十字架上 的畫或雕像”。
5. 基 督, 原是耶穌的頭銜: jesus the christ, 現(xiàn)成為其名字jesus christ 的一部分?，F(xiàn)在世界 通用的公元紀年即是以耶穌誕生那年定為公元1 年的, 公元紀年的表示法ad 即拉丁語 anno domini 的縮寫, 意思就是“耶穌紀元后( since christ was born) ”, 而大家通常所說的 “ 公元前”即bc, 也就是指耶穌誕生前, bc 是before christ 的縮寫。
6. 羅馬帝國。公元前27 年到公元476 年間, 古羅馬占據(jù)了整個地中海地區(qū), 395 年分 裂為東西兩部。西羅馬帝國滅亡于476 年。馬克思主義史學一般認為這是西歐奴隸占有制 社會歷史的終結(jié)。
【篇三】2021年6月大學英語六級閱讀專項練習及解析
he was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if i had to convey the essence of albert einstein in a single word, i would choose simplicity. perhaps an anecdote will help. once, caught in a downpour, he took off his hat and held it under his coat. asked why, he explained, with admirable logic , that the rain would damage the hat, but his hair would be none the worse for its wetting. this knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries — this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.
i first met albert einstein in 1935 , at the famous institute for advanced study in princeton, n. j. he had been among the first to be invited to the institute, and was offered carte blanche as to salary. to the director’s dismay, einstein asked for an impossible sum: it was far too small. the director had to plead with him to accept a larger salary.
i was in awe of einstein, and hesitated before approaching him about some ideas i had been working on. when i finally knocked on his door, a gentle voice said, “come ”—with a rising inflection that made the single word both a welcome and a question. i entered his office and found him seated at a table, calculating and smoking his pipe. dressed in ill-fitting clothes, his hair characteristically awry , he smiled a warm welcome . his utter naturalness at once set me at ease.
as i began to explain my ideas, he asked me to write the equations on the blackboard so he could see how they developed. then came the staggering — and altogether endearing — request:“ please go slowly. i do not understand things quickly. ”this from einstein! he said it gently, and i laughed. from then on, all vestiges of fear were gone .
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. fill in the blanks with proper words of the passage:
1. if i have to describe albert einstein in a single word, i would choose_______ ( 單 純) .
2. caught in a_______ ( 傾盆大雨) , i have got a bad cough.
3. in the hometown of emperor zhu yuanzhang, there are many _______ ( 軼事) about him.
4. to my _______ ( 沮喪) , my father doesn’t buy me the walkman i like best. 5. helen keller is so strong-minded a person that i am _______ ( 敬畏) her.
Ⅱ. questions :
after reading this passage , do you have a new understanding of this famous person, albert einstein? if yes, then what is it?
參考答案
Ⅰ.
1. simplicity 2. downpour 3. anecdotes 4. dismay 5 . in awe of
Ⅱ.
yes, i have a new understanding of him. i find he is not only a great scientist but also a simple man. he is polite and kind to the young people. also he is a little humorous.
參考譯文
愛因斯坦軼事
阿 爾伯特· 愛因斯坦是世界上最偉大的科學家之一, 然而如果要用一個詞來形容他的 話, 那就是單純。還是看一段他的軼事吧。一次, 愛因斯坦遇上了傾盆大雨, 他便摘下帽子 把它夾在上衣里。問他為什么這樣做, 他的解釋真是妙極了: 大雨會淋壞帽子, 而頭發(fā)淋一 下卻無傷大雅。他具有一把抓住事物核心的天賦, 而且對美有著獨特的感受, 這是他探索 重大科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的訣竅所在。
我第一次見阿爾伯特· 愛因斯坦是1935 年, 在新澤西州普林斯頓鎮(zhèn)的高等研究 院。他是首批被邀請到研究院工作的, 院方給予的待遇是一張簽好字的空白支票。令院長 沮喪的是, 愛因斯坦的要求讓你難以接受: 他索要甚少。院長不得不懇求他多索要一些薪 水。
我敬畏愛因斯坦, 在就我所做的研究向他請教之前, 我都感到忐忑不安。最終, 我敲響 了他辦公室的門,“ 進來”, 一個溫柔的聲音說道——— 那種升調(diào)使得這個簡單的詞語既表示歡 迎又含有疑問。我走進辦公室, 看到他坐在桌子旁邊, 一邊正計算著什么, 一邊還抽著煙 斗。愛因斯坦不修邊幅, 頭發(fā)蓬亂, 頗有特色, 他微笑著向我表示熱烈歡迎。那種輕松自如 的神態(tài), 立刻讓我覺得很放松。
我正要向他解釋我的想法, 他讓我把等式寫在黑板上, 以便他能看清楚等式的演算過 程。然后他提了一個令人吃驚的——— 又讓人喜愛的——— 請求:“ 請慢點寫, 我反應慢?！边@ 話竟出自愛因斯坦! 他說話如此斯文, 我笑了。自那一刻起, 我對愛因斯坦一點都不覺得 害怕了。
閱讀導評
人們說, 一滴水中見天光, 一粒沙中看世界。愛因斯坦曾經(jīng)說過:“ 照亮我的道路, 并且 不斷地給我新的勇氣, 去愉快地正視生活的理想的東西是真、善和美?！苯裉? 通過生活中的 這些點滴小事, 我們看到了他至真、至善、至美的一面。從而, 這也讓我們看到了這位偉大 的科學家的人格魅力之所在。
閱讀導釋
1. 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦( 1879—1955) , 20 世紀最偉大的科學家之一。他出生在德國烏爾 姆, 直到3 歲才開始講話, 他從小就對自然界充滿強烈的好奇心并對數(shù)學概念有較強的 理解能力。1905 年, 愛因斯坦發(fā)表了的《狹義相對論》( special theory of relativity) , 解釋了時間、空間和運動等基本自然現(xiàn)象之間的關(guān)系。1916 年, 他發(fā)表《廣義相對論》 ( general theory of relativity) , 用公式表示能量和質(zhì)量之間關(guān)系, 解釋了太陽取之不盡的能 量的本質(zhì), 為原子能的發(fā)現(xiàn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。1921 年, 愛因斯坦因發(fā)現(xiàn)光電效應定律而獲諾貝爾物理獎。他還曾參加過反戰(zhàn)、反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭, 并反對使用核武器。
2. 在這里是“ 本質(zhì), 實質(zhì)”的意思, 和詞組in essence 意思相同。essence 可作“ 精髓, 精華” 解, of the essence 引申為“極其重要的, 必不可少的”。
3.“ 軼事, 趣聞”的意思, 指歷史或名人生平中不曾發(fā)表過的秘聞。
4. 這個詞組作“并不更差, 依然如此”解, 如: i like a man none the worse for being outspoken. ( 我并不因為一個人直言不諱而討厭他。)
5. n. j. 是new jersey ( 新澤西州) 的縮寫。princeton ( 普林斯頓) 是新澤西州中部一個自治 鎮(zhèn), 就是這個小鎮(zhèn)竟被人們稱為“ 學術(shù)圣地”, 原因是這里有兩個高等學府: 普林斯頓大 學( university of princeton) 和普林斯頓高等研究院( princeton institute for advanced study) 。這篇文章中提到的是普林斯頓高等研究院。該研究院為了保持活力, 開學術(shù)交 流之風氣, 常邀請世界各地教授到這里訪問研究。他們聘請教授長則一年, 短則數(shù)月, 但 很少有終身教授。 6. 這是個法語詞, 指“ 簽好字的空白支票”, 引申為“全權(quán), 自由處理權(quán)”。這里的意思是“ 愛 因斯坦想要多少工資就可以自己填上多少”。
7. 這個詞組作“敬畏”解, 常用于句型stand / be in awe of somebody 中, 如: the soldier stood in awe of the general. ( 士兵敬畏將軍。)
8.“曲的, 斜的”的意思, 一般用作表語, 既可作形容詞也可作副詞使用, 如: glance awry ( 斜 視) , 這里是形容詞。這個詞還可作“ 離開了預期或正確方向的, 錯的”解, 如: 短語go / run awry 指“人背離正道, 走上邪路”, 比喻事情出岔子, 失敗。
【篇一】2021年6月大學英語六級閱讀專項練習及解析
buddhism is the only important foreign religious influence that has become part and parcel of chinese life. the influence is so deep that we now speak of children’s dolls, and sometimes the children themselves, as“ little buddha ”, and the empress dowager herself was addressed as“old buddha”. the goddess of mercy and the laughing buddha have become chinese household words. buddhism has affected our language , our food, our arts, our sculpture and directly inspired the characteristic pagoda . it has stimulated our literature and our whole world of imagination. the little monkish figure, with his bald head and his gray robes, forms an intimate part of any panorama of society, and buddhist temples, rather than those of confucius, are the center of the town and village life, where the elders gather to decide on village matters and annual celebrations. its monks and nuns penetrate the privacies of chinese households, on all occasions of births, deaths and weddings, as no other persons are allowed to do, and hardly a widow or virgin can be seduced , according to the chinese novels, without the help of these religious figures.
buddhism has conquered china as a philosophy and as a religion, as a philosophy for the scholars and as a religion for the common people. whereas confucianism has only a philosophy of moral conduct, buddhism possesses a logical method, a metaphysics , and a theory of knowledge . besides, it is fortunate in having a high tradition of scholarship in the translations of buddhist classics, and the language of these translations, so succinct and often so distinguished by a beautiful lucidity of language and reasoning, cannot but attract scholars with a philosophical bias. hence buddhism has always enjoyed a prestige among the chinese scholars, which so far christianity has failed to achieve.
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. fill in each blank with the proper form of the words given in the brackets :
1. the injury to their key player could be a________ ( decide ) factor in the basketball game .
2. the president is paying a ________ ( privacy) visit to europe.
3. she had the good ________ ( fortunate) to be free from the disease.
4. some ________ ( influence) politicians change the world chaotic situation.
5. the offer of a high salary and a free house is very________ ( seduce) . 6. he is a truly ________ ( religion ) man who goes to church every day.
Ⅱ. answer the following question in your own words :
why can buddhism win the favor of chinese scholars?
參考答案
Ⅰ.
1. decisive / deciding 2. private 3 . fortune 4. influential 5 . seductive 6. religious
Ⅱ.
because buddhism possesses a logical method, a metaphysics, and a theory of knowledge, in addition, buddhist classics have been translated into brief and beautiful chinese .
參考譯文
佛教
佛 教是一個成為中國人生活重要組成部分的重要外國教派。佛教對中國影響巨 大, 現(xiàn)在我們常常將一些孩子的玩具娃娃稱為“ 小菩薩”, 有時甚至將孩子也稱為“ 小菩 薩”, 我們還將慈禧太后稱為“ 老菩薩( 老佛爺) ”。觀音菩薩和彌勒佛已經(jīng)成為中國家喻戶 曉的名字。佛教影響了我們的語言、飲食、藝術(shù)、雕塑, 還直接給我們靈感, 建造起佛教特有 的寶塔。佛教促進了我國文學的發(fā)展, 刺激了我們整個想象空間。留著光頭、穿著灰色長 袍的小和尚形象已成為中國社會全景圖中不可缺少的畫面。佛教寺廟成為中國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)人民 生活的中心, 在寺廟里村中老人聚集在一起對村里事務(wù)和每年舉行的慶?；顒幼龀鰶Q定, 而儒教的寺廟則不能發(fā)揮如此大的作用。佛教里的和尚和尼姑已經(jīng)滲透到中國家庭的日 常生活中, 他們出現(xiàn)在孩子出生、葬禮和婚禮等所有重要場合里, 而和尚和尼姑在這些場合 的作用是他人所無法替代的。在中國傳統(tǒng)小說里, 如果沒有這些宗教人物的幫助, 幾乎沒 有一個寡婦或處 女不會被人引誘而誤入歧途。
佛教作為哲學和宗教征服了中國。作為哲學, 佛教贏得了中國學者的心; 作為宗教, 佛 教則獲得了平民百姓的支持。儒教只具有道德行為的哲學, 而佛教則擁有邏輯方法、形而 上學理論和一整套認識學說。另外, 幸運的是, 在翻譯佛家經(jīng)典著作時, 中國具有優(yōu)良的學 術(shù)傳統(tǒng), 翻譯過來的語言簡潔明快, 經(jīng) 文中的語言和推理因美妙易懂而卓爾不群, 即使對哲 學抱有偏見的學者也會被其吸引。因此, 佛教在中國學者中一直享有較高的威望, 這一點 基 督教至今還未能達到。
閱讀導評
儒、道、佛是中國傳統(tǒng)思想文化的三大支柱, 三教的融合一直是中國思想文化發(fā)展的主 流。強調(diào)“無我”的印度佛教與中國本土文化在沖突中融合, 在融合中發(fā)展, 最終以“ 人人 072 皆有佛性”的思想在中國得到了廣泛流傳。遍布各地香火鼎盛的廟宇顯示了佛教在中國的 勃勃生命力。佛教雖是外來的, 但中國的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等各個方面的發(fā)展無不受到佛教 文化的影響。看來這外來的和尚是真的會念經(jīng)。
閱讀導釋
1. 佛教。佛教與基 督教( christianity) 、伊斯蘭教( islam) 并列為世界三大宗教。公元前6 至5 世紀釋迦牟尼( sakyamuni) 創(chuàng)建于古印度, 西漢末年傳入我國, 隋唐是其繁榮鼎盛 期。
2. 重要部分, 主要部分, 如: human needs should be part and parcel of the whole planning and design process. ( 人的需要應該是整個計劃和設(shè)計過程最基本的部分。
3. dowager n. 繼承亡夫爵位( 或遺產(chǎn)) 的遺孀。文中的empress dowager 是指“慈禧太后”。
4. the goddess of mercy 指“ 觀音菩薩”, the laughing buddha 則是指“ 彌勒佛”, 這兩個佛教 的神仙已為廣大中國人所熟悉。buddha n. 佛, 菩薩。
5. 寶塔。塔起源于印度, 最初的漢譯音稱浮屠或塔婆, 最初是用來收藏佛祖釋迦牟尼舍利 的。釋迦牟尼死后, 他的弟子們把他的舍利分別埋葬在許多地方, 建塔作為標志。后來, 一些得道高僧死了, 也建塔紀念。中國的塔有兩類, 一類是佛塔, 一類是供來觀賞、美化 風景的。
6. 對⋯⋯作出決定或決議, 如: decide on a course of action ( 決定行動步驟) 。
7. metaphysics n. 形而上學( 指哲學中探究宇宙根本原理的一個部分, 也稱玄學) 。
【篇二】2021年6月大學英語六級閱讀專項練習及解析
most of the people who lived near jerusalem were jewish. the romans were pagans , but they allowed the jews to practice their faith and did not force them to worship roman gods. about a. d. 30, a holy man named jesus began to attract a following in the roman province of judea. judea is part of the modern nation of israel. his followers came to believe that jesus was the son of the god of the jews and that he performed miracles. the followers of jesus angered roman authorities because they refused to follow either jewish or roman laws. the authorities arrested and crucified jesus. three days after his execution, jesus followers said they saw him rise from the dead.
the followers of jesus called him christ. christ is a greek word that means“ chosen one”, because they believed he was chosen by god to be his messenger. in time the followers of jesus became known as christians. the christians taught that people’s sins would be forgiven if they became christian. this message was not successful with many jews, but many pagans responded to the idea of christian salvation.
many fervent believers carried the message of jesus throughout the roman empire. one of the most successful was a greek-speaking jew named paul of tarsus, known to christians as saint paul. as a young man, he helped to persecute christians, but one day he had a vision in which he believed jesus spoke to him from heaven. paul spent the rest of his life thinking and writing about christianity and winning new converts to the faith. through the persistence of paul and other christian missionaries, small christian communities developed throughout the roman empire.
the first christians believed that jesus would quickly return to earth, so there was no need to create any written records of his life . after about thirty years, christians began to see a need to write down an account of the life and wisdom of jesus. about fifty years after jesus died, christians combined the stories of the life and wisdom of jesus into four books known as gospels. gospel means“ good news”. the holy book of christianity is known as the bible and has two parts. the old testament consists of the sacred writings of the jewish people and was written long before the time of jesus. the new testament of the bible includes the gospels, along with letters written by paul and other christian writers. the bible has been translated into more than 1, 000 languages and has been read by more people than any other book.
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. fill in each blank:
1. the romans were pagans, but they allowed the jews to_________ ( 實踐) their faith and did not force them to _________( 信仰) roman gods.
2. his followers came to believe that jesus was the son of the god of the jews and that he performed _________( 奇跡) .
3. the christians taught that people’s sins would be_________ ( 寬恕) if they became christian.
4. about fifty years after jesus died , christians _________( 組成) the stories of the life and wisdom of jesus into four books known as _________( 福音) , which means “good news”.
5. the holy book of christianity is known as the _________( 圣經(jīng)) and has two parts: the old testament and the new testament.
Ⅱ. questions :
what is the holy book of christianity and how many parts does it have ? what are they about?
參考答案
Ⅰ.
1. practice / worship 2 . miracles 3. forgiven 4. combined / gospels 5. bible
Ⅱ.
the holy book of christianity is known as the bible and it has two parts. the old testament consists of the sacred writings of the jewish people and was written long before the time of jesus. the new testament of the bible includes the gospels, along with letters written by paul and other christian writers.
參考譯文
成功的塔爾蘇斯人保羅
居 住在耶路撒冷附近的人大多都是*人。羅馬人雖然是異教徒, 但是他們允許* 人進行自己的宗教活動, 并不強 迫*人信奉羅馬神。大約公元30 年, 一位名為耶穌的圣 人在羅馬朱迪亞省城附近吸引了一大群信徒。朱迪亞是現(xiàn)代以色列的一部分。信徒們相 信耶穌是*人的上帝的兒子, 并且會創(chuàng)造奇跡。他們既不遵奉*法也不遵奉羅馬法, 從而激怒了羅馬*。官方逮捕了耶穌并將他釘死在十字架上。行刑后三天, 耶穌的信徒 說他們看到耶穌死后升 天了。
耶穌的信徒稱他為基 督。christ 是個希臘詞, 意思為“ 被選中的人”, 因為他們相信耶 穌是被上帝選中充當信使的人。最終, 耶穌的信徒們也就成了大家所知道的基 督徒?；?督 徒教導人們?nèi)绻麄兂蔀榛?督徒, 他們的罪惡就會得到寬恕。這個說法雖然對很多*人 沒什么效果, 卻讓許多異教徒接受了基 督救世的思想。
許多狂熱的信徒在羅馬帝國到處傳播耶穌神示。最為成功的信徒之一是叫保羅的塔 爾蘇斯人, 他是個說希臘語的*人, 也就是基 督徒們知道的圣保羅。保羅年輕時, 曾幫助迫 害基 督徒。但是有一天, 他看到了一幅幻景: 耶穌自天國對他說話。保羅傾其余生都在 思考和寫基 督教方面的東西并最終皈依基 督。在保羅和其他基 督教傳教士堅持不懈的努 力之下, 許多基 督教小團體在羅馬帝國發(fā)展起來。
早期的基 督徒都相信耶穌很快就會重返人間, 所以他們認為沒有必要對他的生活經(jīng)歷 作任何書面記載。大約30 年后, 他們開始認識到記錄耶穌的生平及其思想的必要性。耶 穌死后大約50 年, 基 督徒們將記錄耶穌的生活和思想的內(nèi)容合在一起編成四本書, 這就是 大家熟悉的《福音》?！?福音”即“ 佳音”?；?督教的圣書是《圣經(jīng)》, 它分《舊約》與《新約》兩 部分。《舊約》包含記載*人祭祀神的文章, 寫成于耶穌之前很久的年代。《新約》則包 括了《福音》及保羅和其他基 督教作者寫的書信。《圣經(jīng)》已經(jīng)被翻譯成一千多種語言, 比 其他任何書的流傳都要廣。
閱讀導評
對于西方國家, 特別是說英語的國家, 基 督教占有十分重要的地位, 是其人民的精神支 柱, 是國家文化的組成部分。所以, 要了解西方文明, 就繞不開基 督教及其經(jīng)典著作《圣經(jīng)》。
閱讀導釋
1. 耶路撒冷, 地名, 是西南亞巴勒斯坦地區(qū)古城, 伊斯蘭教、*教和基 督教的圣地, 因 此, 耶路撒冷被比作“天堂, 福地”。
2. 這個詞是“ 異教徒”的意思。它原本指“ 非基 督教徒、非*教徒或非伊斯蘭教徒”。這 里, 根據(jù)文章的含義, 它指的是不信*教的人。
3. ( 神創(chuàng)造的) 奇跡, 人間奇跡。它可作“ 驚人的事例, 令人驚嘆的人或事物”解, 如: the bridge was a miracle of engineering. ( 這座橋是工程學上的一大奇跡。)
4. crucify 是個與基 督教聯(lián)系很緊密的詞語, 它指“ 把⋯⋯的手腳釘在十字架上處死”。它 所派生出的名詞the crucifixion 特指“耶穌之釘死于十字架”或“ 耶穌被釘死在十字架上 的畫或雕像”。
5. 基 督, 原是耶穌的頭銜: jesus the christ, 現(xiàn)成為其名字jesus christ 的一部分?，F(xiàn)在世界 通用的公元紀年即是以耶穌誕生那年定為公元1 年的, 公元紀年的表示法ad 即拉丁語 anno domini 的縮寫, 意思就是“耶穌紀元后( since christ was born) ”, 而大家通常所說的 “ 公元前”即bc, 也就是指耶穌誕生前, bc 是before christ 的縮寫。
6. 羅馬帝國。公元前27 年到公元476 年間, 古羅馬占據(jù)了整個地中海地區(qū), 395 年分 裂為東西兩部。西羅馬帝國滅亡于476 年。馬克思主義史學一般認為這是西歐奴隸占有制 社會歷史的終結(jié)。
【篇三】2021年6月大學英語六級閱讀專項練習及解析
he was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if i had to convey the essence of albert einstein in a single word, i would choose simplicity. perhaps an anecdote will help. once, caught in a downpour, he took off his hat and held it under his coat. asked why, he explained, with admirable logic , that the rain would damage the hat, but his hair would be none the worse for its wetting. this knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries — this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.
i first met albert einstein in 1935 , at the famous institute for advanced study in princeton, n. j. he had been among the first to be invited to the institute, and was offered carte blanche as to salary. to the director’s dismay, einstein asked for an impossible sum: it was far too small. the director had to plead with him to accept a larger salary.
i was in awe of einstein, and hesitated before approaching him about some ideas i had been working on. when i finally knocked on his door, a gentle voice said, “come ”—with a rising inflection that made the single word both a welcome and a question. i entered his office and found him seated at a table, calculating and smoking his pipe. dressed in ill-fitting clothes, his hair characteristically awry , he smiled a warm welcome . his utter naturalness at once set me at ease.
as i began to explain my ideas, he asked me to write the equations on the blackboard so he could see how they developed. then came the staggering — and altogether endearing — request:“ please go slowly. i do not understand things quickly. ”this from einstein! he said it gently, and i laughed. from then on, all vestiges of fear were gone .
閱讀自測
Ⅰ. fill in the blanks with proper words of the passage:
1. if i have to describe albert einstein in a single word, i would choose_______ ( 單 純) .
2. caught in a_______ ( 傾盆大雨) , i have got a bad cough.
3. in the hometown of emperor zhu yuanzhang, there are many _______ ( 軼事) about him.
4. to my _______ ( 沮喪) , my father doesn’t buy me the walkman i like best. 5. helen keller is so strong-minded a person that i am _______ ( 敬畏) her.
Ⅱ. questions :
after reading this passage , do you have a new understanding of this famous person, albert einstein? if yes, then what is it?
參考答案
Ⅰ.
1. simplicity 2. downpour 3. anecdotes 4. dismay 5 . in awe of
Ⅱ.
yes, i have a new understanding of him. i find he is not only a great scientist but also a simple man. he is polite and kind to the young people. also he is a little humorous.
參考譯文
愛因斯坦軼事
阿 爾伯特· 愛因斯坦是世界上最偉大的科學家之一, 然而如果要用一個詞來形容他的 話, 那就是單純。還是看一段他的軼事吧。一次, 愛因斯坦遇上了傾盆大雨, 他便摘下帽子 把它夾在上衣里。問他為什么這樣做, 他的解釋真是妙極了: 大雨會淋壞帽子, 而頭發(fā)淋一 下卻無傷大雅。他具有一把抓住事物核心的天賦, 而且對美有著獨特的感受, 這是他探索 重大科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的訣竅所在。
我第一次見阿爾伯特· 愛因斯坦是1935 年, 在新澤西州普林斯頓鎮(zhèn)的高等研究 院。他是首批被邀請到研究院工作的, 院方給予的待遇是一張簽好字的空白支票。令院長 沮喪的是, 愛因斯坦的要求讓你難以接受: 他索要甚少。院長不得不懇求他多索要一些薪 水。
我敬畏愛因斯坦, 在就我所做的研究向他請教之前, 我都感到忐忑不安。最終, 我敲響 了他辦公室的門,“ 進來”, 一個溫柔的聲音說道——— 那種升調(diào)使得這個簡單的詞語既表示歡 迎又含有疑問。我走進辦公室, 看到他坐在桌子旁邊, 一邊正計算著什么, 一邊還抽著煙 斗。愛因斯坦不修邊幅, 頭發(fā)蓬亂, 頗有特色, 他微笑著向我表示熱烈歡迎。那種輕松自如 的神態(tài), 立刻讓我覺得很放松。
我正要向他解釋我的想法, 他讓我把等式寫在黑板上, 以便他能看清楚等式的演算過 程。然后他提了一個令人吃驚的——— 又讓人喜愛的——— 請求:“ 請慢點寫, 我反應慢?！边@ 話竟出自愛因斯坦! 他說話如此斯文, 我笑了。自那一刻起, 我對愛因斯坦一點都不覺得 害怕了。
閱讀導評
人們說, 一滴水中見天光, 一粒沙中看世界。愛因斯坦曾經(jīng)說過:“ 照亮我的道路, 并且 不斷地給我新的勇氣, 去愉快地正視生活的理想的東西是真、善和美?！苯裉? 通過生活中的 這些點滴小事, 我們看到了他至真、至善、至美的一面。從而, 這也讓我們看到了這位偉大 的科學家的人格魅力之所在。
閱讀導釋
1. 阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦( 1879—1955) , 20 世紀最偉大的科學家之一。他出生在德國烏爾 姆, 直到3 歲才開始講話, 他從小就對自然界充滿強烈的好奇心并對數(shù)學概念有較強的 理解能力。1905 年, 愛因斯坦發(fā)表了的《狹義相對論》( special theory of relativity) , 解釋了時間、空間和運動等基本自然現(xiàn)象之間的關(guān)系。1916 年, 他發(fā)表《廣義相對論》 ( general theory of relativity) , 用公式表示能量和質(zhì)量之間關(guān)系, 解釋了太陽取之不盡的能 量的本質(zhì), 為原子能的發(fā)現(xiàn)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。1921 年, 愛因斯坦因發(fā)現(xiàn)光電效應定律而獲諾貝爾物理獎。他還曾參加過反戰(zhàn)、反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭, 并反對使用核武器。
2. 在這里是“ 本質(zhì), 實質(zhì)”的意思, 和詞組in essence 意思相同。essence 可作“ 精髓, 精華” 解, of the essence 引申為“極其重要的, 必不可少的”。
3.“ 軼事, 趣聞”的意思, 指歷史或名人生平中不曾發(fā)表過的秘聞。
4. 這個詞組作“并不更差, 依然如此”解, 如: i like a man none the worse for being outspoken. ( 我并不因為一個人直言不諱而討厭他。)
5. n. j. 是new jersey ( 新澤西州) 的縮寫。princeton ( 普林斯頓) 是新澤西州中部一個自治 鎮(zhèn), 就是這個小鎮(zhèn)竟被人們稱為“ 學術(shù)圣地”, 原因是這里有兩個高等學府: 普林斯頓大 學( university of princeton) 和普林斯頓高等研究院( princeton institute for advanced study) 。這篇文章中提到的是普林斯頓高等研究院。該研究院為了保持活力, 開學術(shù)交 流之風氣, 常邀請世界各地教授到這里訪問研究。他們聘請教授長則一年, 短則數(shù)月, 但 很少有終身教授。 6. 這是個法語詞, 指“ 簽好字的空白支票”, 引申為“全權(quán), 自由處理權(quán)”。這里的意思是“ 愛 因斯坦想要多少工資就可以自己填上多少”。
7. 這個詞組作“敬畏”解, 常用于句型stand / be in awe of somebody 中, 如: the soldier stood in awe of the general. ( 士兵敬畏將軍。)
8.“曲的, 斜的”的意思, 一般用作表語, 既可作形容詞也可作副詞使用, 如: glance awry ( 斜 視) , 這里是形容詞。這個詞還可作“ 離開了預期或正確方向的, 錯的”解, 如: 短語go / run awry 指“人背離正道, 走上邪路”, 比喻事情出岔子, 失敗。