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【篇一】2020年上半年英語四級高級語法講解
被動(dòng)式：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
功用：不定式可以作主語 (a)，賓語 (b)，表語 (c)，定語 (d) 或是狀語 (e)。
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
不帶to 的不定式：
在“動(dòng)詞+ 賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果動(dòng)詞是表示感覺意義的see，hear，watch，smell，feel，notice等，或是表示“致使”意義的 have，make，let等，其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不帶to。
John made her tell him everything.
這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式。
She was made to tell him everything.
在 had better，had best，would rather，would sooner，would just as soon，might (just) as well，cannot but 等搭配之后，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to。
I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
They cannot but accept his term.
在make do，make believe，let drop，let fall，let fly，let slip，let drive，let go of，let there be，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.
I've heard tell of him.
在動(dòng)詞help(或help +賓語)之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。
Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?
在介詞except，but 之后，如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，不定式一般不帶to，反之帶to。
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.
Smith will do anything but work on a farm.
There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
連詞 rather than，sooner than 置于句首時(shí)，其后的不定式不帶to。
Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.
出現(xiàn)在句中其他位置時(shí)，其后的不定式有時(shí)帶to，有時(shí)不帶to。
He decided to write rather than telephone.
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.
用作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞不定式，如果主語是由“all + 關(guān)系分句”，“thing +關(guān)系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”等構(gòu)成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時(shí)，作為主語補(bǔ)語的不定式可以省to，也可以不省。
What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is complete the form
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
The thing to do now is clear up this mess.
The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.
【篇二】2020年上半年英語四級高級語法講解
可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo);
lest：以防;從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須用should+動(dòng)詞原形;
eg: He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
He took the umbrella with him lest it should rain.
in case：以防;與lest不同，從句里的時(shí)態(tài)不做特殊變化;
eg：Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.
for feat that：和lest保持一致;
eg：A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.
let…down…：讓……感到氣餒
【篇三】2020年上半年英語四級高級語法講解
方式狀語從句通常由as,,as if, as though，the way, what引導(dǎo);
eg：Always do to the others as you would be done by.
When enter rome do as the romans do .
(1)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像";
(2)as if/though："仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的";
有時(shí)用虛擬語氣，有時(shí)不用;
eg：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. (與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
(與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)
(3)the way：可以連接兩個(gè)句子，表達(dá)就像……一樣;
eg：I should do the job the way my father did.
Many Europeans now apparently view the US. the way many Americans view Mexican as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party.
(4)what：就像，猶如;
eg：Air is to man what/as water is to fish.
句型：A is to B what C is to D.
eg：A1 Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.
put sb. on a path to a solution：找到解決的辦法
【篇一】2020年上半年英語四級高級語法講解
被動(dòng)式：當(dāng)不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)形式。
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
She hated to be flattered.
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
This is bound to be found out.
There are a lot of things to be done.
She was too young to be assigned such work.
功用：不定式可以作主語 (a)，賓語 (b)，表語 (c)，定語 (d) 或是狀語 (e)。
a. To scold her would not be just.
b. We are planning to build a reservoir here.
c. One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.
d. Do you have anything to declare?
e. We have come to learn from you.
不帶to 的不定式：
在“動(dòng)詞+ 賓語+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果動(dòng)詞是表示感覺意義的see，hear，watch，smell，feel，notice等，或是表示“致使”意義的 have，make，let等，其后的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)不帶to。
John made her tell him everything.
這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，后面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式。
She was made to tell him everything.
在 had better，had best，would rather，would sooner，would just as soon，might (just) as well，cannot but 等搭配之后，動(dòng)詞不定式也不帶to。
I'd rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.
They cannot but accept his term.
在make do，make believe，let drop，let fall，let fly，let slip，let drive，let go of，let there be，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.
I've heard tell of him.
在動(dòng)詞help(或help +賓語)之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。
Can I help (to) lift this heavy box?
在介詞except，but 之后，如果其前有動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，不定式一般不帶to，反之帶to。
There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.
Smith will do anything but work on a farm.
There's no choice but to wait till it stops raining.
連詞 rather than，sooner than 置于句首時(shí)，其后的不定式不帶to。
Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.
出現(xiàn)在句中其他位置時(shí)，其后的不定式有時(shí)帶to，有時(shí)不帶to。
He decided to write rather than telephone.
The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.
用作補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞不定式，如果主語是由“all + 關(guān)系分句”，“thing +關(guān)系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”等構(gòu)成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時(shí)，作為主語補(bǔ)語的不定式可以省to，也可以不省。
What he will do is (to) spoil the whole thing.
All you do now is complete the form
The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.
The thing to do now is clear up this mess.
The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.
【篇二】2020年上半年英語四級高級語法講解
可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo);
lest：以防;從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞必須用should+動(dòng)詞原形;
eg: He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
He took the umbrella with him lest it should rain.
in case：以防;與lest不同，從句里的時(shí)態(tài)不做特殊變化;
eg：Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.
for feat that：和lest保持一致;
eg：A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.
let…down…：讓……感到氣餒
【篇三】2020年上半年英語四級高級語法講解
方式狀語從句通常由as,,as if, as though，the way, what引導(dǎo);
eg：Always do to the others as you would be done by.
When enter rome do as the romans do .
(1)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像";
(2)as if/though："仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的";
有時(shí)用虛擬語氣，有時(shí)不用;
eg：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. (與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
(與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。)
(3)the way：可以連接兩個(gè)句子，表達(dá)就像……一樣;
eg：I should do the job the way my father did.
Many Europeans now apparently view the US. the way many Americans view Mexican as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party.
(4)what：就像，猶如;
eg：Air is to man what/as water is to fish.
句型：A is to B what C is to D.
eg：A1 Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.
put sb. on a path to a solution：找到解決的辦法